Abstract Objective Chylomicronemia is characterized by extreme hypertriglyceridemia (triglyceride values >10 mmol/L). It may be caused by a biallelic combination of a pathogenic variant [familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS)] or by genetic susceptibility combined with comorbidities and environmental factors [multifactorial chylomicronemia syndrome (MCS)]. Acute pancreatitis (AP) is the most serious complication of chylomicronemia. In the general population, the prevalence of AP during pregnancy is estimated to be <0.35%. As triglyceride levels significantly increase during pregnancy, it may affect the course of pregnancy and further increase the risk of AP in women with chylomicronemia. Methods One hundred sixteen pregnancies involving 49 European and North American women with a history of chylomicronemia (20 FCS, 29 MCS) were retrospectively reviewed. The occurrence of AP, the course of pregnancy, fetal development, and delivery were evaluated. Results Forty-two percent of FCS and 10% of MCS women experienced at least 1 AP episode during pregnancy (P = .01). Compared to MCS, women with FCS presented a higher percentage of pregnancies with AP (17% vs 5%, P = .02). Among all reviewed pregnancy-related AP, 56% occurred in primigravida FCS women compared to 0% in MCS. Premature deliveries were elevated in both groups, although they were more frequent in FCS (56%) vs MCS (19%) (P = .01). The percentages of miscarriages (11.8% vs 10.7%) and fetal failure to thrive (5.9% vs 9.2%) were not significantly different between the 2 cohorts. Conclusion In this study, pregnant women with chylomicronemia had a 30-fold (MCS) to 120-fold (FCS) higher occurrence of AP compared to the general population. Chylomicronemia per se does not seem to influence fetal development.
The history of the concept of perseverance, particularly but not only in the early modern age, is reconstructed here by identifying its various ancestry and lines of development, and especially by distinguishing from the religious notion a secular use and function of this virtue, with the intention of thus honoring the unwavering perseverance that characterized the late Leibnizian scholar Marine Picon.
Strictly confidential reports from the Albanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs add a new dimension to events in Serbia and Yugoslavia in the second half of the 1960s. According to their content, the strengthening of the autonomy of Kosovo and Metohija was the result of a change in the balance of power at the top of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia after the Brioni Plenum in 1966. Leading Croatian and Slovenian officials held the majority of the party’s control. According to the reports, party leaders Vladimir Bakarić and Edvard Kardelj intended to disintegrate Yugoslavia and allow Croatia and Slovenia to gain independence, and the League of Communists of Yugoslavia’s Kosovo policy was a key component of that strategy. Leader of Kosovo Albanians Fadilj Hoxha gained complete control of the province’s party, judicial, and security apparatuses thanks to the political support he received from Broz, Kardelj, and Bakarić. Reports also confirm the emergence of mass emigration of Serbs from Kosovo and Metohija, owing to threatened security and ethnically motivated persecution from the province’s companies and institutions. The Albanian population in Kosovo and Metohija developed national euphoria as a result of the new circumstances, which was reflected in public demands for the province’s separation from Serbia, the use of the Albanian flag in state institutions, and the establishment of a special official status for the Albanian language in the province. According to the report, the German intelligence service aimed at the secession of Kosovo and Metohija from Serbia and Yugoslavia and the establishment of another Albanian state in the Balkans.
Testimonies of Holocaust survivors have had an essential influence on public engagement with the Shoah in recent decades. Given this importance, the imminent end of the “era of the witness” has sparked fears that the history of the Holocaust could soon be forgotten. The past decades have therefore seen unprecedented efforts to record the testimonies of Holocaust survivors in order to safeguard the immediacy of their accounts. In this essay, I trace how different temporal entanglements have affected the narrated memory of Holocaust survivors and thus also shaped the knowledge of those born later. Focusing on four interviews conducted with a Jewish Holocaust survivor in 1946, 1995, 1998, and 2004 respectively, I explore how biological time, historical time, recording time, and the temporality of narrative have shaped the narrated memories. As I argue, the different temporal entanglements have allowed for starkly different reconfigurations and reconstructions of the past. This renders the study of the epistemic constitutive nature of entangled temporalities important not only for Holocaust studies, but also for the history of knowledge, a field which has recently turned to processes of forgetting and ignorance.
History (General), History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
This study examines the effect of trade openness on poverty in Nigeria. The study adopts autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to study the relationship between poverty and trade openness and other explanatory variables. Measures of poverty used for this study were per capita income and human development index. Consequently, two autoregressive models were specified and estimated in order to examine the effect of trade openness on these two measures of poverty. In the two models, trade related variables (exchange rate and foreign direct investment) were included in the model as explanatory variables along with trade openness which is the key explanatory variable in the two models. The result of the analysis shows that in the first model trade openness has significant positive effect on per capita income only in the long run, foreign direct investment has a positive effect on per capita income both in the long run and in the short run while exchange rate has a negative effect on per capita income in the short run. In the second model, trade openness does not have a significant effect on human development, foreign direct investment has a significant and positive effect on human development while exchange rate has a significant negative effect on human development. It is recommended that the government should ensure that trade policies are mutually beneficial to Nigeria and the trading partner and that some specific bilateral trade relations are well negotiated. It is also recommended that the government should create the enabling environment to attract foreign direct investment into the Nigerian economy because of the positive gains on poverty reduction as shown in the findings.
Telling the story of the 1992 crisis exposes to a risk: knowing its epilogue, thus falling into the temptation of searching for the symptoms that heralded said crisis and the causes that explain the subsequent events. Indeed, to this day, a historiographical orientation exists that has mainly highlighted the contradictions produced by a sedimentation of degenerative elements in the decades prior to the breaking out of Tangentopoli. The objective of the present contribution is to propose a reinterpretation of those events, not exclusively as the product of concatenations of causes prior to 1992, but also by investigating the conflictual dynamics of the time, primarily generated by the players directly involved in the public and media space: magistrates, journalists, entrepreneurs and the emerging political forces. Without following the thread of the power clashes during the unfolding of Mani pulite (Clean Hands), one may fail to understand the motivations of said players and the driving forces that took part in the process, as well as the dynamics that significantly conditioned the circumstances of the time, and therefore the subsequent relapses.
Measurements poetics and genealogy of alternative history (AI) as a phenomenon literary process. The main ones are considered in the article characteristics of subgenres of alternative history, their style, meta-genre markers and general characteristics of the plot. Here the metagenre of alternative history (AI) is presented as the main one gender formation, which derives its own subgenres with similar and various markers, which indicates the novelty of the studio. Purpose of the article - identify both special genre complexes and stylistic the markers that make up the AI metagenre are identified as subgenres of the metagenre of alternative history in Ukrainian and American literary dimensions. Research methods. AIs are used to represent classifications of subgenres descriptive and comparative methods; for their analysis and distribution, to improve the classif ication of genealogical andstylistic elements of AI subgenres are also applied comparative method and analytical principle. Conclusions. It is possible to conclude that the meta-genre formation of AI over time was divided into separate subgenres and varieties and adopted different schemes stories from other genres, especially canonical ones such as historical novel, fantasy novel, detective novel, uchrony and fantasy. The alternative story has become extraordinary a fruitful source for restoring the influence of mythologists in Europe, in particular the eastern. Alternative history and subgenres of AI try to overcome the sacralization of historiography and do every European component of the historical picture of the world alternative. In American literature, the alternative history plays the role of rebuilding national history and creation projections of the future.
This article delves into the relationships between the renovated farmhouse, restructured village layout, and agricultural production in the New Village Movement of the 1970s. The new rural houses under construction in the 1970s were often called “urban style houses (Tosihyŏng chut’aek)” or “cultural houses (Munhwa chut’aek),” representing a kind of spatial unification or homogenization between domiciles in the countryside and the city. The government’s standardized designs of the urban-style cultural farmhouse paid particular attention to ways of dividing living spaces from workplaces, which were often integrated in earlier designs for farmhouse buildings. This planning was based on a prospect that agricultural production would and should be mechanized and collaborative, as in manufacturing production. The urbanization of rural housing was interconnected with the so-called Village Structural Improvement Project that visualized the whole layout of the rural village and demonstrated how the construction works led to the urbanized lifestyle and industrialized farming methods. However, farmers often complained that the new urban-style farmhouse and village was not optimal for the patterns of life in the countryside, and that the common warehouses under construction were too distant from each farmhouse.
Experimental investigations have definitely assessed that ultraviolet A (UVA) as well as ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation induce mutagenic DNA photoproducts and other cell damages with a carcinogenic potential. Artificial tanning increases significantly the lifetime risk for basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma particularly in subjects with fair skin type, subjects with a history of skin cancer or frequent childhood sunburn or if exposures took place at an age younger than 18 years. In addition, experimental and clinical evidence indicate that UVA exposure promotes skin photoageing. Therefore we are dealing with a recreational activity (for customers) and a profitable business (for the tanning industry) with human costs, i.e. an increase in morbidity and mortality by skin cancer, and health and social costs leading to an increased expenditure by the European national health systems. In a few European countries, legislation has recently prohibited the use of sunbeds for minors, pregnant women, people with skin cancer or a history of skin cancer and individuals who do not tan or who burn easily from sun exposure. However, this legislation seems to be insufficient from a photobiological perspective, and importantly, it is largely disregarded by consumers and tanning industry. Therefore the Euromelanoma group proposes a new, more stringent regulation for the tanning industry and restrictions for customers, particularly for those individuals with constitutional and anamnestic risk factors. Finally, we ask for an enhanced commitment to increase the awareness of the general population on the risk of artificial tanning.
La celebración del quinto centenario de la primera circunnavegación del mundo es una gran oportunidad para realizar estudios, con nuevos enfoques, sobre la gran gesta que hicieron. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer aquellas fuentes primarias que se conservan en los diferentes archivos para ponerlas en valor y realizar una labor de difusión. Aquí se exponen los documentos con una vinculación directa con esta efeméride y que, gracias a ello, se favorecerá a que se publiquen nuevas investigaciones sobre aspectos poco tratados hasta ahora con una mayor calidad; pero no ayudará solo a los historiadores, sino a todas aquellas personas que, desde sus respectivas disciplinas e intereses, quieran aportar algún detalle sobre un acontecimiento tan conocido.
El objetivo de este artículo es la recopilación de fuentes primarias documentales relativas a la primera circunnavegación del Globo, llevadas a cabo bajo la dirección de Magallanes y Elcano entre 1519 y 1522, para la puesta en valor de este tipo de fuentes, su difusión y favorecer nuevas corrientes de investigación.
Статья раскрывает особенности развития и развития военно-морских сил Ирака от Июльской революции 1958 г. к концу второго кувейтского кризиса в феврале-марте 1973 г. Приведены сведения о всех боевых кораблях и катерах, поставленных в Ирак в указанный период, коротко описана деятельность некоторых его командующих и описаны действия ВМС Ирака в ходе первого и второго кувейтских кризисов 1961 и 1973 годов.
In the article, the third community broadcasting sector, alongside the public and commercial sectors – is described. The history of community radio journalism is also analysed. Attention is focused on the pioneers of Polish private radio broadcasting that created pirate local stations in the early 1990s, which were born as grassroots and community oriented initiatives. The lack of well-thought-out state policies to support such stations and the escalating globalization processes have led to a crisis of radio in this form and of civil radio journalism as a whole. The history of Radio Obywatelskie from Poznań, founded by the American Robert Gamble, is described in greater detail. The operating model of this station is compared with the operating model of the community radio outlined in the first part of the article. In the publication, available media-related studies as well as community media documents in Europe were used, in addition, information from a recorded conversation with Robert Gamble, minutes from the meeting of Radio Obywatelskie representatives with the National Broadcasting Council and publications publications from the popular press titles were also analysed.
A full-length genome sequence of 27 739 nt was determined for the only known European turkey coronavirus (TCoV) isolate. In general, the order, number and size of ORFs were consistent with other gammacoronaviruses. Three points of recombination were predicted, one towards the end of 1a, a second in 1b just upstream of S and a third in 3b. Phylogenetic analysis of the four regions defined by these three points supported the previous notion that European and American viruses do indeed have different evolutionary pathways. Very close relationships were revealed between the European TCoV and the European guinea fowl coronavirus in all regions except one, and both were shown to be closely related to the European infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) Italy 2005. None of these regions of sequence grouped European and American TCoVs. The region of sequence containing the S gene was unique in grouping all turkey and guinea fowl coronaviruses together, separating them from IBVs. Interestingly the French guinea fowl virus was more closely related to the North American viruses. These data demonstrate that European turkey and guinea fowl coronaviruses share a common genetic backbone (most likely an ancestor of IBV Italy 2005) and suggest that this recombined in two separate events with different, yet related, unknown avian coronaviruses, acquiring their S-3a genes. The data also showed that the North American viruses do not share a common backbone with European turkey and guinea fowl viruses; however, they do share similar S-3a genes with guinea fowl virus.