Hasil untuk "Asian. Oriental"

Sotiris Kanellopoulos, Edouard Nemery, Christos Pergaminelis et al.

The concept of fair orientations in graphs was introduced by Christodoulou, Fiat, Koutsoupias, and Sgouritsa in 2023, naturally modeling fair division scenarios in which resources are only contested by neighbors. In this model, vertices represent agents and undirected edges represent goods; edges have to be oriented towards one of their endpoints, i.e., allocated to one of their adjacent agents. Although EFX orientations (envy-free up to any good) have been extensively studied in this setting, EF orientations (envy-free) remain unexplored. In this work, we initiate their study, mostly under the lens of parameterized complexity, presenting various tractable cases, hardness results, and parameterizations. Our results concern both simple graphs and multigraphs. Interestingly, many of our results transfer to EFX orientations, thus complementing and improving upon previous work; notably, we answer an open question regarding the structural parameterized complexity of the latter problem on graphs of polynomially-bounded valuations. We also show that EF orientations are tractable in cases in which EFX orientations are not, particularly for binary valuations. Lastly, we consider charity in the orientation setting, establishing algorithms for finding the minimum amount of edges that have to be removed from a graph in order for EF(X) orientations to exist.

Bhoomika Joshi

This paper examines the pictorial practices of landscape painting in colonial British art and the textual practice of colonial travel writing to examine the landscape aesthetics of remoteness in the Indian Himalayas. It argues that neither the ‘picturesque’ nor the ‘sublime’ genre of colonial landscape paintings can describe the representation of the marginalised geographies of the Indian Himalayas and the colonial impetus to engineer them. By offering a paradigm of the landscape aesthetics of remoteness, this paper demonstrates how remoteness is aesthetically reproduced in the colonial visual imagination, which informs the mapping, engineering and transformation of the Himalayan landscape. It examines the landscape aesthetics in the travelogue and its accompanying illustrations of aquatints in the works of James B. Fraser (1820a, b) and of the lithographs and accompanying text in the work of Thomas Daniell (c.1800) for the North-Western Himalayan region in India. The paper situates these representations of colonial landscape paintings in a broader study of ‘landscape and power’ (Mitchell 1994). It analyses the pictorial and textual practices through the dialectic of the ‘interior’ and the ‘frontier’ that produces the landscape aesthetic of remoteness and provides a new paradigm for studying landscapes and their representation.

Barbara Henning, Taisiya Leber, Ani Sargsyan

Camillo Brena, Elia Bruè, Alessandro Pigati

We study orientability in spaces with Ricci curvature bounded below. Building on the theory developed by Honda, we establish equivalent characterizations of orientability for Ricci limit and RCD spaces in terms of the orientability of their manifold part. We prove a new stability theorem and, as a corollary, we deduce that four-manifolds with Ricci curvature bounded below and volume non-collapsing are uniformly locally orientable. As a global counterpart of the latter, we show that four-manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature and Euclidean volume growth are orientable.

David Hecht

On his first day in Bhutan, the author remembers witnessing a sunrise and meeting monk Tenzin. They embark on a journey to a monk picnic, welcomed warmly by Buddhist nuns into a van. The author’s clumsy attempt to offer khadar causes laughter, but the accomplished master kindly corrects him. They enjoy a colorful feast, share laughter, and forget their ride home. Tenzin expresses gratitude, and the author reciprocates, walking back, shoes muddy but heart aglow. The author considers the sunset's promise of many more suns and moons to come in the Kingdom. A tale of friendship, laughter, humility and cultural exchange.

Schnitzlein, Babette, Taylor, Jon

The Library of Ashurbanipal is an archetype of standardisation in cuneiform. It has been seen as a collection of compositions whose text took the form of fixed, canonical versions on which modern reconstructions can best rely. The script used in the Library is so carefully controlled and standardised that it has been described as ‘typewriter’ script. An aspect that has received less attention is the typology of the tablets on which the standardised texts were written in this careful Library script. As the thousands of fragments into which the Library was shattered in antiquity are gradually pieced back together, the types of tablet in that collection are becoming more apparent. These types help us understand the nature of the tablets in antiquity, as well as the functioning and vision of the Library itself.

Pulung Adi Wicaksono, Poppy Febriana

Abstrak Orientalisme merupakan satu pandangan dunia Timur berdasarkan dunia Barat yang mengakibatkan adanya stereotip dan sentimen pada perempuan Asia. Di Asia juga terdapat industri yang memperburuk tentang stereotip perempuan Asia itu sendiri, yaitu industri hiburan Korea Selatan, K-pop. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tanda perjuangan perempuan pada Musik Video (MV) Lim Kim YELLOW. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan teori semiotika Charles Sanders Peirce dengan mengkaji makna tanda dalam MV Lim Kim YELLOW. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tiga jenis perjuangan yang ditemukan pada MV ini yaitu perlawanan terhadap orientalisme, perlawanan terhadap pandangan dan sentimen perempuan Asia, dan perlawanan patriarki. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah MV YELLOW merupakan bentuk dari kemarahan dan perjuangan seorang Lim Kim yang digambarkan pada setting tempat yang bernuansa oriental, penggunaan budaya tradisional berbagai negara Asia, serta lagu yang agresif yang seakan mengolok-ngolok.   Kata Kunci: musik video, orientalisme, patriarki, semiotika, stereotip, yellow     Abstract Orientalism is a Western perspective to see the Eastern world which results in Asian women stereotyping and sentiments. In Asia, there is an industry that exacerbates stereotypes of Asian women as well; the South Korean entertainment industry or K-pop. This research aims to determine the signs of women's struggle in MV "YELLOW" of Lim Kim. This research uses a qualitative approach and Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic theory by examining the meaning of signs in MV "YELLOW" of Lim Kim. The research results show three types of struggle found in this MV; resistance to Orientalism, resistance to the views and sentiments of Asian women, and resistance to patriarchy. This research concludes that the MV "YELLOW" is a form of Lim Kim's anger and struggle depicted in a setting of an oriental style; the use of traditional culture from various Asian countries, as well as an aggressive song that seems to be mocking.   Keywords: orientalism, patriarchy, semiotics, stereotypes, video music, yellow

Philip Bockholt, Hülya Çelik

Luciano E. Almeida, Douglas G. Macharet

This paper introduces an extension to the Orienteering Problem (OP), called Clustered Orienteering Problem with Subgroups (COPS). In this variant, nodes are arranged into subgroups, and the subgroups are organized into clusters. A reward is associated with each subgroup and is gained only if all of its nodes are visited; however, at most one subgroup can be visited per cluster. The objective is to maximize the total collected reward while attaining a travel budget. We show that our new formulation has the ability to model and solve two previous well-known variants, the Clustered Orienteering Problem (COP) and the Set Orienteering Problem (SOP), in addition to other scenarios introduced here. An Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation and a Tabu Search-based heuristic are proposed to solve the problem. Experimental results indicate that the ILP method can yield optimal solutions at the cost of time, whereas the metaheuristic produces comparable solutions within a more reasonable computational cost.

Jo Ziebritzki

Strzygowski’s art historical institute in Vienna was unique not only as a resource for the study of ‘Oriental’ art, but also in its gender-balance: between 37% and 54% of the graduates were women. This article takes the Strzygowskian graduates – women and men – as starting point to trace their professional trajectories in Vienna and the world. It pursues the twofold aim of combining a historical study with a critique of patriarchal patterns of historiography: Theoretically, the article deconstructs the ‘unconscious androcentrism’ of art historiography, which consists of linguistic and methodological patterns that reproduce patriarchy. The historical study then aims to reconstruct the history of the achievements of Vienna-trained art historians in the field of Asian and Islamic art history. Key question to the historical material is how gender, the Austrian university education, and religion intersected in specific local and temporal situations.

Alexander Balistreri, Mert Pekşen

Wentong Li, Yijie Chen, Kaixuan Hu et al.

In contrast to the generic object, aerial targets are often non-axis aligned with arbitrary orientations having the cluttered surroundings. Unlike the mainstreamed approaches regressing the bounding box orientations, this paper proposes an effective adaptive points learning approach to aerial object detection by taking advantage of the adaptive points representation, which is able to capture the geometric information of the arbitrary-oriented instances. To this end, three oriented conversion functions are presented to facilitate the classification and localization with accurate orientation. Moreover, we propose an effective quality assessment and sample assignment scheme for adaptive points learning toward choosing the representative oriented reppoints samples during training, which is able to capture the non-axis aligned features from adjacent objects or background noises. A spatial constraint is introduced to penalize the outlier points for roust adaptive learning. Experimental results on four challenging aerial datasets including DOTA, HRSC2016, UCAS-AOD and DIOR-R, demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed approach. The source code is availabel at: https://github.com/LiWentomng/OrientedRepPoints.

Erdoğan Aykaç

This article examines how Turkish parliamentarians continuously (re)shape Turkey’s identity and geopolitical role by using the metaphor of a bridge in parliamentary debates from 1988 to 2016. First, the article argues that parliamentarians use this metaphor in identity-formation processes to mediate between competing identities, thereby constituting Turkey’s liminal identity. Second, it illustrates how the bridge metaphor remained a dominant discourse even though parliamentarians constantly challenged and refilled the meaning of it. This constantly (re)shapes Turkey’s geopolitical role to function as a bridge between the West and East.

Jeanine Dağyeli

Jeevan R Sharma, Michael T Heneise

J. Gabriel Campbell, Jeffrey Y. Campbell, Prakriti Gurung

Veruschka Wagner

This contribution aims to investigate mobility in the context of Ottoman slavery. Mainly on the basis of seventeenth-century Istanbul court records, the study deals with the question of mobility by focusing on female household slaves in Ottoman Istanbul who originated from the Black Sea region. With a look at the actors who surrounded them, female slaves are analysed at different stages in their lives. These stages were marked by changes related to mobility. The entry as well as the exit from slavery meant a spatial and social mobility for the slave women. But even in the time in between, slave women remained mobile through aspects such as conversion and resale. This paper further shows that Ottoman slavery and the slave trade were part of the Transottoman context: it can be seen that spaces of interaction were created through the connections and exchanges of actors beyond the Ottoman Empire.

Julio Araujo, Alexandre Cezar, Carlos V. G. C. Lima et al.

An orientation $D$ of a graph $G=(V,E)$ is a digraph obtained from $G$ by replacing each edge by exactly one of the two possible arcs with the same end vertices. For each $v \in V(G)$, the indegree of $v$ in $D$, denoted by $d^-_D(v)$, is the number of arcs with head $v$ in $D$. An orientation $D$ of $G$ is proper if $d^-_D(u)\neq d^-_D(v)$, for all $uv\in E(G)$. An orientation with maximum indegree at most $k$ is called a $k$-orientation. The proper orientation number of $G$, denoted by $\overrightarrowχ(G)$, is the minimum integer $k$ such that $G$ admits a proper $k$-orientation. We prove that determining whether $\overrightarrowχ(G) \leq k$ is NP-complete for chordal graphs of bounded diameter, but can be solved in linear-time in the subclass of quasi-threshold graphs. When parameterizing by $k$, we argue that this problem is FPT for chordal graphs and argue that no polynomial kernel exists, unless $NP\subseteq coNP/\ poly$. We present a better kernel to the subclass of split graphs and a linear kernel to the class of cobipartite graphs. Concerning bounds, we prove tight upper bounds for subclasses of block graphs. We also present new families of trees having proper orientation number at most 2 and at most 3. Actually, we prove a general bound stating that any graph $G$ having no adjacent vertices of degree at least $c+1$ have proper orientation number at most $c$. This implies new classes of (outer)planar graphs with bounded proper orientation number. We also prove that maximal outerplanar graphs $G$ whose weak-dual is a path satisfy $\overrightarrowχ(G)\leq 13$. Finally, we present simple bounds to the classes of chordal claw-free graphs and cographs.

Wai-Tsun Yeung, Xiaohao Cai, Zizhen Liang et al.

The two-dimensional (2D) orientation field transform has been proved to be effective at enhancing 2D contours and curves in images by means of top-down processing. It, however, has no counterpart in three-dimensional (3D) images due to the extremely complicated orientation in 3D compared to 2D. Practically and theoretically, the demand and interest in 3D can only be increasing. In this work, we modularise the concept and generalise it to 3D curves. Different modular combinations are found to enhance curves to different extents and with different sensitivity to the packing of the 3D curves. In principle, the proposed 3D orientation field transform can naturally tackle any dimensions. As a special case, it is also ideal for 2D images, owning simpler methodology compared to the previous 2D orientation field transform. The proposed method is demonstrated with several transmission electron microscopy tomograms ranging from 2D curve enhancement to, the more important and interesting, 3D ones.

Ilan Adler, Jesús A. De Loera, Steven Klee et al.

Oriented matroids (often called order types) are combinatorial structures that generalize point configurations, vector configurations, hyperplane arrangements, polyhedra, linear programs, and directed graphs. Oriented matroids have played a key role in combinatorics, computational geometry, and optimization. This paper surveys prior work and presents an update on the search for bounds on the diameter of the cocircuit graph of an oriented matroid. We review the diameter problem and show the diameter bounds of general oriented matroids reduce to those of uniform oriented matroids. We give the latest exact bounds for oriented matroids of low rank and low corank, and for all oriented matroids with up to nine elements (this part required a large computer-based proof). The motivation for our investigations is the complexity of the simplex method and the criss-cross method. For arbitrary oriented matroids, we present an improvement to a quadratic bound of Finschi. Our discussion highlights two very important conjectures related to the polynomial Hirsch conjecture for polytope diameters.