ObjectiveTransarterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus sorafenib has led to an increase in randomized controlled trials The efficacy and safety of sorafenib combined with TACE for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain controversial. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on this issue.MethodsA literature search was conducted by using online database: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wan-fang, with no language restrictions. A Meta-analysis was performed to calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for the efficacy and safety of sorafenib combined with TACE in the treatment of HCC. Review Manager 5.4 software was used for data analysis.ResultsA total of 19 randomized controlled trials involving 2,029 patients met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis, including sorafenib combined with TACE group (n=1023) and TACE group (n=1006). The results of meta-analysis showed that sorafenib combined with TACE had a better prognosis in partial response rate (PR) [OR = 1.58,95%CI (1.30,1.92), P < 0.00001] with low heterogeneity among studies (P = 0.67; I2 = 0%) and the objective response rate (ORR) [OR = 1.93, 95%CI (1.59,2.34), P < 0.00001] with low heterogeneity among studies (P = 0.42; I2 = 3%). The 12-month overall survival (OS) was also significantly increased by combination therapy [OR = 3.18, 95%CI (2.41,4.19), P < 0.00001]. In terms of safety, the incidences were significantly high in TACE plus sorafenib group compared to TACE group for hand-foot skin reaction OR = 4.48, 95%CI (3.28,6.13), P < 0.00001 and for abdominal pain or diarrhea OR = 3.10, 95%CI (2.24,4.29), P = 0.04. However, no significant difference was found in nausea or vomit [OR = 1.14,95%CI (0.81,1.59), P = 0.68] or fever [OR = 0.87, 95%CI (0.61,1.23), P = 0.87].ConclusionThe current comprehensive evidence suggests that sorafenib combined with TACE is more effective than TACE alone, especially for patients with intermediate-advanced and primary HCC.
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens
Lichao Guo, Alwi Nik Aloesnita Binti Nik Mohd, Mohamed Abdullah Adnan Bin
et al.
This article reviews existing literature on cross-linguistic influence (CLI) in additional language acquisition, focusing on how learners’ awareness of differences between their primary and target languages impacts their writing competence. The study has its special focus on intermediate-level language differences, specifically expression patterns and usage preferences, and their influence on Chinese English learners’ writing. A systematic search of recent studies (last 15 years) was conducted using Google Scholar and CNKI with keywords such as “cross-linguistic knowledge,” “negative transfer,” and “writing competence.” The findings highlight significant CLI at the intermediate level, particularly in areas such as conjunction use, sentence structure complexity, avoidance of passive voice, and word repetition. These challenges stem primarily from differences in expression patterns between Chinese and English. Contrastive Analysis (CA) emerges as an effective tool for predicting errors, tailoring teaching materials, and explaining linguistic phenomena. However, research remains limited on how to enhance cross-linguistic awareness, especially in relation to intermediate-level features such as hypotactic and paratactic structures. The study underscores the need for more quantitative and empirical research to develop cross-linguistic competence and refine pedagogical strategies. Further exploration is essential to better understand how language differences influence writing performance and to create effective instructional approaches that address intermediate-level CLI.
Special aspects of education, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation
Due to the differences in cultural background, social customs and religious beliefs between China and the United States, the languages of each country show their unique differences. This difference not only comes from the construction and ex-pression of the language itself, but also is deeply influenced by the cultural and historical background behind it, and different languages may produce different perspectives and interpretations when understanding and expressing the same thing. Rhetorical patterns, as an important part of language, can be analysed to explore the Chinese and American cultural differences behind them. Sitcoms were introduced to China in the 1990s and have now become an indispensable cultural form in modern entertainment life, and their dialogue relies on a variety of Figures of Speechs to set it off. This paper compares the two popular comedies Home With Kids and Growing Pains in China and the United States, and analyzes the most frequently used and representative rhetorical patterns, such as metaphor, euphe-mism and hyperbole, from the dialogues of the characters in the comedies, and gives the reasons for the differences behind them. By exploring the obstacles in cross-cultural communication, we can realise the harmonious communication of cross-cultural communication.
This article explores the religious interpretation of play philosophy across different historical periods and contexts, from ancient Greek thought to contemporary digital media. Drawing on the works of prominent philosophers such as Heraclitus, Plato, Nietzsche, Heidegger, and Huizinga, as well as recent scholarship on digital media and religion, the article examines the role of play in shaping religious thought, practice and experience. It consists of three main sections, focusing on divine play in ancient Greek philosophy, the religious connotations of the ‘playful order’ in the works of Nietzsche, Heidegger, and Huizinga, and the transformative potential of video games as a medium for religious expression and exploration.
Contribution: By synthesising diverse perspectives and examining the religious implications of play philosophy in various contexts, this study offers new insights into the relationship between the divine and humanity, and the significance of play in religious life. It also highlights the potential of digital media to provide innovative avenues for religious exploration, fostering a deeper understanding of the role of play in both historical and contemporary religious contexts.
Ma magától értetődőnek hat a buddhizmus alapítóját és kulcsfiguráját a Buddhaként említeni. A megvilágosodott Gotama remetének egyértelműen ez a legáltalánosabb és legelterjedtebb titulusa, függetlenül attól, hogy nyugati vagy keleti, vallásos vagy tudományos kontextusban kerül elő a név. A páli Tipiṭaka korai rétegei és a korai kínai fordítások azonban arra engednek következtetni, hogy ez nem volt mindig így. E tanulmány a fenti jelenséget eredményező folyamatot vizsgálja a páli Majjhima-, Saṃyutta- és Khuddaka-nikāya bizonyos részei, illetve egyes korai kínai buddhista fordítások segítségével.
Khatib Ahmad Khan, Danabekova Aigerim, Yansheng Wu
This study examines the impact of religious and educational freedoms on prosperity. The system GMM model is applied by using the data of 45 lower-, middle-, and high-income countries from 2009 to 2018. The results show that religious and academic freedoms are positively and statistically significantly associated with prosperity. It is revealed from the results that the lagged impact of both religious and education freedoms has a higher impact on prosperity than the current level of both variables. Interestingly, the interaction term between academic and religious freedom is also positive and statistically significant, indicating that their combined effect further increases prosperity. Further, the interaction term between government effectiveness and gross fixed capital formation is introduced. Its impact is positive and significant, indicating that capital investment positively affects prosperity in the case of higher government effectiveness. This study uses gross fixed capital formation and trade openness as control variables and these variables have a positive impact on prosperity, but the impact of trade openness on prosperity is insignificant. Thus, this study recommends religious and education freedom to achieve prosperity, especially in low-income countries that are already lagging.
Background: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a massive crisis to global public health. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are increasingly reported in COVID-19. The characteristics of laboratory findings of COVID-19 are critical for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Objectives: The study aimed to summarize laboratory features in COVID-19 with GI symptoms and non-GI symptoms. Design: This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis. Electronic literature searches were conducted for studies that included patients infected COVID-19 with GI symptoms and non-GI symptoms. GI symptoms included diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, and anorexia. This study used a random-effects model to assess pooled data. Data sources and methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science for studies through 31 October 2021, with no language restrictions. We used the following search terms: ‘COVID-19’ OR ‘2019-nCoV’ OR ‘SARS-CoV-2’ OR ‘coronavirus 2019’ OR ‘severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2’ OR ‘coronavirus’ OR ‘novel coronavirus’ OR ‘nCoV’ AND ‘gastrointestinal symptoms’ OR ‘digestive symptoms’ AND ‘clinical feature’ OR ‘clinical characteristics.’ Data mostly originated from Chinese and American studies. Results: Of 796 identified studies, 14 were eligible and were included in our analysis ( N = 8396 participants). Meta-analysis showed that GI symptoms group had an elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) [pooled mean difference (MD), 4.5 U/L; 95% confidence interval, [0.45, 8.55]; p = 0.03; I 2 = 87%]. No publication bias was detected by Begg’s and Egger’s regression test ( p = 0.130). COVID-19 with the GI symptoms also showed a trend toward decreased white blood cell count, lymphopenia, neutrophilia, thrombocytopenia and elevated total bilirubin. Conclusion: GI symptoms are common in COVID-19. No significant differences were found in most laboratory indicators except elevated ALT. Registration: CRD42020209039 (PROSPERO).
Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology
Il presente articolo illustra la storia dell’insegnamento della lingua italiana nella Repubblica Popolare Cinese, con particolare riferimento alle testimonianze raccolte dal 1962 al 2022 nel Dipartimento di italiano della Beijing Foreign Studies University, una delle prime università cinesi ad insegnare la lingua e la letteratura italiana. Utilizzando le fonti archivistiche dell’Ateneo e le fonti orali dei testimoni, l’autrice ricostruisce la storia del sopracitato Dipartimento in tre fasi, in stretto contatto con l’ambiente cinese e con il contesto del rapporto tra Italia e Cina, sottolineando in ogni fase gli aspetti connessi alle condizioni di ammissione degli studenti, della qualificazione dei docenti, dei lavori lessicografici, dei materiali didattici e delle metodologie glottodidattiche.
Teaching Italian language in the people’s republic of China: a case study at the department of Italian at Beijing foreign studies university between 1962 and 2022
This paper illustrates the history of Italian language teaching in the People’s Republic of China, with particular reference to evidence gathered from 1962 to 2022 at the Department of Italian at Beijing Foreign Studies University, one of the first Chinese universities to teach Italian language and literature. Using the archival sources of the University and the oral sources of witnesses, the author reconstructs the history of the aforementioned Department in three phases, in close contact with the Chinese environment and within the context of the relationship between Italy and China, emphasizing in each phase the aspects related to the conditions for the admission of students, the qualification of teachers, lexicographic works, teaching materials and language teaching methodologies.
Khon Konchog Gyalpo, the main disciple of Drogmi, founded a monastery at Sakya. It was this monastery that gave its name to the whole monastic order of Drogmi. Konchog was a member of the Khon clan, the family that went on to produce the successive abbots or chief lamas of Sakya who have continued as the heads of this order ever since. The succession of abbots within the family was established on the father-to-son or uncle-to-nephew pattern. In the instance of an abbot remaining celibate, it was his brother or a close relative who continued the family line and oversaw the monastery’s worldly affairs; when the abbot died, he was succeeded by one of his nephews. The Sakyas reached the summit of political power when Sakya Pandita and Phagpa won the confidence and favour of Mongolian khans. The Sakyas were appointed as regents of Tibet, whereby Tibet became subject to a single political authority for the first time after the collapse of the monarchy. The aim of this paper is to show the development of the Khon clan, how a minor aristocratic family was transformed into a significant power in Tibet in both historical and religious aspects, through the efforts of some prominent members of Khon family.
Csongor Barnabás (1923–2018) a Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetemen (később ELTE) magyar-olasz szakos volt, miközben Ligeti Lajosnál tanult kínai, török és mongol filológiát. 1948-tól az ELTE Kelet-ázsiai Tanszékén tanársegéd, majd adjunktus (1950) és docens (1962) lett. 1963 és 1983 között a tanszék vezetője volt, ahol 1991-től nyugdíjasként is sokáig tanított még.
This paper argues that you ‘have’ sluice is a variant of pseudosluicing, akin to shi ‘be’ sluice in Chinese. You sluice can be analyzed as a base-generated structure [pro you ‘have’ wh-phrase], consisting of a subject pro, a verb you ‘have’, and a wh-phrase, having nothing to do with movement and deletion. In this simple clause, the pro can either refer to a nominal antecedent or an event antecedent; you ‘have’ mainly denotes possessive or existential readings as well as extended attributive uses. This analysis further reveals how circum-phrase chule … yiwei ‘besides’ semantically and syntactically interacts with hai ‘still’ in you sluice to express else modification in English sluicing derived by movement and deletion.
BIRTALAN, ÁGNES (szerkesztő és bevezetés):
Gábor Bálint of Szentkatolna, A Romanized Grammar of the East- and WestMongolian Languages. With popular Chrestomathies of both Dialects.
(Budapest Oriental Reprints: Series B 3) Budapest, Library of the Hungarian
Academy of Sciences–Csoma de Kőrös Society 2009.
A Csoma-gyűjtemény első kötete egy rövid munka a függően keletkezés tanításáról, amely egy versből és a hozzá fűzött kommentárból áll. A verset a hagyomány Nāgārjunának tulajdonítja, a kommentár szerzősége azonban kérdéses. Ebben a cikkben bemutatjuk, hogy Csoma tanulmányaiban miként szerepel ez a munka és tantétel, továbbá elemezzük a függően keletkezés doktrínáját s közöljük a Csoma-gyűjteményben szereplő mű fordítását.