Todor Antić, Giuseppe Liotta, Tomáš Masařík
et al.
Recently, there has been interest in representing single graphs by multiple drawings; for example, using graph stories, storyplans, or uncrossed collections. In this paper, we apply this idea to orthogonal graph drawing. Due to the orthogonal drawing style, we focus on 4-graphs, that is, graphs of maximum degree 4. We restrict ourselves to plane graphs, that is, planar graphs whose embedding is fixed. Our goal is to represent any plane 4-graph $G$ by an unbent collection, that is, a collection of orthogonal drawings of $G$ that adhere to the embedding of $G$ and ensure that each edge of $G$ is drawn without bends in at least one of the drawings. We investigate two objectives. First, we consider minimizing the number of drawings in an unbent collection. We prove that every plane 4-graph can be represented by a collection with at most three drawings, which is tight. We also give necessary and sufficient conditions for a graph to admit an unbent collection of size $2$. Second, we consider minimizing the total number of bends over all drawings in an unbent collection. We show that this problem is NP-hard and give a 3-approximation algorithm. For the special case of plane triconnected cubic graphs, we show how to compute minimum-bend collections in linear time.
The growing scale of large language models (LLMs) has intensified demands on computation and memory, making efficient inference a key challenge. While sparsity can reduce these costs, existing design space exploration (DSE) frameworks often overlook compression formats, a key factor for leveraging sparsity on accelerators. This paper proposes SnipSnap, a joint compression format and dataflow co-optimization framework for efficient sparse LLM accelerator design. SnipSnap introduces: (1) a hierarchical compression format encoding to expand the design space; (2) an adaptive compression engine for selecting formats under diverse sparsity; and (3) a progressive co-search workflow that jointly optimizes dataflow and compression formats. SnipSnap achieves 18.24% average memory energy savings via format optimization, along with 2248.3$\times$ and 21.0$\times$ speedups over Sparseloop and DiMO-Sparse frameworks, respectively.
We initiate the study of extremal problems about faces in convex rectilinear drawings of~$K_n$, that is, drawings where vertices are represented by points in the plane in convex position and edges by line segments between the points representing the end-vertices. We show that if a convex rectilinear drawing of $K_n$ does not contain a common interior point of at least three edges, then there is always a face forming a convex 5-gon while there are such drawings without any face forming a convex $k$-gon with $k \geq 6$. A convex rectilinear drawing of $K_n$ is \emph{regular} if its vertices correspond to vertices of a regular convex $n$-gon. We characterize positive integers $n$ for which regular drawings of $K_n$ contain a face forming a convex 5-gon. To our knowledge, this type of problems has not been considered in the literature before and so we also pose several new natural open problems.
El presente ensayo es una reflexión sobre la relación conceptual que se establece entre la disciplina del diseño y las teorías de la diferencia del ámbito de la filosofía. Evidencia una relación conceptual directa y abre vías de reflexión sobre la actual docencia del diseño en las universidades contraponiendo la profesionalización de las enseñanzas como respuesta al imperante mercado capitalista y el potencial valor de cambio social al que se puede llegar a través de las prácticas de diseño. A través de los conceptos de diferencia, disciplina y poder leídos de forma transversal desde la filosofía a través del diseño se reflexiona sobre el papel que puede o debe asumir el diseñador en la sociedad más allá del mercado de consumo.
Engineering design often involves representation in at least two levels of abstraction: the system-level, represented by lumped parameter models (LPMs), and the geometric-level, represented by distributed parameter models (DPMs). Functional design innovation commonly occurs at the system-level, followed by a geometric-level realization of functional LPM components. However, comparing these two levels in terms of behavioral outcomes can be challenging and time-consuming, leading to delays in design translations between system and mechanical engineers. In this paper, we propose a simulation-free scheme that compares LPMs and spatially-discretized DPMs based on their model specifications and behaviors of interest, regardless of modeling languages and numerical methods. We adopt a model order reduction (MOR) technique that a priori guarantees accuracy, stability, and convergence to improve the computational efficiency of large-scale models. Our approach is demonstrated through the model consistency analysis of several mechanical designs, showing its validity, efficiency, and generality. Our method provides a systematic way to compare system-level and geometric-level designs, improving reliability and facilitating design translation.
Frank Förster, Marta Romeo, Patrick Holthaus
et al.
Workshop proceedings of two co-located workshops "Working with Troubles and Failures in Conversation with Humans and Robots" (WTF 2023) and "Is CUI Design Ready Yet?", both of which were part of the ACM conference on conversational user interfaces 2023. WTF 23 aimed at bringing together researchers from human-robot interaction, dialogue systems, human-computer interaction, and conversation analysis. Despite all progress, robotic speech interfaces continue to be brittle in a number of ways and the experience of failure of such interfaces is commonplace amongst roboticists. However, the technical literature is positively skewed toward their good performance. The workshop aims to provide a platform for discussing communicative troubles and failures in human-robot interactions and related failures in non-robotic speech interfaces. Aims include a scrupulous investigation into communicative failures, to begin working on a taxonomy of such failures, and enable a preliminary discussion on possible mitigating strategies. Workshop website: https://sites.google.com/view/wtf2023/overview Is CUI Design Ready Yet? As CUIs become more prevalent in both academic research and the commercial market, it becomes more essential to design usable and adoptable CUIs. While research has been growing on the methods for designing CUIs for commercial use, there has been little discussion on the overall community practice of developing design resources to aid in practical CUI design. The aim of this workshop, therefore, is to bring the CUI community together to discuss the current practices for developing tools and resources for practical CUI design, the adoption (or non-adoption) of these tools and resources, and how these resources are utilized in the training and education of new CUI designers entering the field. Workshop website: https://speech-interaction.org/cui2023_design_workshop/index.html
У статті розглядається питання застосування принципів конструктивної геометрії у формотворчих практиках дизайну. Основна увага дослідження спрямована на прагнення підвести наукові основи під явище «геометризації» теорії методики формотворення та охарактеризувати її в контексті загальнонаукових тенденцій розвитку геометричних знань. Йдеться про ідею симетрії, про намагання піднести принцип симетрії у ранг основоположного принципу теорії конструктивної геометрії і методології формотворення взагалі. На прикладі робіт нідерланського художника-графіка Мауріца Корнеліса Ешера (1898–1972) – дерев’яних панно, виконаних у техніці інтарсії для ратуші м. Лейден, Нідерланди – проаналізовано формотворчі принципи синтезу графіки та конструктивної геометрії, серед яких: критичне сприйняття законів класичної перспективи; експерименти неевклідовою геометрією; дослідження та відображення образу нескінченності, перспективи, симетрії; структурно-симетричні перетворення; використання ефектів оптичних ілюзій, складні орнаментальні побудови. Зроблено такі висновки: 1. Неевклідові абстрактні геометричні перетворення є ефективним прийомом формотворчих практик дизайну. 2. Твори, виконані на основі синтезу художнього образу і геометрії, можуть бути не лише виразними самостійними зразками, а й невід’ємними елементами дизайну предметного середовища. Мета статті – виявити формотворчі принципи конструктивної геометрії та проаналізувати особливості їх застосування в дизайні. Методологія: для досягнення поставлених цілей було застосовано методи аналізу, синтезу, аналогії; методи образно-стилістичного та формального аналізу. Наукова новизна: вперше у системі сучасних мистецтвознавчих досліджень ідея симетрії трактується не в класичному розумінні, а з позицій формотворчих практик дизайну, які відводять поняттю симетрії роль універсального, всеосяжного принципу.
Para la animación española, 2022 ha sido celebrado como el año del reestreno de un filme prácticamente perdido y olvidado, aunque singular para su historia: Érase una vez…, largometraje dirigido por José Escobar y Alexandre Cirici Pellicer, que llevaba al cine la versión de La Cenicienta descrita por Charles Perrault. Su producción no solo supuso un esfuerzo ímprobo para el tejido industrial y artístico de la animación española, sino que padeció el sino de competir con La Cenicienta disneyana, obligando el llamado mago de Burbank a cambiar el título de la versión española. En las siguientes páginas, Luciano Berriatúa e Isabel Benavides, protagonistas de la recuperación del filme, narran los detalles de un arduo proceso que duró siete años, comprendiendo diferentes técnicas y procedimientos para aproximarse con rigor a la verdad histórica de Érase una vez…
One of the primary deficiencies in children with autism is the ability of symbolic thinking. For overcoming difficulties in understanding abstract concepts, recognizing the similarities and differences between objects, comprehending the whole and its parts, completing the missing pieces in a pattern, are the first skills necessary to be taught. In our present day, tablet computers are among the important accessible technologies in education and training. The study aims to focus on the supporting qualities and design criteria of tangible user interfaces (TUI) for practising matching skills, one of the basic skills that children with autism should acquire. Popularizing tablet computers in various teaching activities of children with autism is important in researches. As a methodology, a literature review was conducted to synthesize and summarize the results of studies on this subject. Regarding this, an evaluation of the supportive qualities of using devices with tangible interfaces and their components in teaching matching skills, one of the basic skills that children with autism should acquire in the preschool period, is presented in regard to user experience. First, the contribution of technological tools in teaching various skills to children with autism was evaluated. The qualities of the devices with TUI, the tablet computers in the context of accessible technology and the accompanying tangible widgets that would contribute teaching matching skills to children with autism were examined and the design criteria of these products have been revealed.
Penelitian ini membahas fenomena ruang konsumsi, dalam hal ini media luar ruang yang biasanya menjadi media untuk mengiklankan produk dan jasa, informasi event, iklan layanan masyarakat, maupun kepentingan kampanye politik, kini dimanfaatkan untuk membangun relasi keintiman seseorang dan menampilkannya kepada public. Salah satunya yang marak terjadi di Indonesia yakni menampilkan bentuk-bentuk keintiman melalui ucapan ulang tahun pada media billboard, baliho, dan media luar ruang lainnya yang ditujukan kepada pasangan maupun sahabat. Bentuk penelitian ini berupa pendekatan studi kasus dengan tiga korpus utama yang diteliti, yakni relasi keintiman yang dibangun dan ditampilkan melalui ucapan ulang tahun pada media luar ruang yang ditujukan untuk Delta Hesti, Arvy Rizaldy, dan Felicitas Noventa Adelia Putri. Adapun pendekatan teorinya menggunakan konsep spectacle yang digagas oleh Guy Debord (2002). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan adanya perubahan jaman, perkembangan teknologi dan media (dalam hal ini media luar ruang) menjadi tempat dan cara baru bagi masyarakat dalam memenuhi serta memunculkan bentuk-bentuk keintimannya, salah satunya dengan sewa pemasangan media luar ruang untuk memberi hadiah spesial berupa ucapan ulang tahun. Asumsi-asumsi ideal yang ditampilkan membawa masyarakat tontonan pada gambaran ideal tentang bagaimana bentuk hubungan dengan pasangan atau sahabat yang ideal dipertontonkan dengan cara berbeda, yang sekaligus merupakan ajang pamer status sosial dan membuat seseorang merasa bahwa sesungguhnya kesejatian hidup didapat ketika menjadi pusat perhatian.
David Eppstein, Daniel Frishberg, Martha C. Osegueda
We characterize the triples of interior angles that are possible in non-self-crossing triangles with circular-arc sides, and we prove that a given cyclic sequence of angles can be realized by a non-self-crossing polygon with circular-arc sides whenever all angles are at most pi. As a consequence of these results, we prove that every cactus has a planar Lombardi drawing (a drawing with edges depicted as circular arcs, meeting at equal angles at each vertex) for its natural embedding in which every cycle of the cactus is a face of the drawing. However, there exist planar embeddings of cacti that do not have planar Lombardi drawings.
In this interview, Bray discusses the possibilities offered by a situated approach to the history (or histories) of techniques and technology in order to challenge hegemonic Eurocentric teleologies that surround it. From her research on Imperial China, Bray explains how an interwoven approach mixing gender studies, feminism, and an anthropological point of view could contribute analytically and methodologically to the History of Technology, in order to expand its margins beyond its recurring modern and binary tales.
The National School of Electricity was an ambitious educational program envisioned to foster the implementation of an electricity network in Peru in the early decades of the 20th century. By merging the programs of two entities (The School of Arts and Crafts and The School of Engineering) into one institution, the promoters of the National School of Electricity aimed to train future local experts and technicians in the most advanced techniques from the Global North. The analysis of interviews, press releases, and the work of its main promoter (Emilio F. Guarini), as well as other materials and resources, allows us to contend that the National School of Electricity exemplifies the structural social fissures that obstructed the country’s modernization programs. Although the project did not come to fruition, it highlights certain aspects (and the limits) of technical education and institutional culture that privileged an aggressive technological modernization over Peruvian nationals’ well-being, especially those in rural areas.
Ferris wheel is one amusement playground that resembles a giant spinning wheel. Many students are familiar with the Ferris wheel in the mini version of it at night market festivals. This is the potential for learning mathematics. Furthermore, there is a mathematical learning approach called Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education (IRME) where students learn with contexts which are close to students' life as starting points. Therefore, this study aims to design a learning trajectory using the IRME approach with the Ferris wheel as the context in the learning process to support students' understanding of the learning about circles. The research method is design research that consists of three stages: preliminary design, design experiments, and retrospective analysis. The subjects were 20 eighth-grade students from one of the private Junior High School in Yogyakarta. The instruments used are videos to see the learning process and when students work on the given problems, photos to refer the results of student work, and written test in worksheets to get the data on student's work. The research result explores the learning trajectory practiced using the Ferris wheel as the context seen in the student's daily activities. The learning trajectory consists of four events, namely assembling the Ferris wheel, drawing an illustration of the Ferris wheel, making a list of the circle parts, and solving a problem related to the parts of the circle. Lastly, this study shows that learning trajectory activities have essential roles in supporting students' understanding of the concept of a circle.
A survey of enumeration problems arising from the study of graphs formed when the edges of a polygon are marked with evenly spaced points and every pair of points is joined by a line. A few of these problems have been solved, a classical example being the the graph K_n formed when all pairs of vertices of a regular n-gon are joined by chords, which was analyzed by Poonen and Rubinstein in 1998. Most of these problems are unsolved, however, and this two-part article provides data from a number of such problems as well as colored illustrations, which are often reminiscent of stained glass windows. The polygons considered include rectangles, hollow rectangles (or frames), triangles, pentagons, pentagrams, crosses, etc., as well as figures formed by drawing semicircles joining equally-spaced points on a line. %The paper ends with a brief discussion of the problem of how to %design aesthetically pleasing colorings for these graphs. This first part discusses rectangular grids. The 1 X n grids, or equally the graphs K_{n+1,n+1}, were studied by Legendre and Griffiths, and here we investigate the number of cells with a given number of edges and the number of nodes with a given degree. We have only partial results for the m X n rectangles, including upper bounds on the numbers of nodes and cells.
The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) is the next generation radio telescope. Aperture Arrays (AA) are considered for SKA-2 for frequencies up to 1.4 GHz (SKA-1 uses AAs up to 350 MHz). This document presents design considerations of this Mid-Frequency Aperture Array (MFAA) element and possible system architectures complying with the SKA-2 system requirements, combining high sensitivity with a superb survey speed. The architectural analyses has been submitted to the System Requirements Review of the MFAA element.
Motivated by the successful application of geometry to proving the Harary-Hill Conjecture for "pseudolinear" drawings of $K_n$, we introduce "pseudospherical" drawings of graphs. A spherical drawing of a graph $G$ is a drawing in the unit sphere $\mathbb{S}^2$ in which the vertices of $G$ are represented as points -- no three on a great circle -- and the edges of $G$ are shortest-arcs in $\mathbb{S}^2$ connecting pairs of vertices. Such a drawing has three properties: (1) every edge $e$ is contained in a simple closed curve $γ_e$ such that the only vertices in $γ_e$ are the ends of $e$; (2) if $e\ne f$, then $γ_e\capγ_f$ has precisely two crossings; and (3) if $e\ne f$, then $e$ intersects $γ_f$ at most once, either in a crossing or an end of $e$. We use Properties (1)--(3) to define a pseudospherical drawing of $G$. Our main result is that, for the complete graph, Properties (1)--(3) are equivalent to the same three properties but with "precisely two crossings" in (2) replaced by "at most two crossings". The proof requires a result in the geometric transversal theory of arrangements of pseudocircles. This is proved using the surprising result that the absence of special arcs ( coherent spirals) in an arrangement of simple closed curves characterizes the fact that any two curves in the arrangement have at most two crossings. Our studies provide the necessary ideas for exhibiting a drawing of $K_{10}$ that has no extension to an arrangement of pseudocircles and a drawing of $K_9$ that does extend to an arrangement of pseudocircles, but no such extension has all pairs of pseudocircles crossing twice.
We propose a flexible, co-creative framework bringing together multiple machine learning techniques to assist human users to efficiently produce effective creative designs. We demonstrate its potential with a perfume bottle design case study, including human evaluation and quantitative and qualitative analyses.
Array-based remote sensing has been influencing knowledge practices across many fields, from geology, military planning, and archaeology to landscape architecture and artistic research. These uses have been made possible by declassified image-data and the proliferation of sensing technologies, enabling myriad interpretations of a single landscape. Following a series of remotely-sensed landscape visualizations created via training and conversation with archaeologists, in this article I reflect on using satellite remote sensing for analyzing the impact of militarization on archaeological landscapes in Afghanistan. The article surveys techniques of image generation using exploratory practices that reveal how obscurity is overcome in the process of image interpretation and visualization. In doing so, it tackles the liminality of digital, image-like worlds where mediated perceptions of landscapes aid the creation of evidence for sites that are physically inaccessible to fieldwork. The entanglement of aesthetics and objective knowledge marks this foray into a landscape of data that is composed of digital, virtual, and computable surfaces with imaginations of territory, topography, and terrain that have a materiality of their own, despite being intangible.