Introduction. The paper presents the results of a multi-method research (sociology and cultural studies) of Transbaikalian regional identity. Stereotypes became the main study object. The subject of research is the generalized image of Transbaikalia and Transbaikalians, based on designations and self-designations consolidated in language, as well as on their description in travelogues.
Materials and Methods. The theoretical framework of the article is based on constructivism, supplemented by the idea of the essential role of stereotypes in the development of identity. The research methodology aims to take into account the formal or informal character of stereotypes. It is assumed that informal components dominate in the identity structure, therefore blogs were chosen as a source of data that can provide anonymity and a relative freedom of speech. Other texts about Transbaikalian culture and self-awareness, including scientific encyclopedias, have been also used to reveal and analyze autostereotypes. The methods used in the research include discourse analysis, quantitative and qualitative content analysis, and historical analysis. A sociological survey has also been conducted to obtain quantitative data.
Results. The research results shows the presence of stable Transbaikalian identity; the similarity of its content to that of Siberia and others ethnically heterogeneous regions of Russia is not regarded as an issue. This regional identity has deep and original historical and natural geographical roots, though it blends seamlessly into the national-level identity.
Discussion and Conclusion. Being a “subidentity” within its borders, Transbaikalian identity cannot be very different from it, much less be opposed to it. At the same time, the presence of opposing semantic and value components in the identity structure of Transbaikalia makes it flexible and capable of development.
With time and the different ages, furniture has emerged in various forms, bearing the features of the age that belongs to it. Despite numerous studies and encyclopedias that confine the features of each era's furniture, there is still some confusion about the furniture of the Greek era. The study aims to analyze Greek-era and Roman-era furniture, learn the factors that influence the emergence of features of each age's furniture, and make comparisons between them. The study followed the historical and analytical descriptive curriculum. One of the most important findings of the research is that there is a difference between the features of Greek-era furniture and Roman-era furniture. Political, economic, environmental, and religious factors impact the features of Greek and Roman-era furniture; among the most important research recommendations is to increase studies on the features and characteristics of Roman and Greek furniture to find out the differences between them
Based on the significant expansion of access in Ukraine to original 19th-century world scientific literature, and the growing culture of preserving historical memory in the field of science and technology—as exemplified by numerous university-led digital initiatives worldwide—this work offers a new interpretation of the scientific achievements of the eminent Ukrainian experimental physicist Ivan Puluj, in comparison with those of his contemporaries. Drawing on the criteria for Nobel laureates as formulated by the administrators of the inaugural prize in 1901, the study rigorously demonstrates that limiting recognition to Wilhelm Röntgen alone was unjustified, and that the candidacy of our compatriot possessed notable advantages over his closest competitors. It is shown that Puluj’s scientific contributions were effectively silenced by represent-atives of the dominant imperial scientific schools of the time. This pattern of omission persists even in the materials of such a democratic source of information as the modern global Wikipedia. In this context, the work underscores the vital importance of cultivating principles of scientific integrity—principles consistently exemplified by both Michael Faraday and Ivan Puluj.
The purpose of the article to characterize the state, main directions and features of the scientific and information support of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, to present a wide range of information resources prepared by the institutions of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine during the period of independence and the Russian Ukrainian war, to emphasize the importance of popularizing the achievements of Ukrainian science in the information space.The research methodology is based on the use of the principles of scientific objectivity and systematicity, the application of methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization. The scientific novelty the study consists in the analysis of the state of scientific and information support of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine over a 30-year period and the challenges caused by the Russian-Ukrainian war. The main areas of scientific and information support are highlighted in the complex, in particular, its library, bibliographic, publishing, museum and information activities, new forms of scientific communication in the electronic space are presented. Some attention is focused on the preservation of intangible cultural heritage monuments that have the status of national property, in connection with the increasing pace of digitalization and military operations on the territory of Ukraine. Conclusions. During the period of independence, a powerful scientific and information base was developed in the institutions of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, which contributed to the introduction of a large number of new documents and publications into scientific circulation. Analytical, prognostic, conceptual work of socio-humanitarian institutions of the Academy formed an information base of knowledge for scientific and information support of progressive transformations in Ukrainian society. During this period, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine created electronic libraries and databases that reflect a wide variety of many types and types of documents. Special protection, storage and introduction into scientific and cultural circulation were given to the most valuable documents that constitute national heritage. Today, the largest national bibliography was created as a register of publications belonging to the field of Ukrainian studies. Branch bibliography and biobibliography received further development. Multilingual encyclopedias and reference books created according to a new source base, devoid of Russian imperial stereotypes and templates, saw the world. Electronic exhibition activity has significantly expanded and acquired new forms of presentation on the Internet. Modern knowledge discovery and discovery systems have been developed, equipped with complex semantic tools, new models and means of providing information services in service-oriented library systems have been created. The results of scientific studies of document resources and the state of information support at the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine determined the main trends and prospects for its further functioning, the possibility of transforming individual information units into effective information technology centers that will meet the global requirements for information support of scientific research, the task of approving an innovative model of the functioning of science .
Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
This work focuses on calligrapher Takayasu Rōoku (years of life are unknown), who lived and worked in Osaka in the second half of the 18th century. The life and work of Takayasu Rōoku deserve attention because it was him who complied one of the most popular encyclopedias of his time, Tokai Setsuyō Hyakkatsū (Complete Compendium of Urban Knowledge, Osaka, 1801), which went through several editions during the 19th century and affected the worldview of city dwellers of that time. Based on the evidence from contemporaries and the analysis of books on which Rōoku worked, this work describes his social circle, interests, lifestyle, and his main areas of work.
The article considers the possibility of using a modern electronic encyclopedia in the educational process. It is noted that both teachers and students themselves significantly underestimate the possibilities of tertiary electronic sources, which include digital encyclopedias. The author emphasizes that in the electronic encyclopedia format, the traditional disadvantages of printed tertiary sources and of electronic databases are significantly leveled, while the advantages of both of them are preserved in full. It is noted that modern electronic encyclopedias meet the features of information expectations and attitudes to the educational process that are typical for younger generations today, and can also act as guiding sources for students with a proven basis and rigid structure. Using them in the educational process will contribute to the formation of students' research skills and gradually "force" them to academic work and greatly facilitate the development of academic writing. Turning to electronic tertiary sources as a modern and convenient tool will help in solving such problems of students existing in modern education as the crisis of textual culture, reducing the time of active attention and the erosion of stable motivation. For the most effective use of the electronic encyclopedia as an educational tool and at the same time the gradual formation of analytical reading and academic writing skills, it is recommended to introduce special educational disciplines that act as a kind of educational lot for the development of tertiary electronic sources, acting, in turn, as a lot in the world of science.
The Bulgarian Encyclopedia Scientific Information Centre is a constituent part of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, responsible for the compilation and publication of encyclopedias and encyclopedic reference books. Its work follows the tradition of encyclopedic knowledge in Bulgarian culture dating back to medieval collections from the court of Tsar Simeon I in the 9th to 10th centuries. Encyclopedic content is also contained in the first Bulgarian schoolbook, published in 1824, and in the growing interest in reference publications before and after the liberation of Bulgaria from the Ottoman Empire in 1878. The first Bulgarian general encyclopedia, the Encyclopedic Dictionary, was published in 1899–1907, followed by the popular Bulgarian Encyclopedia A-Ya in 1936. A specialised unit for the preparation of encyclopedias and encyclopedic reference literature was established at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in 1955 under the name Bulgarian Encyclopedia, and was renamed the Bulgarian Encyclopaedia Scientific Information Centre in 2003. The Centre’s mission is to disseminate scientific knowledge widely and in an accessible form. The Centre’s main activities include the compilation and preparation of general one-volume and multi-volume encyclopedias, the development of methodological guidelines and technologies for new publications, the preparation of thematic vocabularies of the articles and illustrations of the editions, and editorial and compiling work. The publications of the Bulgarian Encyclopedia Scientific Information Centre are of a high academic level, and the editorial and compilation work is carried out by experienced scientific encyclopedic editors, which guarantees the high professional standards of the publications. Multiple editions of the Bulgarian Encyclopedia have been published, covering a wide range of topics such as history, science, culture, and more. The Centre has also published thematic encyclopedias and electronic versions of its work, and collaborates with various organisations and publishers to continue its responsible activity of national importance.
This article explores facts about the role of classroom teachers foster students' interest in writing literacy. Several questions about writing literacy, covering how classroom teachers foster interest in writing literacy in students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Nurul Huda Sedenganmijen Krian, as well as what are the obstacles that class teachers in fostering interest in writing literacy at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Nurul Huda Sedenganmijen Krian, from both focuses The problem is expected to provide detailed information about the growth of students' interest in writing literacy so that later it can be used as a reference to other elementary schools. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach, collecting data through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of the study show that several classroom teachers have made breakthroughs, such as; familiarizing students with reading before starting the lesson, with a combination of class teachers giving students assignments to write personal stories in diaries. In addition, classroom teachers use several methods to foster students' interest in writing literacy, to be able to get maximum results. Synergy is a necessity in learning facilities such as the existence of learning media prepared by Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Nurul Huda Sendangmijen Krian, appropriate reading and writing literacy media, such as; Storybooks, picture stories, and fairy tales, wall magazines and children's encyclopedias, diaries, post it, film files (video).
Since the very origin of art, human beings have faced the challenge of the representation of Evil. Within the medieval Christian context, we may find many beings which have attempted to convey the power of the devil. Demonic beings, terrifying beasts, fallen angels or even Satan himself can be frequently found and appear in many forms. They can be seen in chapitols, stained glass windows, codices … Our aim is to evaluate different creatures, animals and monstruous hybrids, which represent the efficient presence of the devil. We base our evaluation on some bestiaries, natural history books and encyclopedias from the XII and the XIII century, like the <i>Bestiaire</i> from Philippe de Thaon, Pierre de Beauvais, Guillaume le Clerc, or the so-called Cambridge Bestiary as well as the one from Oxford, the <i>Livres dou Tresor</i> from Brunetto Latini, the <i>Liber monstrorum de diversis generibus</i>, <i>L’image du Monde</i> from Gossuin, the <i>Bestiario moralizzato di Gubbio</i>, and of course, the <i>Physiologus</i>. Natural beings acquire a supernatural dimension in bestiaries and in natural history books. We will present the reader with a satanic bestiary, a short selection of these evil-related beings. In this, we will distinguish between those beasts representing evil through their ability to deceive and those which are able to generate not only fear, but also death.
Which we are interested here Encyclopedia of the pleasures of thought and methods of lessons: for the pools, and existing in several copies as will be mentioned later, and we relied in our research on a copy that exists in the Iraqi Academy of Scienc , the number of its pages (155), the number of its pages in each page (18) Line, and in each line of (9-12) words . The geographical encyclopedia of the Sultan of the eighth century AH / 16th century, provided us with valuable information that helps us to draw a clear picture of the term and administrative division of Andalusia (Koura), and this shows unequivocally the attention of the authors of the serious encyclopedias and comes in their intimacy by mentioning the administrative conditions of that country And his active attempt to gather information about them, and that the Batawat did not tell us the sources of this information, which was read by those who wrote from the Saba'is and the Andalusians of the later geographers .As at the same time we find that there is a lack of information on the names of the governors of Andalusia on that Corr and cities and fortresses, which we find in the books of other encyclopedias
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
The study aims at the reality of physicians use of information technology applications in medical fields of various types and forms, and to show the trends of numerical, qualitative, objective and linguistic coverage of medical informatics applications used, exploring the trends of informational use of them, assessing the characteristics of the information structure of applications, and detect challenges and constraints facing the use of doctors. For IT applications, through an assessment framework that links reality and future aspirations. The study also reached a number of results, the most important of which are: There is a relatively diversified rate of use of the types of information technology applications in the medical fields. Specialized applications, medical databases applications, medical electronic library applications, medical guides and atlases applications, and specialized medical encyclopedias applications. This diversity is reflected in the numerical, qualitative, objective and linguistic coverage of the application. The role of informatics, the areas of use and the informational role of medical informatics applications. In addition, there is a difference in the levels of information infrastructure of the applications used, which confirms its excellence in the presentation of information content, as the study showed that there are several challenges and obstacles facing doctors use of information technology applications, which is reflected in the purchasing value of medical applications, and the accuracy of specialized content, of the most prominent recommendations The study: The need to spread the culture of the use of medical informatics applications among the medical community at all levels on the basis, methodology and informatics, in addition to the need to evaluate medical applications by specialized medical bodies to show their impact, and validity, from the information side A medical mate.
Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
Objectives. The aim of this work is to develop methods for automated text analysis and the retrieval of relevant data from full-text documents, as well as applying semantic text analysis methods for using linguistic ontologies as formalised models of subject area representation. Another aim is the use of electronic encyclopedias, primarily Wikipedia, as the basis for constructing the linguistic ontologies in order to derive maximum semantic information about their concepts, vocabulary expressions, interrelations and hierarchy.Methods.The search for solutions based on system analysis methods is based on the emergence of new technologies that for solving both the text itself and the object of research that is to be solved as a result of such processing. When creating contemporary artificial intelligence systems or their components, developers and researchers often face the need to formalise a certain subject area in order to automate the processing of phrases, word collocations and sentences entering the system in natural language form. Currently, the most popular approach to the formal description of a subject area is to construct an ontology.Results. Established approaches to the retrieval of information are described along with the architecture of the automated system and the results of their application.Conclusion. Semantic data analysis methods are applied with linguistic ontologies used as the formalised models of subject area representation. Approaches to retrieving information from Wikipedia are described along with the architecture of the automated system and results of its application.
Article arises the problem of creating the encyclopedia of Tuvan culture. History of development of encyclopedia projects in world culture is reviews as well as description of the variants of encyclopedias in 20th century. Characteristics of dictionaries about different aspects of Tuvan culture are provided. Possibilities for thesaurus approach to creating the new encyclopedia of Tuvan culture are estimated.
The article is devoted to life and activity of Ivan Dmitrievich Sytin, a famous Russian book-seller and enlightener of late ХIХ - early ХХ centuries. Along with primers, books and textbooks, which were available for impoverished village people, Sytin spread his countless calendars have becoming really popular encyclopedias.
Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
Constructing ontology manually is a time-consuming, error-prone,
and tedious task. We present SSCO, a self-supervised learning
based chinese ontology, which contains about 255 thousand concepts,
5 million entities, and 40 million facts. We explore the three largest online
Chinese encyclopedias for ontology learning and describe how to
transfer the structured knowledge in encyclopedias, including article titles,
category labels, redirection pages, taxonomy systems, and InfoBox
modules, into ontological form. In order to avoid the errors in encyclopedias
and enrich the learnt ontology, we also apply some machine
learning based methods. First, we proof that the self-supervised machine
learning method is practicable in Chinese relation extraction (at least
for synonymy and hyponymy) statistically and experimentally and train
some self-supervised models (SVMs and CRFs) for synonymy extraction,
concept-subconcept relation extraction, and concept-instance relation extraction;
the advantages of our methods are that all training examples
are automatically generated from the structural information of encyclopedias
and a few general heuristic rules. Finally, we evaluate SSCO in
two aspects, scale and precision; manual evaluation results show that
the ontology has excellent precision, and high coverage is concluded by
comparing SSCO with other famous ontologies and knowledge bases; the
experiment results also indicate that the self-supervised models obviously
enrich SSCO.
This article explores the association between racial thought and the idea of Europe in late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Britain. It begins by noting the complexities surrounding the word “race” in this period, before considering whether—and on what grounds—contemporary race thinkers identify a “European race” or “races”. This reveals important ambiguities and correlations between anatomical, genealogical and cultural understandings of human difference. The essay then discusses how some of these ideas find expression in British encyclopedias, histories and geographical books. In this way, it shows how racial ideas are disseminated, not just in dedicated volumes on anatomy and biological classification, but also in general works which purport to summarize and transmit contemporary received knowledge. The article draws upon entries on “Europe” in every British encyclopedia completed between 1771 and 1830, as well as named source texts for those articles, tracing how the word “Europe” was used and what racial connotations it carried. Some entries imply that “European” is either a separate race entirely, or a subcategory of a single human race. Others, however, reject the idea of a distinctive European people to identify competing racial groups in Europe. These complexities reveal increasing interest in the delineation of European identities, an interest which emerges partly from long-standing eighteenth-century debates about the categorization and comprehension of human difference. In addition, they show the diffusion of (contending) racial ideas in non-specialist media, foreshadowing the growing prominence of racial thought in the later nineteenth century.