Hasil untuk "Biography"

Y. Lincoln, E. Guba

The Constructivist Credo is a set of foundational principles for those wishing to conduct social science research within the constructivist paradigm. They were distilled by Yvonna Lincoln and Egon Guba from their many writings on this topic and are provided in the form of 150 propositional statements. After Guba's death in 2008, the Credo was completed by Lincoln and is presented here. In addition to the key principles of constructivist thought, the volume also contains an introduction to constructivism, an intellectual biography and complete bibliography of Guba's work, and a case study using constructivism, showing how the paradigm can be applied to a research study.

Pilar Jiménez Quevedo, Ana Belén Cid Álvarez

Camino Bañuelos (Puebla de Alcocer, Badajoz, 1947) belongs to the pioneering generation of women physicians who transformed interventional cardiology in Spain. Her vocation was kindled in adolescence, inspired by her father’s stories, a health care worker during the Spanish Civil War. After overcoming academic and social barriers in an era when few women studied medicine, she began her career in the Madrid mountain range, where she is still remembered for her warmth and dedication. She soon entered the emerging field of interventional cardiology at Hospital Clínico San Carlos (Madrid, Spain) becoming a reference in cardiac catheterizations, valvuloplasties, and as a teacher of future specialists. In the first place, could you give us a brief overview of your biography? I was born in Extremadura (Spain) in 1947, into a family of public servants. I was the youngest of 3 siblings. My life seemed destined for a different path, but a failed exam opened the door to what would become my true vocation: medicine. When I was 14, my parents offered me a job at a bank in Toledo (Spain), provided that I passed the reválida—Spain’s national secondary school exam required for university admission—which ended up shaping my future. I failed it, but after...

A. E. A.E. Dunaev

Chronicles were a popular genre of urban literature of the late Middle Ages in the German-speaking area. Being a syncretic genre, they combined the canons of chancellery writing and stylistic patterns of traditional «world» chronicles and influenced the language of not only historiographical, but also a vast layer of informative texts. Some of the (urban) chronicles represent significant linguistic and historical-cultural monuments of the respective period. Such are, in particular, the Bernese Chronicle by D. Schilling (XV century) and the work of the same name by V. Anshelm (XVI century), dedicated to the Burgundian Wars (1474–1477). We consider Schilling’s chronicle to be a representative of a mainly militaristic type of discourse, Anshelm’s chronicle to be a polydiscursive type combining informational, political and, to a lesser extent, militaristic discourses. The purpose of the article is to analyze in comparison the military vocabulary used as the most important marker of military discourse, as well as the linguistic representation and interpretation of the war protagonists in both chronicles. In the article, methods of descriptive, contextual, and cognitive-semantic analysis are used for this purpose. This study is relevant both for historical genre studies and for clarifying the parameters of military discourse in diachrony. Although military vocabulary plays a significant role in Schilling’s chronicle due to the plentitude of battle scenes, however, it has not any evaluative character, but objective in nature and is not associated with any side of the conflict. Charles the Bold is portrayed by chroniclers as an arrogant and tyrannical ruler, but Schilling describes him in darker tones than Anshelm. Anshelm’s main puppeteer is Louis XI, who skillfully manipulated the Swiss. Both chroniclers gloss over Bern’s expansionist aspirations. The difference in the interpretation of events and their participants is due to both the biography of the authors and their individual intention – legitimization by Schilling and information by Anshelm

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Monographs on architects are a well-established and largely unquestioned format within the academic discipline of architectural history. This special issue examines the various motivations behind the writing of such works, along with the sources, media, and modes of presentation they employ, drawing on case studies from Central Europe. At the heart of this inquiry lies the question of who is considered 'worthy' of a monograph—an issue shaped by hegemonies of gender, origin, and religion. Ultimately, these investigations prompt a broader reflection on the processes through which the architectural canon is constructed.

Viktor Komarnytskyy

The article addresses the issue of the numerous inconsistencies and contradictions found in the David cycle in 1 Sam 14 – 1 Kings 2. Usually, exegetes tend to believe that the biography of the king, especially the section the ‘History of David’s rise to power’, shows traces of two legends of different origins, regardless of whether the figure actually existed in Israel’s history. However, after comparing the inconsistencies in the portrayal of the king, it can be concluded that the basis of the legends about David may have been a real historical figure of a certain warrior whose biography can be traced from 1 Sam 27 – a certain warrior from the Philistine city of Ziklag who conquered the heights of Hebron and may be considered the founder of the Judah statehood.

Irena Sever Globan, Marin Pavelić

Andrej Tarkovsky is a Russian film author who has indebted the entire world’s cinematography with his cinematic style. His (auto)biography and filmography give us a hint that he was a deeply religious man who believed that art should serve to deepen man’s spirituality. By watching and analyzing the author’s films, we came to the hypothesis that Tarkovsky uses the characters of children to express something supernatural, and therefore, we wanted to explore which narratives and stylistic devices the director uses to give his interpretation of the spiritual and transcendent. Thus, we analyzed nine characters of children that appear in the director’s six full-length feature films: Ivan Bondarev (<i>Ivan’s Childhood</i>), Boriska (<i>Andrei Rublev</i>), Aleksej, Ignat and Asafjev (<i>Mirror</i>), Marta (<i>Stalker</i>), Domenico’s son and Angela (<i>Nostalghia</i>), and Gossen (<i>The Sacrifice</i>). The methods we have used are qualitative content analysis, description, comparison, and synthesis. The characteristics we have noticed in the characters of the children, which could point to the transcendent, are a deep and penetrating gaze, the supernatural powers children use, the mysterious environments they inhabit, the deep influence they have on other characters, asking religious questions, hermit-like loneliness, modest clothes, and allusions to a Christ-like figure.

Shamsiddin Kh. Rizoev

The article examines the combined travelogue of Bukhara traveler, Jadid and doctor Mirzo Sirodjiddin Hakim - “Tuhafi ahli Bukhoro [Gifts to Bukharians].” The text written in Persian and published in 1912, with the permission of the imperial authorities in Bukhara, combines a wide range of lexical constructions of the modern era and traditional Arabic-language structures. The purpose of the article is to analyze the subjective ideas of Mirzo Sirodjiddin Hakim of Bukhara, the West, the East, and Russia. The structure of the article is determined by the need to reconstruct the biography of the author of the travelogue and, to identify the features of the social and cultural context that influenced the formation of his worldview. The “Tuhafi ahli Bukhoro” was used as the main source in the article, and while an additional book published in Tehran in 1990 on the text was used as an additional comparative source. The methodological basis of the research is through both biographical and post-colonial approaches. The author reveals that the ideas expressed by Mirzo Sirodjiddin Hakim are largely the result of the experience and practices acquired from his travels. These identified narratives, through which Hakim combined his own knowledge of regional cultures, uses Islamic rhetoric, as well as modern discourse to express an assessment of the position of the Islamic world in the context of rivalry with Christian civilization. Whereas Mirzo Sirojiddin Hakim considered Europe to be the ideal of a progressive society, he perceived Russia as a more important civilizer of the Asian peoples and believed that the progressive future of Bukhara needed to be closer associated with Russia.

Piotr Biliński, Zofia Zielińska

Stanisław Konarski (1700–1773) – a Piarist, playwright, poet, translator, publisher, publicist, reformer of education, and founder of the Collegium Nobilium; one of the most important personages of eighteenth-century Polish history. His earliest scientific biography was written by the Krakow historian Władysław Konopczyński in 1926. Based on Konopczyński’s Diary¸ this study presents a reconstruction of work on this important book and challenges surrounding its publication.

Kristina Wirtz

Cuban popular religious altars command attention with their elaborate presentations of statues, dolls, figurines, photographs, vessels, and offerings to a host of spirits and saints. The altar is cosmogenic: any given altar in all of its inventive particularity is a diagram that figures a world of relations between the living practitioner and the constellation of spirits who work with that practitioner. The concept of scopic regimentation, adapted from what Christian Metz (1975) and Martin Jay (1988) call the scopic regime, describes how the location, arrangement, and qualities of altars and their objects dynamically figure possibilities and tensions in developing spiritual relationships. Four dimensions of the altar’s work of scopic regimentation are described. First is the altar’s work as a prism, in which the altar’s objects refract general spiritual presence into distinct spirit figures. Second, the altar’s arrangement as a constellation diagrams multiple, complex relationalities among spirits as an image of the evolving spiritual biography of the altar’s owner. Third, the altar’s work as interface shapes multimodal communicative engagements between spirits and religious adherents. And fourth, the altar serves as an aperture in diagramming the limits of knowledge about spirits in its play between revelation and concealment.

MICHAŁ KOPCZYK

The article focuses on the self-creation dimension of the autobiographic narrative by Jan Tomasz Gross contained in his book …Long, Long Time Ago, More or Less Last Friday… (an example of talk literature). In his analysis, Kopczyk brings out the biographic models into which the authorprotagonist inscribes his life, paying attention to their relation with the Polish patriotic tradition, and romantic tradition in particular. In the fate of the protagonist, he perceives elements of “a typical romantic biography,” including the motif of mission and pilgrimage (for one’s homeland). The conclusion of the article suggests a relationship between Gross’s self-creation project and his work as a historian revealing the truth about the fates of Polish Jews during World War 2 and afterwards. Inscribing his own biography into “good models” alleviates what Gross perceives as personal consequences of disturbing the social taboo related to Polish people’s participation in the extermination of the Jewish minority.

Georgy Nefediev

Long-term relations with the Metner family influenced considerably on S.N. Durylin’s biography and creative work. Literary, musical, artistic, and philosophical interests of the brothers Metner expanded horizons and enlarged the field of Durylin’s creative endeavor in the early 1910s. Durylin’s works on Symbolism in literature and art, Richard Wagner, Francis of Assisi are closely connected with Emiliy Metner’s publishing house “Musaget”, as well as artistic coteries and the journal “Trudy i dni” (“Works and Days”) fostered by “Musatget”. Durylin was a home teacher of Andrey Saburov, brothers Metner’s nephew (Durylin’s poems devoted to A. Saburov are published herewith); later in 1920-1930s Andrey Saburov became Durylin’s close friend and assistant in Durylin’s studies in literary history. The paper is based on archived materials.

Nathalie Ponsard

Without seeking to be exhaustive, this paper offers an overview of the different ways in which workers’ autobiographies have been analysed in France in the human sciences. In the first phase, a social and political approach was dominant. Through workers’ autobiographies written in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, researchers have attempted to grasp the relationship to politics, and especially in the twentieth century the acceptance or rejection of the communist model in the reconstruction of their political and trade union trajectories. At the same time, in a cultural approach, they have tried to understand the educational and literary influences which marked these self-taught workers who, unusually in the workers’ world, crossed over from practices of reading to practices of writing. Over the last ten years, workers’ autobiographies have become sources particularly used in the framework of labour history and workers’ history. Indeed they make it possible to grasp how men and women articulate their working conditions: the atmosphere in the workshop, gestures in work and relations between the body and the work, perception of noises and smells, relationships with hierarchy and trade-unions. These autobiographies can be considered as constituting real “political acts” which contribute to class struggle. Finally, at the intersection of anthropological researches about “ordinary writings” and literary studies about the writing of work and writing at work, they pose a question about the means and the meaning of writing experiences by paying more attention to the form of the writings and to the workers’ literary ambitions, which are often revealed in interviews.

Muhammad Kudhori

The method which is used by theologian in hadi> th codification has a trend that changes from time to time. After third century of hijriyah, some theologians arrange hadi>th’s book using the method that has already taught to them before, but others have a different method. One of the methods which is dissimilar from others is hadi>th codification method or it is called Mu‘jam. Mu‘jam is a hadi> th codification typology that is based on the friend of the Prophet’s Musnad or the writer’s teacher that is arranged based on the alphabet. In some sample, it has seemed that Mu‘jam’s book also shows some friends of the Prophet’s biography before showing the history of them. Mu‘jam’s book is classified into two groups. They are Mu‘jam al-Shuyu>kh (based on teacher’s names) and Mu‘jam al-S{ah}a>bah (based on friends of the Prophet’s names). Commonly, there is some quality of hadi>th s in Mu‘jam’s books. There are s}ah}i>h}, h}asan, d}a‘i>f even mawd}u>’ (false). One of the benefits in Ma‘ajim’s book is as the main reference of Prophet’s Musnad hadi>th. It means continued until the Prophet himself and containing lots of hadi>th that is not found in al-Kutu>b al-Sittah. Moreover, Mu‘jam’s book is one of the main references to know the biography of S{ah}abat (friend’s Prophet), nasab (offspring), and their virtue.

Rafael Ramos

RESUMEN Se presentan cuatro documentos hasta ahora desconocidos sobre Pero Niño, datados entre 1404 y 1431, que arrojan luz sobre algunos episodios poco detallados o silenciados en El Victorial, la biografía caballeresca que le dedicó Gutierre Díaz de Games. PALABRAS CLAVE Pero Niño, Gutierre Díaz de Games, El Victorial. ABSTRACT This study presents four unknown documents about Pero Niño, dated between 1404 and 1431. They shed light on several episodes that are undetailed or silenced in El Victorial, the chivalric biography written by Gutierre Díaz de Games. KEYWORDS Pero Niño, Gutierre Díaz de Games, El Victorial.

I. A. Sharshov, L. N. Makarova, I. N. Borzykh

The forms and methods of students’ self-government organization contributing in professional education of students are analyzed in detail. The representation of students’ self-government as of social institute, having significant educational potential, realizing the special form of government which supposes the active participation of students in preparation and realization of management decisions: acquirement and development of professional-personal qualities: active inclusion in professional community and contribution to the construction of professional biography are presented. The specific possibilities of the following forms and methods are revealed: observing excursions, trainings, discursive conversations, analysis of concrete situations (the decision of professional tasks), the use of the example (public officers), independent tasks execution. The criteria basis is founded, which is necessary for estimation of the levels of professional politeness of students. Organizational-pragmatist criterion is revealed through quality indices: the ability to works with documents, planning and organization of work, control and self-control, strategy thinking. Social-communicative criterion contains the following qualities and indices: sociability, communicative control, business communication, situation modeling of communication. Qualities-indices of value criterion are: patriotic values, ethic rules, traditions of the collective, corporate culture and state service organs.

Janković Ivan

Toma Živanović (Thomas Givanovitch, 1884-1971) taught criminal law at Belgrade University (1909-1945). He obtained his LL.D. from the Sorbonne (1908) and did postdoctoral work in the Berlin Criminalistics Institute under Franz von Liszt (1908/9). In 1916-1918 he taught two courses at the Sorbonne, in which he developed two theoretical insights which were well received in the academia of the time. The first concerned a tripartite division of the fundamental notions in criminal law and the second a 'synthetic' philosophy of law. The paper contributes new data on Živanović's personality, life and work. Although recognized in Serbia as a leading international scholar and a victim of Communism, Živanović is also the subject of an oral tradition, initially developed by his colleagues and students, which remembers him as a selfish, stingy and rancorous individual, willing to do for money things that people with a more developed moral sense would not, and unwilling to help his students. The paper critically assesses this tradition and finds it to be true in some, but invented in other parts. Born to a family of an uneducated provincial artisan and burdened by a speech impediment, Živanović suffered from an inferiority complex, which thwarted his social integration. Eventually he entered the high society of the then Yugoslavia, partly because his marriage to an influential socialite. He was a noted member of the leading international associations in criminal law and philosophy and, together with Vespasiano Pella, Raphael Lemkin and several others, belonged to a 'select group' of European lawyers who dealt with issues of international criminal law and terrorism. After the Communist takeover in 1945, much of Živanović's family property was nationalized and he was forced to retire from the University. He did remain a member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences, through which he continued his research and writing, often travelling abroad to work in libraries and participate in international congresses. He published his three-volume Synthetic Philosophy of Law in Yugoslavia, but foreign publishers had lost interest in his work. In the last two decades of his life, Živanović became obsessed by what he perceived as the seminal importance of his earlier contributions. He regarded tripartition as a universally applicable 'discovery' (rather than an insight or a theoretical construct), to be used in all legal and many 'extra-legal' sciences (such as zoology and pedagogy). He believed that nearly all modern criminal codes were based on his tripartite theory and suspected a conspiracy of legal scholars to minimize or deny his authorship. Živanović's obsession gradually made him lose contact with reality. Twice, in 1960 and 1961, he nominated himself for the Nobel Prize in literature (it not being awarded for legal scholarship). Although Živanović was indeed an internationally recognized and prominent legal scholar before the Second World War, assessment of his significance prevailing in the Serbian literature is overstated, closer to his own delusional self-image than to reality.

Marieke Oprel

This article reviews three biographies of former Dutch prime ministers: wartime Prime Minister Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy (1885–1961), the first post-war Prime Minister Willem Schermerhorn (1894–1977) and the last volume of the biography of “vadertje” (daddy) Willem Drees (1886–1988). In this article, I will discuss the biographies of these three statesmen, all published in quick succession in 2014, as a case in point to investigate whether we can learn political or other lessons from former political leaders, and to reflect on the status quaestionis of political biographies as a genre.

Valeria Dumitrescu Micu

Abstract Curiosity has helped people discover vast areas of this world, wild at the beginning, tamed, populated and helpful afterwards, when fairly dealt with. Literature mirrors plenty of negative, painful examples of the process of “exploring” Africa along the centuries, much of it being skilfully revealed in J. Reader’s Biography of Africa. The current paper argues that in spite of the fact that some writers have drawn the audience’s attention to the unfairness of such intrusions, as Joseph Conrad did with his novella Heart of Darkness, the situation has worsened dramatically, affecting its people and its environment. My focus is on Tim Butcher’s Blood River, a colorful and vibrant account of what life is like nowadays in the same place on the African map where Mother Nature has challenged the humans ever since H.M. Stanley, well known explorer and journalist, made important discoveries in Africa, then started to establish the first trading stations in the Congo. All through the book, Butcher keeps looking for an answer which is still bothering him at the end of the journey, as well as many other people who are worried for the Congo. Rodney is one of the African scholars who attempt a plausible answer.

R. GOODWIN

Il documento è un contributo ad una serie di ricordi e riflessioni sulle esperienze professionali di   illustri economisti con  Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review iniziati nel 1979. In esso Richard Goodwin offre una retrospettiva sul suo sviluppo intellettuale . The paper is a contribution to a series of recollections and reflections on the professional experiences of distinguished economists which the Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review started in 1979. In it Richard Goodwin offers a retrospective on his intellectual development. JEL: B31, C00

Helene Martinsson-Wallin, Paul Wallin

In this paper, we discuss the easternmost material expression of the Funnel Beaker Culture – a megalith grave on the west coast of Gotland Island in the Baltic Sea. The people who built and used the megalith brought the Neolithic lifestyle to Gotland. The biography of this monument includes two excavations, of which we participated in the latest in 1984. Our osteological analysis confirms that some thirty individuals of both sexes and various ages were buried there. The structure of the monument is that of a rectangular dolmen. This paper discusses the discovery of this specific site, and explores the existence of this type of monument in a Gotland context. Furthermore, is this really the only megalith on Gotland, or are more of these structures yet to be recognised? Finally, one may ask if the Neolithic way of life really was successful on Gotland.