Abstract This paper proposes a non‐territorial reading of a politics of place. Focusing on the politics of contemporary regionalism, it argues that globalisation and the general rise of a society of transnational flows and networks no longer allow a conceptualisation of place politics in terms of spatially bound processes and institutions. The second part of the paper outlines an alternative politics of place that works with the varied distanciated geographies that cut across a given region.
C. Gillezeau, Maaike A G van Gerwen, R. Shaffer
et al.
BackgroundDespite the growing and widespread use of glyphosate, a broad-spectrum herbicide and desiccant, very few studies have evaluated the extent and amount of human exposure.ObjectiveWe review documented levels of human exposure among workers in occupational settings and the general population.MethodsWe conducted a review of scientific publications on glyphosate levels in humans; 19 studies were identified, of which five investigated occupational exposure to glyphosate, 11 documented the exposure in general populations, and three reported on both.ResultsEight studies reported urinary levels in 423 occupationally and para-occupationally exposed subjects; 14 studies reported glyphosate levels in various biofluids on 3298 subjects from the general population. Average urinary levels in occupationally exposed subjects varied from 0.26 to 73.5 μg/L; environmental exposure urinary levels ranged from 0.16 to 7.6 μg/L. Only two studies measured temporal trends in exposure, both of which show increasing proportions of individuals with detectable levels of glyphosate in their urine over time.ConclusionsThe current review highlights the paucity of data on glyphosate levels among individuals exposed occupationally, para-occupationally, or environmentally to the herbicide. As such, it is challenging to fully understand the extent of exposure overall and in vulnerable populations such as children. We recommend further work to evaluate exposure across populations and geographic regions, apportion the exposure sources (e.g., occupational, household use, food residues), and understand temporal trends.
L’étude explore les perceptions des populations locales face au développement du tourisme balnéaire à San Pedro (Côte d’Ivoire). En se distinguant par une méthodologie mixte de type exploratoire, elle identifie trois sortes de perceptions : positive, négative et ambivalente. L’hypothèse, selon laquelle les perceptions sont simultanément favorables et défavorables, est rejetée en raison d’une distribution statistique non significative. L’étude met en lumière le décalage entre les textes réglementaires encadrant le tourisme et les réalités vécues sur le terrain, en ouvrant la voie à une réflexion sur la nécessité d’une gouvernance inclusive, d’une régulation renforcée et d’une valorisation des savoirs locaux.
Abstract The aims of this study are to analysis adoption and impacts of conservation agriculture on poverty and resilience to drought in Eastern Ethiopia. Multi-stage sampling method was employed and four districts were randomly selected from Eastern Hararghe Zone. Using cross-sectional survey data collected in 2023 from 430 households, multinomial endogenous switching regression was applied in impact evaluation. The result shows farm experience, education, climatic-shocks experience, access to climate information, access to extension, number of oxen, farm size, labor force, livestock and distance to market are determinants of conservation agriculture (CA) adoption in terms of inter-cropping, crop rotation and crop residue retention or mulch practices in its single and combination of practices. Poverty was evaluated based on cost-of-basic-need and resilience to drought is in its index. Accordingly, the food poverty line and total consumption expenditure or total poverty line was found to be 6582.7ETB and 8620.70ETB per Adult/Equivalent per year in the study area. Results of average treatment effect on treated shows adoption is significantly reduced poverty and increased resilience to drought condition in the area. The study also shows importance role of extension service in adoption of CA practices. There is a need to encourage extension facilities and awareness to promote better adoption of CA particularly, in its combination. The combination of practices increased consumption expenditure of adopters by 73.3 percent compared to non-adopters, given its significant impact on households’ poverty and resilience to drought in moisture stress area of eastern Ethiopia. So, it is crucial to more advances farmers and experts’ information on climate shocks and conservation agricultural practices adoption. The policymakers ought to develop and encourage farmers’ asset building plan including livestock, adult education, market linkage facilities, extension and weather related information delivery service to enhance adoption of conservation agricultural practices to combat the current and future drought.
Using the complete Navier-Stokes equations, we investigate the linear stability of a viscous flow in a channel with various corrugated walls. We consider both the longitudinal corrugations when the main flow has two velocity components and the transversely corrugated wall when the basic flow has one velocity component. In frame of one approach and in a wide range of variations in the corrugation parameters and shapes, we analyze the neutral curves for the linear stability problem. We calculate the critical Reynolds number above which the main flow is unstable and there are disturbances growing in time. Perturbations of the velocity and pressure fields are, in general, three-dimensional with two wave numbers. We solve numerically the generalized eigenvalue problem. In the case of the transversely corrugated wall, we obtain two regions of parameters where the dependencies of the critical Reynolds number on the corrugation parameters are qualitatively different. The limits of these regions depend only on the ratio of the amplitude and period of corrugations. In the case of the longitudinal-corrugations, we find the corrugation parameters where the basic flow is unstable with respect to the periodic disturbances with the same wavelength as the corrugations wavelength and undergoes “the unavoidable transition” to a flow with more complicated behaviour in time.
The relationship between parameters in wetlands, especially peatlands, as a part of the analysis is interesting to study. The analysis is expected to show the condition of the peatland or the state of the wetlands in general. The water table elevation (WTE) is measured daily, so to compare it with evapotranspiration and rain, daily values for these two parameters are also required. The study was conducted between June-July and August 2022 on shallow peatlands in Gambut District, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan Province. Evapotranspiration in this study was calculated using the Hargreaves and Modified Hargreaves method which presents a daily evapotranspiration calculation. The methods only depend on the maximum and minimum temperature, the number of outer space radiation whose magnitude depends on its location on the earth's surface, and the time when the research is conducted. The results showed that the highest daily evapotranspiration value generally occurred in August, which was in accordance with previous studies, but the magnitudes were different. The daily evapotranspiration value in this study ranged from 0.5 mm to 1.8 mm, while previously, the values were greater. WTE values show a strong relationship with rainfall, where rainfall increases the WTE value, and conversely, the absence causes the WTEs to decrease gradually. In general, the condition of the peatlands in the study area based on the groundwater elevation conditions still looks quite good with a fast response to rain. The relationship of evapotranspiration with rain and water table elevation cannot be clearly seen in this study because alterations in rainfall and WTE do not directly indicate changes in evapotranspiration values, so a more extended study covering other months and more in-depth covering parameters and other methods is needed to draw valid conclusions more accurate.
Fix an irrational number $α$ and a real function $\mathfrak{p}$ on the circle with $0<\mathfrak{p}<1$. If a particle is placed at a point $x\in \mathbb R/\mathbb Z$, then in the next step it jumps to $x+α$ with probability $\mathfrak{p}(x)$ and to $x-α$ with probability $1-\mathfrak{p}(x)$. Sinai and Kaloshin proved that if $\mathfrak{p}$ is smooth then the random walk is uniquely ergodic and mixing, unless $α$ is Liouville and $\mathfrak{p}$ is symmetric. Unique ergodicity in the general case has been obtained by Conze and Guivarc'h. Here we give an alternative proof of the latter as well as some generic result about mixing, which partially solves a recent open problem.
Amélie Monfort, Marion Amalric, Nicolas Becu
et al.
This article studies the conditions of social reception of managed retreat as a response to coastal flooding, by risk managers (elected officials and agents) in Camargue and Normandy, through a participatory simulation conducted during workshops. After defining the notion of social reception chosen in relation to acceptability, the process of building reception through the participants’ player actions is described. The variety of forms of understanding that managers have of managed retreat and the temporal dimension are highlighted. Other factors of reception are then revealed (political context, social representations, perception of management scales) based on the analysis of the territorial discourses of the participants during the workshops. Through the parallels between game and reality, the study highlights the factors that determine the social reception of public policies for coastal risk management in each territory studied.
We study topological groups of monotonic autohomeomorphisms on a generalized ordered space $L$. We find a condition that is necessary and sufficient for the set of all monotonic autohomeomorphisms on $L$ along with the function composition and the topology of point-wise convergence to be a topological group.
Recent advances in deep neural language models combined with the capacity of large scale datasets have accelerated the development of natural language generation systems that produce fluent and coherent texts (to various degrees of success) in a multitude of tasks and application contexts. However, controlling the output of these models for desired user and task needs is still an open challenge. This is crucial not only to customizing the content and style of the generated language, but also to their safe and reliable deployment in the real world. We present an extensive survey on the emerging topic of constrained neural language generation in which we formally define and categorize the problems of natural language generation by distinguishing between conditions and constraints (the latter being testable conditions on the output text instead of the input), present constrained text generation tasks, and review existing methods and evaluation metrics for constrained text generation. Our aim is to highlight recent progress and trends in this emerging field, informing on the most promising directions and limitations towards advancing the state-of-the-art of constrained neural language generation research.
A fusion boundary-plasma domain is defined by axisymmetric magnetic surfaces where the geometry is often complicated by the presence of one or more X-points; and modeling boundary plasmas usually relies on computational grids that account for the magnetic field geometry. The new grid generator INGRID (Interactive Grid Generator) presented here is a Python-based code for calculating grids for fusion boundary plasma modeling, for a variety of configurations with one or two X-points in the domain. Based on a given geometry of the magnetic field, INGRID first calculates a skeleton grid which consists of a small number of quadrilateral patches; then it puts a subgrid on each of the patches, and joins them in a global grid. This domain partitioning strategy makes possible a uniform treatment of various configurations with one or two X-points in the domain. This includes single-null, double-null, and other configurations with two X-points in the domain. The INGRID design allows generating grids either interactively, via a parameter-file driven GUI, or using a non-interactive script-controlled workflow. Results of testing demonstrate that INGRID is a flexible, robust, and user-friendly grid-generation tool for fusion boundary-plasma modeling.
Esta pesquisa visou identificar os principais fatores condicionantes de vulnerabilidades diante dos possíveis impactos de eventos climáticos nas cidades mato-grossenses de Terra Nova do Norte, Guarantã do Norte, Peixoto de Azevedo e Matupá, situadas na bacia amazônica. Para coletar os dados utilizou-se um questionário semiestruturado, aplicando a amostragem aleatória para selecionar os bairros e a intencional na seleção dos 1.150 domicílios amostrados. Os resultados apontam como principais fatores de vulnerabilidade: nível de escolaridade, presença de crianças e idosos nos domicílios, características construtivas dos imóveis, forma de despejo do esgoto doméstico e consumo de água sem tratamento. Estes últimos contribuem para a incidência de diversas doenças associadas à água e a vetores.
Palavras chave: Perigos climáticos. Sistemas urbanos. Vulnerabilidade social.