Hasil untuk "Bibliography. Library science. Information resources"

Alexandros Efstratiou, Giuseppe Russo, Luca Luceri

Online discussions of science involve complex interactions among experts, news media, and social media users as they interpret and disseminate scientific findings. While prior work has examined these actors in isolation, their interplay in shaping science communication remains poorly understood. Using the COVID-19 pandemic as a case study, we analyze 1.24M tweets and 211k news articles that reference pandemic-related scientific papers. We find that the most influential Twitter accounts in this discourse are predominantly individuals with medical or research credentials. However, we also identify a coordinated network that disproportionately amplifies a small set of prominent credentialed experts who advance contrarian, anti-consensus positions on vaccines, lockdowns, and related topics. The papers promoted by these influential actors substantially overlap with those covered by news media, but with key differences: pro-consensus experts primarily engage with studies featured by mainstream and medical outlets, whereas contrarian experts align more closely with papers promoted by low-quality, pseudoscientific, or conspiratorial sources. Notably, news outlets tend to report on scientific studies after they have been highlighted by social media superspreaders. Together, these findings reveal multi-level pathways of information flow and coordinated amplification structures that shape science communication across social media and news, offering new insights into the dynamics of the broader information ecosystem.

مرضیه احمدی, رقیه کریم زاده بایی, پدرام حاجی پور et al.

هدف: در سال­های اخیر، ارتباطات مستقیم ماهواره با تجهیزات هوشمند زمینی به­عنوان یکی از فناوری‌های نوین در حوزة ارتباطات ماهواره­ای، موردتوجه صنعت فضایی قرارگرفته است. تحلیل و بررسی این حوزه با بهره‌گیری از رویکرد علم­سنجی، یکی از روش‌های مؤثر برای ارزیابی ابعاد گوناگون این فناوری به شمار می‌آید. هدف این پژوهش، تحلیل علمی و ترسیم حوزه­های پیشرو و فعال در این فناوری بر پایه اطلاعات نمایه شده در پایگاه استنادی اسکوپوس طی سال­های 2011 تا 2024 است.روش‌شناسی: این پژوهش ازنظر هدف، کاربردی است و با بهره‌گیری از روش‌های رایج در مطالعات علم‌سنجی شامل شبکة هم‌واژگانی، شبکة هم‌نویسندگی و شبکة هم‌کشوری انجام‌شده است. جامعة آماری پژوهش‌، شامل تمامی مدارک علمی مرتبط با «فناوری‌ ارتباطات مستقیم ماهواره با تجهیزات هوشمند زمینی» است که در فاصلة سال‌های 2011 تا 2024 در پایگاه استنادی اسکوپوس نمایه شده­اند. درمجموع، 168 مدرک بازیابی شد که با استفاده از نرم­افزارهایی مانند ووس ‌ویوور و گفی مورد تحلیل‌های آماری قرار گرفتند و نقشه‌های مربوط به این حوزه ترسیم و مصورسازی شدند.یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان می‌دهد که روند تولیدات علمی در این حوزه از سال 2021 تا 2024 صعودی بوده و رشد چشمگیری داشته است. در این میان، کشور آلمان با انتشار 42 مدرک پژوهشی، به‌عنوان کشور برتر و دانشگاه بوندسوهر مونیخ هم به‌عنوان نهاد پیشرو شناسایی شده‌اند. همچنین، آندریاس کنوپ ­با انتشار 14 مقاله علمی، فعال‌ترین پژوهشگر این حوزه محسوب می‌شود.نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های پژوهش نشان‌دهندة اهمیت سایر فناوری­های نوین مانند نسل پنجم شبکة ارتباطی، اینترنت اشیا و هوش مصنوعی در توسعة زیرساخت­های ارتباطات ماهواره­ای هستند. علاوه بر این، در مسیر توسعه این فناوری، توجه به محدودیت­های طیف فرکانسی موردنظر و مدیریت تداخل، امری ضروری و اجتناب‌ناپذیر است.

Kaiyuan Tian, Linbo Qiao, Baihui Liu et al.

Scientific research faces high costs and inefficiencies with traditional methods, but the rise of deep learning and large language models (LLMs) offers innovative solutions. This survey reviews transformer-based LLM applications across scientific fields such as biology, medicine, chemistry, and meteorology, underscoring their role in advancing research. However, the continuous expansion of model size has led to significant memory demands, hindering further development and application of LLMs for science. This survey systematically reviews and categorizes memory-efficient pre-training techniques for large-scale transformers, including algorithm-level, system-level, and hardware-software co-optimization. Using AlphaFold 2 as an example, we demonstrate how tailored memory optimization methods can reduce storage needs while preserving prediction accuracy. By bridging model efficiency and scientific application needs, we hope to provide insights for scalable and cost-effective LLM training in AI for science.

Alejandro Borda, Julian Rincon, César Galindo

The Clifford group is efficiently classically simulable, and universality is obtained by supplementing it with non-Clifford resources. We determine which single-qudit gates suffice to achieve universality. We show that the structure of such resources is governed by the prime factorization of the qudit dimension $d$. Using the adjoint action on the space of complex trace-zero matrices, we relate density to irreducibility together with an infiniteness criterion, yielding a trichotomy based on the factorization of $d$. When $d$ is prime, any non-Clifford gate generates a dense subgroup of the determinant-one unitaries. If $d$ is a prime power, the adjoint action is reducible, and universality requires gates that couple the resulting invariant subspaces. For composite $d$ with pairwise coprime factors, generalized intra-qudit controlled-NOT gates connecting the factors already suffice. These findings suggest that ``composite architectures'' -- hybrid registers combining incommensurate dimensions -- offer a route to bypass the standard overhead associated with magic-state injection.

Anand D. Sarwate, Flavio P. Calmon, Oliver Kosut et al.

Since being proposed in 2006, differential privacy has become a standard method for quantifying certain risks in publishing or sharing analyses of sensitive data. At its heart, differential privacy measures risk in terms of the differences between probability distributions, which is a central topic in information theory. A differentially private algorithm is a channel between the underlying data and the output of the analysis. Seen in this way, the guarantees made by differential privacy can be understood in terms of properties of this channel. In this article we examine a few of the key connections between information theory and the formulation/application of differential privacy, giving an ``operational significance'' for relevant information measures.

Simona Inserra

Iryna Morozova, Olena Pozharytska

Artistic images of animal characters in beast stories studied through the prism of national mentality reveal specific animal-human concepts rooted in the readers’ mindsets. This essay focuses on the hare/rabbit as a popular character in animal tales, with an attempt to enhance intercultural relations in the Ukrainian/English world by explaining the peculiarities of the surrounding reality present in beast stories. The paper discloses similar and distinctive characteristics of animal stories on two levels, that is, by contrasting the author’s literary tale with the folk-tale, and by studying the collective image of hare in Ukrainian folk-tales against the background of Peter Rabbit from Beatrix Potter’s stories. The research does not dwell on the zoological peculiarities of the chosen animals or the Aesop fables, but highlights the psychological characteristics of the animals under study in the context of their “national identities”. The work results in disclosing a deep connection between games and animal tales; since both the storyteller’s and the audience’s mental work is based on the game-like perception of the virtual world of the story. The literary images of the hare/rabbit in Ukrainian and British tales differ radically. Ukrainian animals are presented as meek and subdued creatures relying on outside help and rarely (ranking sixth amongst animal protagonists) becoming the leading characters. In contrast, British bunnies are energetic and boisterous, trying their best to overcome any difficulties. The authors explain this fact by references to differences in the historical development of the two cultures under analysis.

Kieran A. Murphy, Dani S. Bassett

One of the fundamental steps toward understanding a complex system is identifying variation at the scale of the system's components that is most relevant to behavior on a macroscopic scale. Mutual information provides a natural means of linking variation across scales of a system due to its independence of functional relationship between observables. However, characterizing the manner in which information is distributed across a set of observables is computationally challenging and generally infeasible beyond a handful of measurements. Here we propose a practical and general methodology that uses machine learning to decompose the information contained in a set of measurements by jointly optimizing a lossy compression of each measurement. Guided by the distributed information bottleneck as a learning objective, the information decomposition identifies the variation in the measurements of the system state most relevant to specified macroscale behavior. We focus our analysis on two paradigmatic complex systems: a Boolean circuit and an amorphous material undergoing plastic deformation. In both examples, the large amount of entropy of the system state is decomposed, bit by bit, in terms of what is most related to macroscale behavior. The identification of meaningful variation in data, with the full generality brought by information theory, is made practical for studying the connection between micro- and macroscale structure in complex systems.

Brenden McCarthy

In this paper we examine practical applications of the Archipelago Commons software for science and technology libraries through the lens of a pilot project conducted within the Libraries at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 2021. This pilot project uses Archipelago for data curation, demonstrates Archipelago’s value for sci-tech library applications, and highlights the technology experimentation that occurs during system migrations. The pilot involved deployment of a local installation of Archipelago and use of the Archipelago Multi-Importer (AMI) to create a digital collection of engineering drawings. The pilot results demonstrate the value of Archipelago as a quick and lightweight “app” for any small sci-tech library that wants to showcase their digital collections or needs to quickly replace a legacy system. After this pilot we used the same approach detailed in this paper to migrate all 4,168 images from our old database to Archipelago.  We conclude that Archipelago has value to sci-tech libraries and can be scaled to GLAM institutions of any size, with data as simple or robust as necessary for an institution’s local needs.

Marco Antonio Peña-Chavez, Jorge Antonio Zacatecas Ibañez, Jorge Saenz-Mata et al.

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and possible toxicological potential of the infusions prepared from Ibervillea sonorae. For this, infusions were prepared from the root of I. sonorae, using the skin or the pulp. The antioxidant capacity of the infusions was evaluated through the ABTS and DPPH tests. While, the Artemia salina model, the MTT test using Vero and MCF-7 cells, and the Ames test were used to evaluate the possible toxicological potential. The results showed that I. sonorae peels were more lethal (60-80%) than pulp (<50%). Interestingly, I. sonorae pulp showed greater toxicity on Vero cells (IC50 = 222 µg / mL) than infusions made using the skins (IC50 = 379 µg / mL). Infusions of I. sonorae, either in the form of peel or pulp, showed high mutagenicity at 1000 and 500 µg/mL. The ingestion of infusions prepared from the I. sonorae plant could cause serious damage to health. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tecnociencia.v16i2.903

Andrea Mannocci, Ornella Irrera, Paolo Manghi

Authorship of scientific articles has profoundly changed from early science until now. While once upon a time a paper was authored by a handful of authors, scientific collaborations are much more prominent on average nowadays. As authorship (and citation) is essentially the primary reward mechanism according to the traditional research evaluation frameworks, it turned out to be a rather hot-button topic from which a significant portion of academic disputes stems. However, the novel Open Science practices could be an opportunity to disrupt such dynamics and diversify the credit of the different scientific contributors involved in the diverse phases of the lifecycle of the same research effort. In fact, a paper and research data (or software) contextually published could exhibit different authorship to give credit to the various contributors right where it feels most appropriate. As a preliminary study, in this paper, we leverage the wealth of information contained in Open Science Graphs, such as OpenAIRE, and conduct a focused analysis on a subset of publications with supplementary material drawn from the European Marine Science (MES) research community. The results are promising and suggest our hypothesis is worth exploring further as we registered in 22% of the cases substantial variations between the authors participating in the publication and the authors participating in the supplementary dataset (or software), thus posing the premises for a longitudinal, large-scale analysis of the phenomenon.

Hermann Kroll, Niklas Mainzer, Wolf-Tilo Balke

Designing keyword-based access paths is a common practice in digital libraries. They are easy to use and accepted by users and come with moderate costs for content providers. However, users usually have to break down the search into pieces if they search for stories of interest that are more complex than searching for a few keywords. After searching for every piece one by one, information must then be reassembled manually. In previous work we recommended narrative information access, i.e., users can precisely state their information needs as graph patterns called narratives. Then a system takes a narrative and searches for evidence for each of its parts. If the whole query, i.e., every part, can be bound against data, the narrative is considered plausible and, thus, the query is answered. But is it as easy as that? In this work we perform case studies to analyze the process of making a given narrative plausible. Therefore, we summarize conceptual problems and challenges to face. Moreover, we contribute a set of dimensions that must be considered when realizing narrative information access in digital libraries.

غيداء عبد الحفيظ شقدار

The study aims to know the current status of open data platforms in Saudigovernment’s universities and to analyze them according to standardized criteria.The comparison between them have done to know the extent of activation ofopen data and the similarities and differences among them. Therefore, thecontribution of this study is to develop them and provide the best model ofplatform open data among Saudi universities. The survey methodology was usedto survey 29 public universities in Saudi Arabia to know their effectiveness inopen data management.Furthermore, the analytical descriptive approach was used to describeand analyze open data platforms in Saudi government’s universities and thecomparative approach was used to compare them through the checklist anddirect observation. One of the most important results of this study is theavailability of open data platforms across 21 Saudi government’s universities.However, most of them achieve less than the average of the standard criteria ofevaluating the open data platforms.Six government’s universities in Saudi Arabia achieved intermediatepercentages in their open data platforms. These universities are the SaudiElectronic University, Tabuk University, King Abdulaziz University, King FaisalUniversity, Majma'a University, and Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University.The open data platform at Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University has the firstrank where it achieved the highest percentage of 66.7%.  The open data platforms at King Saud University and Najran Universityachieved 60.6%. However, al Baha open data platform received the lowestpercentage of 18.2%. In conclusion, open data portals in all Saudi publicuniversities have not achieved the completeness percentage and they shouldhave development. Consequently, the most important recommendations of thestudy are open data should be available in all sites of the Saudi governmentuniversities. In addition, all portals and open data platforms should havedevelopment to achieve the high percentage of completeness. Finally, increasethe awareness of open data and its importance through the open data platformsin the Saudi public universities

Curtis Brundy, Joel B. Thornton

INTRODUCTION This study will explore the issue of pricing opacity associated with prices paid by academic libraries that have recently unbundled from the Elsevier Big Deal journal package. Additionally, this study will provide metrics for assessing the fair market value (FMV) of unbundled journal packages. The pricing metrics will assist academic libraries in negotiations of subscription and open access agreements. METHODS Pricing information was gathered from five academic libraries. The data was analyzed to arrive at two key metrics (adjustment from list price and the average cost per journal) for establishing comparables, i.e., prices paid by similarly sized institutions, to assess the collective FMVs for unbundled Elsevier journal packages. RESULTS &amp; DISCUSSION The study results show that significant variations existed in the way institutions were charged for content. Additionally, the comparables show wide variations among institutions when measured by the overall adjustment from list price and the average cost per journal. CONCLUSION The pricing metrics developed in this study, adjustment from list price (ALP) and average cost per journal (ACJ), will help libraries assess their final net prices for individual journal subscriptions. The results will be useful to administrators, collection development personnel, and negotiating teams in understanding the prices paid by other institutions for unbundled journal packages to determine FMVs.

Birgitta Dresp-Langley

Information theory is concerned with the study of transmission, processing, extraction, and utilization of information. In its most abstract form, information is conceived as a means of resolving uncertainty. Shannon and Weaver (1949) were among the first to develop a conceptual framework for information theory. One of the key assumptions of the model is that uncertainty increases linearly with the amount of complexity (in bit units) of information transmitted or generated. A whole body of data from the cognitive neurosciences has shown since that the time of human response or action increases in a similar fashion as a function of information complexity. This paper will discuss some of the implications of what is known about the limitations of human information processing for the development of reliable Artificial Intelligence. It is concluded that novel conceptual frameworks are needed to inspire future studies on this complex problem space.

Stefan Nowicki

Celem artykułu jest omówienie najważniejszych elementów, mających wpływ na jakość materiałów dydaktycznych, a tym samym kształt i efektywność kursów e-learningowych. Wykorzystanie znajomości wyników badań związanych z procesami poznawczymi i motywacją osób uczących się oraz części składowych procesu dydaktycznego jest bowiem kluczowe w przygotowaniu wysokiej jakości materiałów, wspomagających osoby uczące się w utrzymaniu wysokiego poziomu motywacji i zaangażowania, co następnie przekłada się na jakość procesu kształcenia oraz wyniki uzyskiwane przez jego uczestników. Ma to największe znaczenie w przypadku projektowania kursów e-learningowych, w których zaangażowanie osób prowadzących, jak też interakcje między ich uczestnikami w mniejszym stopniu niż w przypadku kształcenia tradycyjnego mogą wpływać na zwiększenie motywacji osób uczących się.

د. عبد الله حمود مویهان

In this study, the researcher aims at identifying Strategic Planning inInformation Institutions in the State of Kuwait through conducting a questionnairefor this purpose. This questionnaire clarified the status of Strategic Planning inInformation Institutions in the State of Kuwait. Research population consisted ofemployees of libraries in Kuwait University (98) employees (males - females).The results showed that a percentage of 44.9 % of individuals see that thestrategic planning achieves the objectives of Information Institution and achievesthe library message. The researcher recommended that the InformationInstitutions in the State of Kuwait should determine the purposes of strategicplanning and correlate them to the purposes of Information Institution, alteringfrom the performance form to new performance form and involve all the institutionstaff in the planning process.Results1- Clarity of the concept of strategic planning for employees andcoaches in information institutions at Kuwait University.2- (20.4%) of the respondents believe that strategic planning is amethod for making crucial decisions within the library.3- A percentage (44.9%) of the respondents believe that strategicplanning achieves the goals of the information institution.4- It turns out that (55.1%) of the sample members support that there isto provide capabilities in university libraries and equipment toimplement strategic planning commensurate with the organizationalstructure.5- Library buildings at Kuwait University are appropriate in terms of areaand capabilities for implementing strategic planning.6- He sees (53.1%) of the study sample view that a senior managementbelieves in strategic planning and sees the readiness of theinformation institution in terms of all material and human resources.7- It is clear to us that the percentage (46.9%) of the communitymembers believe that those who carry out strategic planning within  the information institution are the efforts of the work teams, as thesenior management supports the work teams.8- Community members confirm that the study percentage (63.3%)indicates that the requirements for strategic planning requireparticipatory work within the information institution.9- (40.8%) believe that one of the benefits of strategic planning withinthe information institution is that it leads to improvement anddevelopment of workers' performance and works to rationalize thecorrect course during work.

Sant-Geronikolou, Stavroula, Martínez Ávila, Daniel

Objective. To collect the richly textured viewpoints of academic librarians and students on obstacles to library integration in institutional information systems, namely student success technologies and learning analytics. The aim is to contribute with an initial set of recurring themes to baseline knowledge on Spanish and Greek public university libraries' prospects of engaging in this new type of intervention. -- Methodology. Interviews were conducted between June and November 2016 in two universities in Spain and Greece and were continuously cross-checked against current literature on the academic climate in an interdisciplinary approach. This process helped to effectively outline a conceptual framework for understanding organisational forces and operational issues that could affect the process of connecting library use data to wider student support systems. -- Results. Interviewees' feedback revealed that the practical difficulties involved in systematically tracking in-library student activity workflows and connecting them with campus-wide or even interinstitutional learning analytics initiatives are only some of the operationalisation challenges. Infrastructural capacity-related considerations, the professional development of librarians, user control and strong teacher bias concerns are all high on the stakeholder list of inhibitors that, if they are not tackled, could eventually jeopardize a co-creation and service innovation opportunity of unique value. Easiness of use, voluntariness and feedback were reported among the main criteria with which library data integration in learning analytics systems must comply. A change in data collection practices, the active pursuit of stakeholder engagement and the reconsideration of existing resources, namely infrastructures and funding, were also given as major strategic priorities for the successful implementation of this type of intervention.

Diana Marcela Ramirez Bernal, Leticia Gorri Molina

Introdução: A pesquisa analisou a importância das competências exigidas para aplicação da gestão do conhecimento no Arquivo da Justiça do Trabalho de Londrina. Método: foi utilizado o estudo de caso, aplicando-se como fontes de evidência para coleta de dados o questionário com os servidores do Arquivo, observação direta e análise da documentação. Resultados: evidenciou-se que as atividades no Arquivo são rotineiras e muitas baseadas na legislação do judiciário, o que prejudica o desenvolvimento de ideias que criem um ambiente gerador de conhecimento. Em relação às competências comportamentais, verificou-se uma ordem de importância, apresentadas da mais para menos importante: autoconsciência, empatia, automotivação, autocontrole, e comunicação. Conclusão: embora os servidores desempenhem algumas das atividades voltadas à gestão do conhecimento, elas não são registradas, visto que o foco das atividades realizadas no Arquivo está voltado para ações relacionadas a normas e leis que regem tais atividades.

Mohammad Fathian, Hossein Sharifi, Faranaksadat Solat

This study examines how gamification mechanics could be used in online retailers' loyalty programs. In other words, this article attempts to create a conceptual model for the relationship between gamification mechanics and customer loyalty elements. We used a field study to conduct our research. In order to validate the survey, 450 customers from one of the greatest online stores in Iran were questioned. The results of this survey were used to validate our 11 phrases on the relationship between gamification mechanics and customer loyalty. The results were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis, and model fitness tests in structural equations modeled in the Lisrel software. According to the research findings, the relationship between variables and the proposed conceptual model was confirmed. Based on the performed analysis, all 11 phrases were verified<strong>.</strong>