Abstract Objective Conducting health research with adolescents involves navigating complex challenges at both organisational and individual levels. As part of evaluating the EACH-B (Engaging Adolescents with Changing Behaviour) intervention—a school-based randomised controlled trial aimed at improving diet and physical activity in adolescents, we explored researchers’ insider experiences of programme implementation. The study investigates real-world implementation challenges and protocol adaptations in the EACH-B trial to provide practical guidance for public health interventions in schools. Applying the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 10 members of the research team. Results Researchers identified significant barriers within the ‘Inner’ settings (internal research processes) and ‘Outer’ settings (external school environment and policy landscape). Research delivery was hindered by post-pandemic school priorities—specifically academic recovery and mental health support which limited the feasibility of maintaining adolescent engagement and school access. Researcher-led adaptations emerged as a critical, yet often hidden, component of maintaining trial fidelity. The study concludes that reflexive ‘insider’ perspectives and flexible designs are essential to align research with shifting school priorities. These adaptive strategies provide a blueprint for more resilient and feasible public health interventions.
Hypercholesterolaemia is a significant modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the UK. GPs play a pivotal role in identifying and managing elevated cholesterol levels, aiming to reduce the burden of CVD through effective primary and secondary prevention strategies. This article provides a practical guide to the diagnosis, assessment and management of hypercholesterolaemia within the primary care setting, emphasising a person-centred approach, to improve patient outcomes.
Dicky Janeman Paseki, Carlo Aldrin Gerungan, Djoly Alfrits Sualang
This study aims to analyze the role of the Minahasa Regency General Election Commission (KPU) in ensuring the fulfillment of Minahasa residents' voting rights in the 2024 General Election (Pemilu) in accordance with Law No. 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method that focuses on the implementation of duties, authorities, and challenges faced by the KPU in managing the permanent voter list (DPT), election socialization, and providing accessibility for vulnerable groups. The results of the study indicate that the Minahasa Regency KPU has a strategic role in implementing inclusive election stages through voter education programs, factual verification of voter data, and strengthening equal community participation for all levels of citizens including the disabled. However, the lack of voter understanding and technical challenges in the field require integrated solutions.
In order to investigate the growth of Pinus yunnanensis seedlings and the stoichiometric characteristics of carbon(C), nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)of different organs in response to shade and drought treatments and the adaptive mechanism, the growth of P. yunnanensis seedlings in shade and drought environments was measured and analyzed in a potting controlled experiment using 1-year-old P. yunnanensis seedlings as the target. The experiment was set up with two levels of 0% shade and 70% shade, and four moisture gradients of normal moisture(CK, 80%±5%), light drought(LD, 65%±5%), moderate drought(MD, 50%±5%)and severe drought(SD, 35%±5%)were set to determine the growth indexes of P. yunnanensis seedlings under shade and drought treatments, as well as the C, N, and P contents of leaf, stem, coarse root and fine root, and calculate the stoichiometric characteristics of their stoichiometric characteristics. The results were as follows:(1)Seedling height, diameter and biomass increment were the greatest under 0% shade and 70% shade conditions with LD; leaf biomass increment was significantly increased under the shade treatment(70% shade)compared with no shade treatment(0% shade)in all drought stress treatments.(2)Compared with the normal water treatment, with the increase of drought stress degree, the C content in each organ of P. yunnanensis seedlings under the shade and drought interaction did not change significantly; the N content in leaf was decreasing, the N contents in stem and coarse root were increasing, and the N content in fine root was decreasing and then increasing; the P content in leaf and coarse root was decreasing, and the P content in fine root was increasing.(3)The order of variability of each element was C<N<P; C element has the smallest variability in stem and weak variability in stem, coarse root and fine root; N element has the smallest variability in leaf; P element has the largest variability in fine root.(4)There was a general correlation among the C, N and P contents in each organ of P. yunnanensis seedlings. C content was negatively correlated between coarse root and fine root, N content were positively correlated between leaf and fine root, stem and coarse root, and coarse root and fine root, and P content was positively correlated between leaf and fine root. In summary, the growth of P. yunnanensis seedlings in drought environment is mainly limited by N element; shade slows down the growth of P. yunnanensis seedlings limited by N element. P. yunnanensis seedlings improve the habitat of seedlings by increasing the utilization efficiency of N and P, and can alleviate the damage caused by drought stress. It is recommended that appropriate shade be provided when cultivating P. yunnanensis seedlings in the forest understory in the future.
In Ethiopia, multiparty elections are being organised every five years. For the 2021 general election, 47 parties were registered and more than 9,300 candidates ran for seats, of which, 1, 982 were women candidates. This study explored women candidates’ participation in election debates during the 2021 Ethiopian general elections. Using qualitative approach and content analysis technique, 35 television debates streamed in six stations were watched and analysed. Moreover, media legal documents and election reports are reviewed in gender lens. The findings revealed that the Ethiopia mainstream media cover men and women politicians differently during election campaign. The frequency of parties’ appearance in television debates and their gender representation are found to vary depending on the issues discussed and the media style of coverage. Female politicians were primarily being featured under the theme of gender, health, and education debates. Moreover, women candidates’ role in the election debates was limited in introducing and summarising their party policies while their men counterparts took the modest air time to present the details of the policy alternatives and to criticise the existing policies.
Reflection is a tool that is emphasized for preservice teachers as they learn how to teach, and much of the research on reflection is in the context of preservice and early-service teachers. However, as a veteran teacher in the classroom for almost twenty years, I feel like the discipline of reflection is one of the things that make me an effective teacher. Reflecting on gaps in my classroom and pedagogy has led me to great questions and problems of practice, and reflecting on lessons and student needs has allowed me to be intentional about choosing action steps to improve my teaching. This article will define reflection in the context of the reflection teachers do; will provide tools for exploring reflective practices; and will give music-specific examples of what to reflect on and when.
The NRF2 pathway is a metabolic- and redox-sensitive signaling axis in which the transcription factor controls the expression of a multitude of genes that enable cells to survive environmental stressors, such as oxidative stress, mainly by inducing the expression of cytoprotective genes. Basal NRF2 levels are maintained under normal physiological conditions, but when exposed to oxidative stress, cells activate the NRF2 pathway, which is crucial for supporting cell survival. Recently, the NRF2 pathway has been found to have novel functions in metabolic regulation and interplay with other signaling pathways, offering novel insights into the treatment of various diseases. Numerous studies have shown that targeting its pathway can effectively investigate the development and progression of age-related musculoskeletal diseases, such as sarcopenia, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and intervertebral disc degeneration. Appropriate regulation of the NRF2 pathway flux holds promise as a means to improve musculoskeletal function, thereby providing a new avenue for drug treatment of age-related musculoskeletal diseases in clinical settings. The review summarized an overview of the relationship between NRF2 and cellular processes such as oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, ferroptosis, and autophagy, and explores the potential of targeted NRF2 regulation in the treatment of age-related musculoskeletal diseases.
Abstract Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major microvascular complication of diabetes and has become the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. A considerable number of DN patients have experienced irreversible end-stage renal disease progression due to the inability to diagnose the disease early. Therefore, reliable biomarkers that are helpful for early diagnosis and treatment are identified. The migration of immune cells to the kidney is considered to be a key step in the progression of DN-related vascular injury. Therefore, finding markers in this process may be more helpful for the early diagnosis and progression prediction of DN. Methods The gene chip data were retrieved from the GEO database using the search term ' diabetic nephropathy ‘. The ' limma ' software package was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between DN and control samples. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed on genes obtained from the molecular characteristic database (MSigDB. The R package ‘WGCNA’ was used to identify gene modules associated with tubulointerstitial injury in DN, and it was crossed with immune-related DEGs to identify target genes. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed on differentially expressed genes using the ‘ClusterProfiler’ software package in R. Three methods, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) and random forest (RF), were used to select immune-related biomarkers for diagnosis. We retrieved the tubulointerstitial dataset from the Nephroseq database to construct an external validation dataset. Unsupervised clustering analysis of the expression levels of immune-related biomarkers was performed using the ‘ConsensusClusterPlus ‘R software package. The urine of patients who visited Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from September 2021 to March 2023 was collected, and Elisa was used to detect the mRNA expression level of immune-related biomarkers in urine. Pearson correlation analysis was used to detect the effect of immune-related biomarker expression on renal function in DN patients. Results Four microarray datasets from the GEO database are included in the analysis : GSE30122, GSE47185, GSE99340 and GSE104954. These datasets included 63 DN patients and 55 healthy controls. A total of 9415 genes were detected in the data set. We found 153 differentially expressed immune-related genes, of which 112 genes were up-regulated, 41 genes were down-regulated, and 119 overlapping genes were identified. GO analysis showed that they were involved in various biological processes including leukocyte-mediated immunity. KEGG analysis showed that these target genes were mainly involved in the formation of phagosomes in Staphylococcus aureus infection. Among these 119 overlapping genes, machine learning results identified AGR2, CCR2, CEBPD, CISH, CX3CR1, DEFB1 and FSTL1 as potential tubulointerstitial immune-related biomarkers. External validation suggested that the above markers showed diagnostic efficacy in distinguishing DN patients from healthy controls. Clinical studies have shown that the expression of AGR2, CX3CR1 and FSTL1 in urine samples of DN patients is negatively correlated with GFR, the expression of CX3CR1 and FSTL1 in urine samples of DN is positively correlated with serum creatinine, while the expression of DEFB1 in urine samples of DN is negatively correlated with serum creatinine. In addition, the expression of CX3CR1 in DN urine samples was positively correlated with proteinuria, while the expression of DEFB1 in DN urine samples was negatively correlated with proteinuria. Finally, according to the level of proteinuria, DN patients were divided into nephrotic proteinuria group (n = 24) and subrenal proteinuria group. There were significant differences in urinary AGR2, CCR2 and DEFB1 between the two groups by unpaired t test (P < 0.05). Conclusions Our study provides new insights into the role of immune-related biomarkers in DN tubulointerstitial injury and provides potential targets for early diagnosis and treatment of DN patients. Seven different genes ( AGR2, CCR2, CEBPD, CISH, CX3CR1, DEFB1, FSTL1 ), as promising sensitive biomarkers, may affect the progression of DN by regulating immune inflammatory response. However, further comprehensive studies are needed to fully understand their exact molecular mechanisms and functional pathways in DN.
Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, Analysis
Josenaide Alves da Silva, Geilsa Costa Santos Baptista, Nataélia Alves da Silva
A pesquisa é qualitativa e o objetivo propõe a análise da comunicação dos licenciandos para desenvolvimento de um ensino intercultural em aulas de ciências. Os envolvidos no trabalho foram dois licenciandos do curso de Ciências Agrárias, do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciências e Tecnologia Baiano, do campus de Senhor do Bonfim-BA. Para coleta de dados, utilizou-se gravações em vídeos, procedendo a Análise de Conteúdo e a Estrutura de análise das classes comunicativas, para analisá-los. Este artigo apresenta resultados sobre as análises das aulas de ciências dos licenciandos, as quais direcionaram para o desenvolvimento da abordagem comunicativa dialógica, incluindo os saberes socioculturais dos estudantes e os saberes científicos, a partir de uma relação entre essas formas de conhecer. Considera-se que a abordagem comunicativa dialógica é um alicerce para os licenciandos ministrarem a prática de ciências contextualizada.
Special aspects of education, Applied mathematics. Quantitative methods
This study examines the historical limitations of general education policy and proposes strategies for its qualitative transformation. Successive governments have shaped these policies through legislation, institutional reforms, competitive mechanisms, and evaluative management. However, general education has been undermined by legal ambiguity, institutional marginalization, and exclusion from major funding initiatives. Moreover, evaluation-driven approaches have failed to normalize or internalize general education within higher education institutions. To address these challenges, this paper outlines a policy agenda aimed at fostering sustainable and independent development. Key proposals include enacting a “General Education Promotion Act,” establishing a National Liberal Arts College, introducing dedicated financial support programs, and implementing a voluntary accreditation system. These measures seek to realign policies with the unique goals of general education, ensuring its long-term quality and sustainability. This study contributes to the discourse on policy transformation by offering a conceptual framework for rethinking general education policy in higher education.
Student motivation is frequently an issue in general music classrooms, and many long-standing theories designed to increase motivation have the opposite effect. This article introduces Self-Determination Theory, first developed by Edward Deci and Richard Ryan, as a theory of human motivation. A key element of Self-Determination Theory is the concept of three basic human psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. This article details each need and provides suggestions for direct applications to the general music classroom. Through the fulfillment of these needs, teachers can encourage and support a students’ engagement in musical activities and personal growth.
This study aims to explore the determinants of the students’ outcomes of general education. For this purpose, this study measured the outcomes of general education using four sub-areas with the “The Evaluation Tool for Students’ Outcomes in General Education” and investigated the priorities and interactions among the factors by entering independent variables related to general education, such as taking the general education curriculum, the satisfaction with general education, self-regulated learning, and the happiness in decision tree analysis. The analysis data were collected by random sampling from students at four-year universities nationwide and through an online survey, and data from a total of 671 students’ responses were analyzed. The main results of the decision tree analysis are as follows. First, the most important determinant of the outcomes of overall general education, humanistic value establishment, and creative problem-solving ability performance is ‘learning management’ or ‘self-regulated learning’. Second, the most important determinant of the outcomes of the pursuit of scientific value is whether the students took ‘Natural Sciences’ classes. Third, the most important determinant of the outcomes of knowledge was convergence ability. Fourth, there were differences between the determinants of the outcomes of general education (overall) and those of the four sub-areas. Effective measures for improving the outcomes of general education were proposed according to the research results.
The intelligent programming analysis system based on Internet has attracted more and more attention in the field of education management. The problem of how to flexibly master the application capabilities of intelligent programming and development tools, debugging and optimizing programs, and project deployment is becoming more and more serious. Based on the intelligent programming analysis method, this paper systematically introduces the research and design process of education management model and designs modules such as distributed parallel PhpDig, information analyzer, and information resource database. The system adopts client/middleware/server (C/M/S) three-tier architecture planning and design. The server-side carries the resource manager, the middleware carries the intelligent work tasks (information analyzer, resource collection agent), and the client implements user interaction and data representation solves the storage load problem of a large amount of data. The experimental results show that the semantic processing of search object attributes can improve the retrieval performance, and the retrieval rate and tolerance factor reach 87.6% and 0.041, respectively, which effectively promotes the integration of the analysis data on the chain level and the education system.
Fereshteh Mirzaei, Ali Delavar, Fatemeh Ghaemi
et al.
Background and aims: Marital relationships are one of the most important elements in strengthening the family foundation. Resilience, mental health, and social support can be important variables in preventing marital boredom. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of resilience in the relationship of mental health and perceived social support with marital boredom in infertile women.
Methods: The present study was a correlational and structural equation modeling type. The statistical population included infertile women referring to the infertility ward of a hospital in Tehran in 2019-2020. Through available sampling, 361 people were selected to participate in the study. The couple burnout measure, the resilience questionnaire, the perceived social support questionnaire, and the general health questionnaire were used to collect data. In the present study, Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data.
Results: There is a significant negative relationship between general health (0.56), social support (0.55), and resilience (0.61) with marital boredom at the level of 0.01. Also, resilience had a mediating role in the relationship of mental health and perceived social support with marital boredom in infertile women (p<0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results, the individual resilience as a moderating variable has a positive effect on the relationship between mental health and marital boredom in infertile women. In other words, mental health at high levels of resilience predicts a reduction in marital boredom.
Paulina Pisaniak,1 Aleksander Tarczon,1 Milena Konarska,2 Dorota Ozga3 1Emergency Medical Services Scientific Circle, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland; 2Department of Pathophysiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia; 3College of Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, PolandCorrespondence: Dorota Ozga Tel +48 575 781 979Email gdozga@poczta.fmBackground and Objectives: Despite the fact that vaccines save many lives worldwide, in many countries, including Poland, the percentage of unvaccinated children is constantly growing. The main reasons for low immunisation coverage include parents’ concerns about the safety of vaccines, their fears related to possible adverse events following vaccination, and the increasingly powerful activity of anti-vaccine movements. It is necessary to monitor the public’s attitudes to vaccination in order to implement appropriate solutions to prevent a resurgence of epidemics. The aim of the study was to assess Polish parents’ opinions about and awareness of immunisation-related issues.Methods: The study, based on an online survey, investigated Polish mothers’ attitudes towards the use of vaccines, their opinions regarding the sanctions for a failure to vaccinate a child, and the correlations between the result and the socio-demographic characteristics.Results: A total of 646 responses were collected, including 593 from mothers from general-interest groups and 53 from anti-vax groups. Differences were identified in vaccination coverage among children of respondents from general-interest groups and anti-vax groups. The findings show that the respondents from anti-vax groups stopped vaccinating more often due to vaccine adverse events and inadequate response from doctors.Conclusion: Most of the respondents are aware of anti-vaccine movements and have a negative attitude to them, but these movements still influence the public. Also, the findings show a correlation between the level of education and a general attitude to immunisation – people with higher education more often have a negative opinion on this matter.Keywords: immunisation, social media, vaccine adverse events, anti-vaccine movement
Entender a simbologia usada no século XIII, por Ramon LLull (1232-1316), é compreender um pouco sobre as necessidades que os homens viviam e que os levavam a explorar a racionalidade. Logo, a nossa questão é a de analisar a prioridade do conhecimento como questão central da formação humana. Pretendemos fazer uma reflexão sobre a obra de Llull para compreender sobre o papel de quem ensina e a importância da transformação do discurso na ação/prática.