Hasil untuk "Cities. Urban geography"

Laura M. González Foutel

Este artículo analiza las prácticas de cuidado en el colectivo travesti-trans como ejes constitutivos de esta comunidad en contextos de vulnerabilidad. Bajo el concepto de entrelazamiento (Barad) y en diálogo con autorxs como Butler y Scribano, se argumenta que el cuidado trasciende lo instrumental para convertirse en un proceso de creación y resistencia colectiva. Estas prácticas configuran entornos que posibilitan la afirmación identitaria y tensionan la relación entre lo corporal, lo vulnerable, lo precario a través de la interdependencia. Desde una perspectiva relacional (Haraway, Batthyány), se examina cómo estas redes forjan territorios de afección y militancia. Pese a la hostilidad estatal y la ausencia de políticas sensibles, estas experiencias encarnadas demuestran una potente capacidad organizativa que desafía las normas hegemónicas y crea nuevas formas de habitar lo social.

Zhang Wenbei, Lyu Yifan, Dai Liang et al.

Technology transfer is an important way to promote technology sharing, optimize resource allocation, and improve the levels of innovation and overall efficiency. Existing research on regional technology transfer primarily focuses on eastern and developed regions of China, such as the Yangtze River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao, and the Pearl River Delta; therefore, inland regions are relatively underreported. The middle reaches of the Yangtze River are one of China's five national-level urban agglomerations. There is a gap between academic attention to its technology transfer system and the practice of regional development planning and construction. Against this backdrop, this study collected patent transfer information from 2010 to 2021 from the IncoPat patent service website and constructed intercity technology transfer networks in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River for four periods. Based on the application of network analysis methods and temporal exponential random graph models, the structural evolution and driving mechanism of intercity technology transfer in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River were quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that: (1) Changsha and Wuhan were consistently at the core of regional technology transfer. After the release of the urban agglomeration development plan for the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanchang emerged as a new growth pole. The leading roles of Wuhan and Changsha in this region were primarily supported by technology diffusion, whereas Nanchang's technology diffusion and absorption were relatively balanced. The three central cities organized three technology transfer communities through a hub network-shaped structure that was highly coupled with provincial boundaries, and the inter-provincial technology flows were weak. (2) The intercity technology transfer network in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River gradually evolved to be characterized by both a core-periphery hierarchy and small-world clusters. However, the polarization of the network weakened, whereas the clustering coefficient and transfer efficiency increased. Moreover, the technology transfer paths present a stable trend with slight changes, suggesting incremental innovation. (3) Intercity technology transfers are not only affected by innovation size, intercity spatial distance, and the provincial boundary effect, but also by the endogenous mechanism of network self-organization. The reciprocity, activity, popularity, and hierarchical transitivity of intercity technology transfers positively affect network development, and the stability effect is stronger than the innovation effect in the network evolution process. Based on these findings, policy suggestions for optimizing technology transfer paths are proposed from the perspectives of promoting inter-provincial technology flows, enhancing spatial spillover and sector integration, and taking advantage of the network self-organizing laws of preferential attachment and clustering development. This study contributes to the literature by applying network econometric models for panel data to the analysis of the influential mechanism of innovation networks and corresponding the statistical properties of networks at different scales to the variable specification of endogenous and exogenous driving factors. Empirical research has verified the applicability of this analytical framework and methods in innovation geography, which could also provide new findings from the endogenous micro-mechanisms of the network to better understand the processes of intercity technology transfer.

Muriel Deparis, Nicolas Legay, Arthur Castellanos et al.

A challenge for urban ecology is to reduce biotic homogenisation by promoting plant diversity from local to city scales. As ecological and social components constantly interact in cities, an urban landscape characterisation reflecting socio-spatial functioning seems essential. However, spatially explicit description of cities at a relevant scale for urban planning are uncommon in ecological studies. Here, we explored a new approach based on the city-block scale, common in urban geography and planning, to directly link urban uses and patterns of herbaceous plant communities. We characterised all city blocks of a medium-sized French city (Blois). We inventoried grassland and meadows in 129 city blocks (10% of the whole city) for seven public and private urban uses (collective housing, individual housing, industrial, public service, park, land reserve, and road verge). We measured alpha diversity, community composition, regional originality of urban uses, and beta diversity between them. Urban land reserved for future development and parks harbour unique community composition within the city. Collective and individual housings have the same average alpha diversity, but the variability in community composition was higher for individual housing blocks. School and industrial city blocks have important alpha diversity and regional originality. Road verges have the highest alpha diversity but low regional originality and many common urban and regional species. Large green spaces with original communities should be protected during urban densification. The verticalization of residential housing could be an efficient means of internal urban densification if the lowest level of management intensity is promoted to maintain diversified vegetation. Some little-studied uses (schools, industrial city blocks) present opportunities to impede urban homogenisation.

Hanieh Ali Mirzaei, Ali Asghar Abdullahi, Hossein Ghazanfarpur

Introduction: Cities, as complex social, geographical, and economic phenomena, also represent a significant spatial phenomenon. In fact, a city is a spatial unit where politics and power are closely intertwined, and cities require policies for their development. The urban living environment necessitates extensive policymaking and development interventions. Data and Method: This research is of an applied development nature, utilizing a descriptive-analytical approach. Data for this study were collected from two sources: library resources and land use maps of Kerman city. These data were analyzed by transferring them to the ArcGIS software environment. To investigate and comprehend the level of dispersion, clustering, and expansion of Kerman city, as well as to understand its physical development pattern, various spatial statistical analysis methods were employed.Results: The findings indicate that the spatial distribution pattern of Kerman city is clustered, with a relatively low level of spatial clustering intensity. The city of Kerman highlights concentration in specific areas within the city, and it is not uniformly distributed across the city.Conclusion: The findings suggest that the development of Kerman city has been predominantly horizontal, with a continuous and dense development pattern in the city center. Results indicate that as we move from the city center towards the periphery, the spatial distribution pattern becomes more scattered. Development has also taken place beyond the old city walls and between the two northern and southern belts. Furthermore, some villages are practically considered urban areas due to their proximity to the city and are within the legal city limits, such as Taherabad in the west and Sarasiyab in the east of the city. These settlements exhibit a semi-urban and semi-rural character both in terms of spatial structure and the employment status of their residents.

Ioannis PANTELADIS, Maria TSIAPA

This paper examines the degree of synchronicity in business cycles in Greek regions associated with specific spatial and economic characteristics that explain, to a large extent, synchronisation dynamics. We conducted an analysis of almost 30 years’ (1980-2008) worth of data at the NUTSIII level (prefectures). We conclude that prefectures are more synchronised with the NUTSII regions than the national level, accentuating a regional (NUTSII) border effect. Moreover, the intensification of the integration process and the free operation of markets seem to diachronically affect the structural characteristics of the Greek regions and the geography of cyclical synchronisation. Our study revealed a two-stage integration in which in the first stage they are detected urbanisation economies, while in the second one localisation economies. The metropolitan region, apart from its prominent position in economic growth, shows a confined level of business synchronisation with the other regions, stressing Greece’s pattern of economic and structural dualism.

Mohammad Hossein Saraei, farzaneh dasta

Extended abstract:Introduction: Following the increasing expansion of cities and urban population, the demand for urban services is also increasing. One of the important services in cities is administrative service that meets the citizens’ daily needs. This type of service has been established by ministries and central organizations with the increase of the number of cities and urban population and consequently, the increase of citizens' service needs. On the other hand, fair and adequate distribution of disciplinary enforcement centers has an effective role in establishing security and tranquility in cities. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately identify the current situation in this field in order to create a more appropriate and equitable distribution of administrative-disciplinary spaces that are needed by today's societies. In this regard, the purpose of this article was to evaluate the spatial pattern of administrative-disciplinary services in Isfahan so as to achieve the effect of the administrative model of administrative-disciplinary services on the desirability of the functional radius of these services and assess the relationship between the spatial distribution of administrative-disciplinary services and population in the related areas. Methodology: This study was of an applied type based on the purpose and a descriptive-analytical research in nature and method. Data collection was based on the library method. After collecting the basic information and data, the spatial distribution of administrative-disciplinary enforcement services was firstly modeled by using the nearest neighborhood analysis method, local Moran index, global Moran index, and hot-spot analysis in Arc GIS software environment. Then, the effect of the spatial distribution pattern of these services on the desirability of their functional radius was evaluated in the same software by using fuzzy membership function. In the next step, by drawing the map of Isfahan neighborhoods in GeoDa software, the spatial autocorrelation of the variable population of Isfahan with the distribution of ​​administrative-disciplinary services in its neighborhoods was determined and analyzed by using Moran’s bivariate index.Discussion: The analysis of the nearest neighborhood showed that the administrative-disciplinary enforcement services in Isfahan were randomly distributed. According to the calculations of the global Moran coefficient, the administrative-disciplinary enforcement services were distributed in clusters in the neighborhoods with a probability of 99%. By calculating the local Moran for the neighborhoods of Isfahan, it was found that 3 neighborhoods in District 13 were significantly located at the High-High clustering level, which indicated establishment of the neighborhoods with more administrative-disciplinary enforcement services nearby and in clusters. One neighborhood in District 10 and one in District 14 were located at the High-Low level. These neighborhoods had a large number of administrative-disciplinary enforcement services, while being surrounded by less record-breaking neighbors. 3 neighborhoods in District 13, which were located at the Low-High clustering level, faced the lack of access to these services, while being adjacent to the neighborhoods with a better access. Other neighborhoods did not have a significant autocorrelation. According to the maps drawn through the hot-spot analysis, the neighborhoods and central areas, especially areas 1, 3, 5, and 6, had formed hot spots and moved to the outskirts of the city due to their high administrative-disciplinary services, especially area 9 and the northeast part of the city. Also, cold spots were forming, which indicated the lack of administrative-disciplinary enforcement services in these neighborhoods. Assessing the effectiveness of the spatial distribution model of these services on the desirability of the functional radius demonstrated the desirability of their functional radius in the central regions, as well as unfavorable areas and neighborhoods around the city. The desirability of the functional radius was in favor of the center but had caused a detriment to the surroundings. Moran’s bivariate index was applied to measure and evaluate the spatial autocorrelation, which showed very low probability of the spatial distribution of administrative-disciplinary enforcement services based on the variable population with low significance. Conclusion: In general, the results indicated that the spatial distribution of administrative-disciplinary enforcement services in the neighborhoods of Isfahan City was inappropriate in a way that the desirability of access to these services in the central areas was very high, while citizens in the suburbs were facing lack of access to these services. Therefore, it is necessary to consider programs and policies that eliminate this major spatial gap and establish spatial justice in the neighborhoods of Isfahan and ultimately social justice to cover the entire city. According to David Harvey, it is advisable to give extra services to the groups in need because they do not have a history of using these services and are not thus accustomed to them. This is especially true of municipal services for very poor groups, new immigrants, and the like. Hence, entitlement to the geographical framework would be allocation of additional resources to compensate for the social and natural problems of each region. Keywords: spatial justice, spatial distribution, administrative-disciplinary services, Isfahan neighborhood References- Ardeshiri, Ali, Ken Willis & Mahyar Ardeshiri (2018). Exploring preference homogeneity and heterogeneity for proximity to urban, public services, Cities, pp 1–13.- Boyne. A., Georg, Martin A. Powell (2002). Territoial Justice Spatial Justice and Local covernment Finance, University of Herhordshire & university of clamorgan.- Delbosec, A. and G., Currie (2011). Using Lorenz curves to assess public transport equity, Journal of Transport Geography, 19(6), 1252-1259.- Deniz, A. (2012). Measuring the satisfaction of citizens for the services given by the municipality: the case of Kirsehir municipality. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 32(24).- Dutta, v (2012). War on the Dream, How Land use Dynamic and Sprawling City Devour the Master Plan and Urban Suitability. A Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach, proceeded in 13th Global Development Conference Urbanisatio and Development: Delving Deeper into the Nexus, Budapest, hungary.- Getis Arthur, (2005). Spatial Pattern Analysis, Encyclopedia of Social Measurement, Volume 3.- Godillon, S (2011). Urban renewal – a vehicle for spatial justice in the face of traffic safety problems, js.1-10.- Harvey, David (1935). "Social Justice and the City", the translator: Farokh. Hesamyan and Mohammad Reza Haeri and Behrouz monadi zadeh, the company processing and urban planning, Winter 1997, page 271.- Herrera, F., & Herrera-Viedma, E. (2002). «Linguistic decision analysis: steps for solving decision problems under linguistic information», Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 115, 67–82.- Langford, M., Higgs, G., Radcliffe, J. While, S. (2008). Urban Population Distntution Models and Service Accessibility Estimation Compuers Environment and Urban System.- Laurent E (2011). Issues in environmental justice within the European Union, Ecological Economics, No. 70, 1846–1853.- Liao, Chin-Hsien, Chang, Hsueh-Sheng, Tsou, Ko-Wan (2009). Explore the spatial equity of urban public facility allocation based on sustainable development viewpoint, 14th International Conference on Urban Planning and Regional Development in the Information Society, Spain: Sitges, p 137-145.- Lorestani A., Yaghoubpour Z., Shirzadian R. (2016). Analysis of spatial distribution of Tehran Metropolis urban services using models of urban planning, Capital Urban Manage., 1(2). Pp 83-92.- Mitchel, G. and Norman, P. (2012). longitudinal environmental justice analysis: Co-evolution of environmental quality and deprivation in England, 1960–2007. Geoforum, No. 43, pp: 44-57.- Parry, Jahangeer A., Showkat A. Ganaie & M. Sultan Bhat (2018). GIS based land suitability analysis using AHP model for urban services planning in Srinagar and Jammu urban centers of J&K, India, Journal of Urban Management 7, pp 46-56.- Sohel Rana M. D (2009). Status of water use sanitation and hygienic condition of urban slums: A study on Rupsha Ferighat slum, Khulna", www.elsevier.com, pp. 322-328.- Tirband, Majid and Azani, Mehri (2012). Distribution of facilities and municipal services based on social justice, case study: Yasouj city, Journal of applied sociology, Issue 23, No46, p: 109-138.- Wiesel, Ilan, Liu Fanqi and Buckle Caitlin (2017). Locational disadvantage and the spatial distribution of government expenditure on urban infrastructure and services in metropolitan Sydney (1988–2015), Geographical Research, pp 1-13.- windner, Robert. (2009). Planning law primer, basics of variances planning commission journal. N6, p30-47.- Zhang Chaosheng, Lin Luo, Weilin Xu & Valerie Ledwith, (2008). Use of local Moran's I and GIS to identify pollution hotspots of Pb in urban soils of Galway, Ireland , Science of The Total Environment, Volume 398, Issues 1-3. Figures:- Figure 1: Map of the political situation of Isfahan in the city, province and country- Figure 2: Map of the central feature and directional distribution of administrative- disciplinary services in neighborhoods and areas of Isfahan- Figure 3: The pattern of distribution of administrative- disciplinary services in Isfahan city using the average nearest neighborhood analysis- Figure 4: The pattern of distribution of administrative- disciplinary services in the neighborhoods of Isfahan using Moran index- Figure 5: Spatial autocorrelation of Isfahan neighborhoods from the perspective of having administrative-disciplinary services- Figure 6: Analysis of hot and cold spots in neighborhoods of Isfahan from the perspective of administrative-disciplinary- Figure 7: Analysis of the desirability of the functional radius of administrative-disciplinary services in Isfahan based on the fuzzy membership method- Figure 8: Spatial autocorrelation diagram (local Moran) between of the population and the area of ​​ administrative- disciplinary services in Isfahan neighborhoods- Figure 9: Spatial autocorrelation map between the population and the area of ​​ administrative- disciplinary services in Isfahan neighborhoods

Omid Ali Kharazmi, Leila Johari, Amir Ali Kharazmi

Objective: Cities and urban spaces can be either positive or negative locations for children. Neighborhoods must ideally be social places for children so that they can easily state the principles of communities and cultures and exchange them with children. This research aimed to study the status quo and the effectiveness of each of CFC indicators in order to evaluate the life satisfaction in Mashhad, Iran. In this regard, we reviewed the CFC literature. Methods: This is an applied, descriptive survey researh. CFC's theoretical principles and literature were reviewed using the documentary studies. Then, the indicators were extracted and localized using the dimensions stated in the last UNICEF Report (2007) and valid sources in this regard. In the first stage, the status was reviewed by a field visit. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire in order to assess the status quo and the effectiveness of indicators from the perspective of parents with 6-12 year-old children and children in some child-based questions. The statistical population consisted of 13 Municipal Districts of Mashhad, Iran. Districts 1, 6, and 8 were selected as the sample using clustering based on the municipal income in 2014. District 1 represents rich class; District 8 shows semi-rich class; and District 6 represents poor class. Data were analyzed by SPSS. To assess the hypothesis, firstly Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test was used in order to test the normality of the data and then T. test, Tukey test and ANOVA were employed to review the current situation and the impact indicators as well as the gap analysis. Results:The results indicated that the effects of the following indicators were not significant in the formation of CFC in Mashhad: Participation in decision-making, health, education, and culture. According to the UNICEF standards, the results of the status quo also showed that all indicators were ranked medium or medium-to-low regardless of quantitative scale using field observations. The measures were among those for developing and developed countries. In quantitative assessment, all indicators were greater than the statistical standard (number 3) except for Playground and Green Spaces Conclusion: Promoting welfare and healthy city indicators in CFCs requires the participation of all agencies. Municipality as the coordinator between authorities and training and educational bodies can play a key role in this regard. Urban management has come to the conclusion that children are prioritized and municipality is an important part of this element. Without participation, the ultimate goal, which is the healthy society, is not fulfilled.

Milena Rincón Castellanos

Este texto fue escrito durante el estallido social en Chile, el pasado 18 en donde la exigencia del derecho a la vivienda es uno de los temas que está en el centro de esta convulsión social. El foco está en que las diferencias en el habitar quedan invisibilizadas en el discurso de la igualdad que subyace en el discurso de las políticas públicas.  Arquitectura sin piel representa la rebeldía misma del derecho a la vivienda, que también se desnuda y se une la manifestación. Esta manifestación apunta a una reconceptualización del derecho a la vivienda camina hacia la búsqueda de una nueva medida del mundo que, permita en el actual marco neoliberal operar con mayor resistencia y oposición a las acciones de política pública.

Abdolreza Azizi Fard, Issa Ebraahimzadeh, Mojtaba Rafieian

Objective: The purpose of this article is to analyze the role of government policies and market proximity on functional changes and decline of siroos neighborhood. Methods: The type of research is based on purpose, fundamental-cognitive and in terms of nature and method, qualitative-exploratory. Documentary-field research has been used to collect information. The statistical population includes relevant subject matter specialists, residents and owners, real estate agencies and market traders, who have been selected using the snowball technique. 25 experts related to the field of research, 42 residents and 38 owners of real estate agencies and market traders were interviewed. One-sample t-test and multivariate regression in SPSS software were used to analyze the data. Results:Out of 7 studied variables, the variable "How to acquire and destroy by the Reconstruction Company", with 16.7 and 83.3% frequency in the high and very high range, respectively, according to the respondents, had the highest level of impact on neighborhood decline. The components of "market entry and land use change" and "savings due to integration and proximity" are in the second and third ranks of impact and intervention in the decline of the neighborhood, respectively. The components of accumulation, landlord persuasion, rent and Gentrification were ranked next, respectively, in terms of the importance of their impact on neighborhood decline. Conclusion: Despite the numerous plans that have been prepared for the siroos neighborhood, the neighborhood has been physically and socially neglected, so that the interaction of government and market forces with the tools of politics and economy has led to the gradual decline of housing.

Çela Tomor, Ramadani Ibrahim

This paper evaluates the built area within “cadastral zones” (subdivisions of municipalities) in order to identify the expansion tendencies of settlements, with the aim of contributing to preventing future uncontrolled developments. Demographic growth always needs more construction so it is important to provide a spatial analysis of land use. The paper is focused on the expansion dynamics of built areas within cadastral zones due to rapid social and economic changes. The lack of researches for the Drenica region has affected land use, which has been unplanned and not-to-standard, and has not preserved agricultural land. In the last two decades – since 1999 – there has been considerable growth in the construction sector across all of Kosovo. Although, according to the spatial plan, property owners have the right to develop and use their own property in their own best interests, these regulations do not give them the right to work outside the legal framework of the local plan itself. Land use should be in full compliance with spatial plans, both national and local. This study will contribute to the sustainable urbanisation of settlements and preservation of agricultural land. The results of the study will also help to make important decisions for built areas, in also providing necessary recommendations for steps to be taken to have a land use based on common interests.

Jean-François Troin

Mateusz Długosz

Po przemianach ustrojowych Polski w latach 90. XX w., w aglomeracji wałbrzyskiej nastąpił kryzys lokalnej gospodarki, opartej dotąd głównie na górnictwie węgla kamiennego, który przyczynił się do ubytku ludności. Depopulacja ta zapoczątkowana w 1994 r., zachodzi obecnie w głównej mierze wskutek ubytku naturalnego i ujemnego salda migracji. Z analizowanego obszaru wyjeżdżają głównie ludzie młodzi, powodując zwiększenie udziału osób starszych w strukturze populacji i prowadząc do pogłębiania się procesu starzenia się ludności.

Iris Dzudzek

Mit spitzer Feder beschreibt Lucius Burckhardt in seinem Aufsatz „Wer plant die Planung?“ die konfligierenden Rationalitäten der am Planungsprozess beteiligten Akteure. Dabei zeigt er auf, wie „das Kräfteparallelogramm zwischen der regierenden Beamtenschaft, der Bauspekulation, der Bürgerschaft und den durch die beschlossenen Maßnahmen betroffenen Leute“ (S. 107) die „Übelstände der Stadt“ häufig verschlimmbessert. Es  fehle ein „strategisches Vorgehen“, das „dem Systemcharakter der Stadt angemessen“ (S. 113) wäre.

Nina Fraeser, Sarah Klosterkamp, Juliane Kühn et al.

Universität und Stadt als Orte der gesellschaftlichen Reproduktion sind durch Hierarchien, Herausforderungen und Zwänge gekennzeichnet, die einer feministisch solidarischen Praxis in vielerlei Hinsicht (diametral) entgegenstehen. Entlang der Diskussionen von Beispielen aktueller Reproduktionsverhältnisse und Bedingungen von Care-Arbeit, sowohl in der Akademie als auch in der Stadt, wollen wir mit diesem Beitrag Erfahrungen und Möglichkeiten besprechen, die während des Vernetzungstreffens „Feministische Geographien“ im April 2017 in Hamburg gemeinsam erprobt wurden.

Yuca Meubrink

In ihrem Sammelband Zoned Out! identifizieren Tom Angotti und Sylvia Morse zoning als eines der Planungsinstrumente, welches die historischen Muster ethnischer Diskriminierung und Segregation in New York bis heute immer wieder reproduziert hat. [...]

Andrea Bues

McKay Tracey M.

Bungee jumping is a global phenomenon and is an important sector of the adventure tourism market, acknowledged as an iconic form of hard adventure. Commercial operators are located in North and South America, Asia, Europe and Australasia. In Africa, commercial bungee jumping takes place in Uganda, Zambia and South Africa. This paper fills a gap in the international literature by firstly providing an overview of the global bungee industry, and secondly locating the South African bungee jumping sector within it. Thus, the supply side of the market is analysed geographically, with a focus on iconic, African and South African jump sites. The study found that bungee jumping takes on a similar form across the globe, notably, a high staff to client ratio; the need for strict safety measures; the provision of additional adventure activities on or near the site and the sale of souvenirs. The paper presents the hither to unknown commercial signature of bungee jumping. Finally, the case for South Africa’s commercial bungee jumping industry as a globally being globally competitive one is presented.

Holger Jahnke

Szajnowska-Wysocka Alicja