ABSTRACT The thermal anomaly detection of building facades is critically important for the evaluation and upkeep of structures. While conventional methods are effective in numerous instances, their capability to discern flaws in complex environments is constrained. This research employs an optimized Vision Transformer (ViT) technology, enhanced by the Line Acquisition, Filtering, and Revision (LAFR) algorithm. By amalgamating the distinctive advantages of ViT’s attention-based mechanisms with the complementary data from thermal and visible imagery, this approach significantly bolsters the detection of thermal anomalies on building facades. The experimental outcomes reveal that our methodology, with an F1 score of 0.847, markedly surpasses traditional thermal imaging (F1 score of 0.466), showcasing its potential for precise anomaly detection in architectural contexts. This validates the method as a more robust and efficient solution for structural evaluation, promising to elevate the quality of architectural inspections and maintenance. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
The safety of civil engineering structures such as bridges and buildings is paramount, necessitating the early detection and repair of cracks to prevent structural failures. Traditional crack detection methods, including manual inspections and basic image processing, are often hampered by slow detection speeds and limited accuracy. This study explores the integration of advanced deep learning techniques, specifically MobileNetV2, enhanced through transfer learning, to improve the efficiency and accuracy of crack detection. The "Concrete Crack Images for Classification" dataset was employed, featuring 40,000 images from real-world scenarios. Our approach leverages the lightweight architecture of MobileNetV2 and the efficiency of transfer learning to create a robust model that not only reduces computational demands but also achieves high accuracy, with a validation accuracy rate of 99.38%. This paper details the model training, the innovative use of MobileNetV2, and comparative analyses with other deep learning models, demonstrating significant improvements over traditional methods. The findings underscore the potential of MobileNetV2 and transfer learning in practical applications, offering a promising avenue for future research in automated crack detection across various engineering fields.
PurposeThis study aims to obtain methods to identify and find the place of damage, which is one of the topics that has always been discussed in structural engineering. The cost of repairing and rehabilitating massive bridges and buildings is very high, highlighting the need to monitor the structures continuously. One way to track the structure's health is to check the cracks in the concrete. Meanwhile, the current methods of concrete crack detection have complex and heavy calculations.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents a new lightweight architecture based on deep learning for crack classification in concrete structures. The proposed architecture was identified and classified in less time and with higher accuracy than other traditional and valid architectures in crack detection. This paper used a standard dataset to detect two-class and multi-class cracks.FindingsResults show that two images were recognized with 99.53% accuracy based on the proposed method, and multi-class images were classified with 91% accuracy. The low execution time of the proposed architecture compared to other valid architectures in deep learning on the same hardware platform. The use of Adam's optimizer in this research had better performance than other optimizers.Originality/valueThis paper presents a framework based on a lightweight convolutional neural network for nondestructive monitoring of structural health to optimize the calculation costs and reduce execution time in processing.
de expansão da capital paraibana entre os séculos XIX e XX, com um acervo arquitetônico que retrata a evolução do modo de morar na urbe. Com a expansão da cidade no sentido da orla marítima, houve um processo de abandono do centro por seus antigos residentes que levou à mudança de usos do solo e ao esvaziamento e subutilização de imóveis. Nesse sentido, este artigo busca demonstrar o papel que tem o processo de esvaziamento do Centro Histórico de João Pessoa, enquanto fenômeno consequente da produção social do espaço, no comprometimento da integridade e conservação dos bens patrimoniais dos eixos tombados das antigas Rua das Trincheiras e Rua do Tambiá. Para tanto, investiu-se em pesquisa bibliográfica; na coleta e análise de dados a partir de levantamentos in loco; e no levantamento de dados fornecidos pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico do Estado da Paraíba e pela Prefeitura Municipal de João Pessoa. Assim, foi possível mapear e classificar os imóveis segundo categorias de vacância e avaliá-los conforme os indicadores adotados. Os resultados alcançados contribuem para um entendimento melhor da atual situação do patrimônio histórico-arquitetônico e das dinâmicas que envolvem a área central com vistas à sua preservação, além de alertar para a premência de cumprimento da função social de imóveis localizados em área provida de infraestrutura e com potencial de utilização.
Architectural engineering. Structural engineering of buildings
When discussing a new product, user-centered innovation plays an important role. By prioritizing the needs and preferences of the intended audience, companies can develop products that satisfy both functional and emotional requirements. The evolution of kitchen appliances highlights the influence of technological progress and changing lifestyles on product design, transitioning from basic constructions to smart devices connected to the internet. The purpose of this article is to present an innovative design for a multifunctional kitchen appliance, which combines two commonly used kitchen appliances, a bread toaster, and a sandwich maker. Our contribution lies in providing a multifunctional appliance that integrates sensory design, advanced technology, ergonomic design, and intuitive controls. Through strategic innovation management and a focus on user-centered design, this appliance represents a synthesis of utility, aesthetics, and sustainability. To achieve the objectives of this article, a detailed analysis of existing literature in the field was conducted.
Architectural engineering. Structural engineering of buildings, Engineering design
Biology provides plenty of examples on achieving complicated structures out of minimal numbers of building blocks. In contrast, structural complexity of designed molecular systems is achieved by increasing the numbers of component molecules. In this study, the component DNA strand assembles into a highly complex crystal structure via an unusual path of divergence and convergence. This assembly path suggests a route to minimalists for increasing structural complexity. The original purpose of this study is to engineer DNA crystals with high resolution, which is the primary motivation and a key objective for structural DNA nanotechnology. Despite great efforts in the last 40 years, engineered DNA crystals have not yet consistently reached resolution better than 2.5 Å, limiting their potential uses. Our research has shown that small, symmetrical building blocks generally lead to high resolution crystals. Herein, by following this principle, we report an engineered DNA crystal with unprecedented high resolution (2.17 Å) assembled from one single DNA component: an 8-base-long DNA strand. This system has three unique characteristics: (1) It has a very complex architecture, (2) the same DNA strand forms two different structural motifs, both of which are incorporated into the final crystal, and (3) the component DNA molecule is only an 8-base-long DNA strand, which is, arguably, the smallest DNA motif for DNA nanostructures to date. This high resolution opens the possibility of using these DNA crystals to precisely organize guest molecules at the Å level, which could stimulate a range of new investigations.
Abstract. Novel façade constructions and innovative load-bearing structures of the second half of the 20th century pose new challenges for maintenance and repair. The use of advanced technology, especially in High-Tech architecture, calls for the development of specific repair methods adapted to specific building materials and construction techniques. The conservation of these aging facades, often composed of custom-made metal components, requires the production of intricate spare parts to avoid unduly replacements. Digital fabrication presents a possible solution as it allows for the resource-efficient production of complex and non-planar geometries in small numbers while remaining cost-effective. The paper explores the use of photogrammetry and laser scanning to reverse engineer spare parts, as original plans are often missing or incomplete. A complete workflow for the fabrication of bespoke metal components is described using two examples of Swiss High-Tech architecture featuring challenging structural nodes and planar aluminum panels. Finally, the feasibility of remanufacturing spare parts is demonstrated with 3d-printed models.
Dmitrii V. Petrov, Aleksandr G. Yudov, Vladislav V. Dotsenko
et al.
The article presents the design of the architectural and artistic composition “Memorial stele on a local spherical support” (KB-1 Stele), as well as the analysis of design solutions and the calculated justification of the strength and stability of the KB-1 Stele to external influences in conditions of the most intense climatic influences with parameters set according to building codes and regulations. The design of the KB-1 Stele is a vertically installed overall mass model of a peaceful nuclear explosive device weighing 2.8 tons and 2.8 meters high with hemispherical covers. In accordance with the terms of reference, it was required to preserve the appearance of the device as accurately as possible by placing it on a small local support. The peculiarity of the design lies in its angular mobility relative to the support. To ensure a stable equilibrium state of the stele, a hinge is organized at the place of support, the stele is installed freely by the lower sphere on an intermediate stand with a specially selected spherical surface. Additionally, the center of mass of the stele is significantly reduced by lightening (thinning the walls) of the upper part of the body and installing additional cargo in its lower part. As a result, under the action of external lateral loads, the stele acquires a stable position with possible fluctuations in the tumbler type and with a return to its original state. Analytical and numerical computational studies were performed to substantiate the strength and stability of the KB-1 Stele under external loads. It is shown that the developed design meets the regulatory requirements and is safe in operation.
Architectural engineering. Structural engineering of buildings
India is known around the world for its diverse civilizations and mystical rituals. Scholars and philosophers of the time formed a century-old tradition in the depths of this culture. Despite a long history of being viewed as unscientific, scientists and doctors are now aware of the benefits of traditional Indian health care. Many investigations on traditional medicine and its apparently magical qualities in the treatment of terminal diseases are currently being done. Home remedies are used all around the world, but they are recognized as science in India only. Two traditional Indian medicinal traditions: Ayurveda and Siddha are progressively gaining traction in the global healthcare business. In this article, some of India’s most odd and effective medicinal practices, as well as the benefits of each therapy will be reviewed. Throughout history, traditional medicines were the only source of primary healthcare, and they made a substantial contribution. Knowledge of how to use medicinal plants to treat various ailments was highly valued by ancient cultures. Until the mid-nineteenth century, plants were the principal therapeutic agents used by humans, and they continue to play an important role in pharmaceutical formulations. Traditional medicine is used by around 80 percent of people in undeveloped countries for their primary health care needs because of its low prices, effectiveness, frequently restricted availability of modern medicine, and cultural and religious preferences. Plant research in the traditional system of medicine is becoming increasingly significant in the development of global healthcare and conservation efforts. Traditional medicine systems are being used to uncover biologically active chemicals that are useful to the pharmaceutical industry. To this end, as much information possible is presented about these areas in this article. There are a number of geographically specific traditional health behaviors and are well reviewed in this paper.
Prabhaskara Henry Ardhi, V.G. Sri Rejeki, Antonius Ardiyanto
The Kaliyasa River is a vital means for fishermen, especially traditional fishermen who live around the river. Since the construction of the Cilacap Fishing Port, many migrants started to settle and overtime the population crowded the area uncontrollably and marginalized. This study focused on the strategy of reorganizing fishermen’s settlements with a sustainable development and waterfront development approach as well as the regulation of PERMEN no. 28 of 2015, Descriptive-qualitative method has being used to explain the conditions in the study area, The data collection using desk study and field study methods, from the findings confirmed by the theory of waterfront and sustainable development in order to obtain the right reorganizing strategy. The result of this research is a settlement reorganizing strategy that applies the principle of waterfront development. This principle is applied through social aspects by creating open public spaces, piers placement, and public counseling about river border regulations. Environmental aspects with the arrangement of trash bins on the banks of the river as well as the establishment of waste management institution, management of green open spaces, and solution for illegal buildings in river bank areas. Economic aspects by improving dock infrastructure to support fishing activities, as well as reorganizing marine product trade zone. The preservation aspect aims to preserve the identity of the Kaliyasa river as water transportation route and fishermen's settlements.
Technology, Architectural engineering. Structural engineering of buildings
Haruna Yamasawa, Tomohiro Kobayashi, Toshio Yamanaka
et al.
Abstract This study aims to acquire an understanding of the fundamental feature of IJV and DV under heating operation. Full‐scale experiments were conducted under these two different systems and supply air conditions along with temperature distribution and ventilation effectiveness. A wall surface of the test room was cooled as a heating load, and heating elements simulating occupants were located as internal heat load and contaminant emission source. Three cases of supply temperature were tested and the flow rate was also varied correspondingly. The position of the supply terminal was also changed to see its effect on heating performance, that is, mounted on the interior/exterior wall. For DV, the temperature/contaminant distribution differed significantly depending on the supply conditions, while that of IJV remained almost the same as a perfect mixing condition. Generally, IJV can achieve better temperature distribution compared to DV; however, the ventilation effectiveness of DV was superior to that of IJV with large supply flow rate. The correlation between the Archimedes number based on supply conditions and indices expressing local temperature and ventilation effectiveness is obtained. For IJV, the position of the terminal was found to have a larger impact on air distribution than the supply flow rate, while the opposite feature was obtained for DV.
Architecture, Architectural engineering. Structural engineering of buildings
Improving the photocatalytic performance of multi-component photocatalysts through structural modulation and band alignment engineering has attracted great interest in the context of solar energy utilization and conversion. In our work, Zn2SnO4/SnO2 hierarchical architectures comprising nanorod building block assemblies were first achieved via a facile solvothermal synthesis route with lysine and ethylenediamine (EDA) as directing agents, and then chemically etched in NaOH solution to enlarge the surface area and augment active sites. The etched Zn2SnO4/SnO2 hierarchical architectures were further decorated by Cu2O nanoparticles though an in situ chemical deposition method based on band alignment engineering. In comparison with unetched Zn2SnO4/SnO2, the specific surface area of Zn2SnO4/SnO2/Cu2O hierarchical architectures became larger, and the responsive region and absorbance intensity became wider and higher in the whole visible-light range. Zn2SnO4/SnO2/Cu2O hybrid photocatalysts presented enormously improved visible-light photocatalytic behaviour for Rhodamine B (RhB) decomposition. The enhancement of photocatalytic behaviour was dominantly attributed to the synergy effect of the larger specific surface area, higher light absorption capacity, and more effective photo-induced charge carrier separation and migration. A proposed mechanism for the enormously promoted photocatalytic behaviour is brought forth on the basis of the energy-band structure combined with experimental results.
Traditional design approaches in civil engineering mainly focus on codes/guidelines related to building an infrastructure, while performance-based analysis (PBA), an emerging new reality around the world, focuses on the performance of the end product. Professional organizations, academicians, and the industry have made significant contributions in formulating PBA in various civil engineering fields, where practical guidelines and principles have been adopted in infrastructure analysis. This paper presents a critical review of PBA applications in three civil engineering fields: transportation, environmental, and structural engineering. The applications are grouped into a wide array of civil engineering areas, including highway transportation, pavement design and management, air transportation, water-structures design and operation, landfill design, building architectural design for evacuation, urban energy design, building earthquake-based design, building wind-based design, and bridge design and management. A total of 187 publications on PBA were reviewed and details on 122 application papers (from 23 countries/regions) are presented. The review consists of vertical and horizontal scans of PBA applications. In the vertical scan, the applications in each civil engineering area are summarized in tabular format that shows the system element modeled, analysis objective, performance criteria, analytical tool, and specifications/codes. The horizontal scan (discussion and lessons learned) addresses the following aspects of PBA: (1) the wide array of analytical tools used, (2) the broad functional and process-related areas, (3) the advantages, challenges, and opportunities, and (4) potential future applications. It is hoped that the state-of-the-art review presented in this paper will help researchers/practitioners quickly find useful information about PBA and promote its development in their respective fields.
Technological development has played a significant role in architectural design throughout history. Nanotechnology is a rapidly developing field of technology with numerous current and potential applications in architecture and building construction discipline. It can promote architectural creation through forth ways affecting many aspects of architectural design; such as architectural thinking, structural design, building material applications, and construction process. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of technological development on architectural design, from the view point of form and shape, through two parts; the first part represents a literature review of the architectural history and technological development, and the second part investigates the more recent technological development represented in Nanotechnology as a concept, nanomaterials and new construction method, that has a wide effect on architectural design producing a new style of architecture called nano-architecture.
S. SindhuNachiar, K. Satyanarayanan, M. Lakshmipathy
Biomimicry is the concept of mimicking nature and is efficient in terms of its performance, sustainable and innovative in terms of solving a problem in a unique way rather than the conventional method and has future scope. In the field of architecture, the concept can be used to improve the design of the structure, its construction techniques and to reduce its impact on the environment. This knowledge makes us think in an innovative way for creating improved civil engineering and architectural structures. Human Skeleton is the highest evolving species. The human leg bone (Femur) carries the total weight of the body and the human hand bone (Humerus) acts as a tension member. Similar to the natural human skeletal elements, the column which is a structural element plays the major role in the building by transferring the total weight of the body to the earth surface. This key idea of nature is mimicking to the composite columns of the framed structures, which should withstand both vertical and horizontal loading of structure. Research is carried out to model a column similar to the stress pattern of the human leg bone and a tie member similar to the stress pattern of human hand bone. By which the human skeletal system is being mimicked to form a structural system for building construction. In this paper some of the bio inspired structures and the literatures related to biomimics and the femur and humerus bone analysiswere discussed.
In the field of civil engineering, in the last period emerged and developed the idea of modular constructions, which is in consensus with the alert rhythm of the present times that we are going through, while responding to the requirement of economic efficiency. In this paper the authors present a project for some modules that can be assembled in several ways so that according to the destination and the requirements of the clients they can be personalized to meet their needs and expectations. Obviously, special attention has been paid to the technology of joining modules, solving the covering surfaces and other execution details required to ensure comfort in the habitat area.
Architectural engineering. Structural engineering of buildings, Engineering design