We demonstrate a wideband-tunable Q-switched fiber laser exploiting a graphene saturable absorber. We get ∼2 μs pulses, tunable between 1522 and 1555 nm with up to ∼40 nJ energy. This is a simple and low-cost light source for metrology, environmental sensing, and biomedical diagnostics.
We continue to study 5d N = 1 supersymmetric field theories and their compactifications on a circle through brane configurations. We develop a model, which we call (p,q) Webs, which enables simple geometrical computations to reproduce the known results, and facilitates further study. The physical concepts of field theory are transparent in this picture, offering an interpretation for global symmetries, local symmetries, the effective (running) coupling, the Coulomb and Higgs branches, the monopole tensions, and the mass of BPS particles. A rule for the dimension of the Coulomb branch is found by introducing Grid Diagrams. Some known classifications of field theories are reproduced. In addition to the study of the vacuum manifold we develop methods to determine the BPS spectrum. Some states, such as quarks, correspond to instantons inside the 5-brane which we call strips. In general, these may not be identified with (p,q) strings. We describe how a strip can bend out of a 5-brane, becoming a string. A general BPS state corresponds to a Web of strings and strips. For special values of the string coupling a few strips can combine and leave the 5-brane as a string.
Ana Mariya Anhel, Laura Cutugno, Ángel Goñi-Moreno
This protocol is meant to create modular cloning constructs from different parts into a final plate and, optionally, perform the temperature profile needed to the assembly of the constructs. The output of running this script will be the final plate(s) with the constructs and the mix needed to perform that assembly, and the corresponding map(s) with the names of the constructs in their corrresponding well which will be given by the user in the input file. This protocol is run by using a LAP format script and its corresponding .xlsx file were different customizable variables such as the number of final combinations, volumes of transfer, type of plates, etc... Specifically, this protocol provides a set of instructions or description of the LAP repository entry LAP-MoCloAssembly-OT2-2.0.0. You can find the script and complementary information for this specific version of the protocol in the LAP entry link and GitHub link to LAP entry documents In our laboratory, this protocol has been used to perform plasmids using the Golden Standard modular cloning of levels 1 and level 2 The current version incorporates the following modifications: Description of robot and protocol setup in a separate protocols.io entry (Setting and Customizing OT-2 for LAP Entries) New variables added:Position Distribute Water, Touch Tip After Distributing Water, Change Tip in Water Distribution, Position Distribute Reaction Mix, Touch Tip After Distributing Reaction Mix, Change Tip in Mix Distribution, Position Distribute Acceptor/Module, Touch Tip After Distributing Acceptor/Module, Change Tip in Acceptor/Module Distribution, Max Volume Per Mix Tube In Shaker Iteration through all the DNA parts, first distributing acceptors and then modules, to all the final combinations that include those parts. Tips are being replaced every time volume is aspirated from the second reagent onwards when transferred to the mix tubes, avoiding contamination of the original reagents.
We describe the polarization topology of the vector beams emerging from a patterned birefringent liquid crystal plate with a topological charge q at its center (q-plate). The polarization topological structures for different q-plates and different input polarization states have been studied experimentally by measuring the Stokes parameters point-by-point in the beam transverse plane. Furthermore, we used a tuned q=1/2-plate to generate cylindrical vector beams with radial or azimuthal polarizations, with the possibility of switching dynamically between these two cases by simply changing the linear polarization of the input beam.
Abstract:This paper is a direct continuation of [1] where we began the study of the integrable structures in Conformal Field Theory. We show here how to construct the operators ${\bf Q}_{\pm}(\lambda)$ which act in the highest weight Virasoro module and commute for different values of the parameter λ. These operators appear to be the CFT analogs of the Q - matrix of Baxter [2], in particular they satisfy Baxter's famous T- Q equation. We also show that under natural assumptions about analytic properties of the operators as the functions of λ the Baxter's relation allows one to derive the nonlinear integral equations of Destri-de Vega (DDV) [3] for the eigenvalues of the Q-operators. We then use the DDV equation to obtain the asymptotic expansions of the Q - operators at large λ; it is remarkable that unlike the expansions of the T operators of [1], the asymptotic series for Q(λ) contains the “dual” nonlocal Integrals of Motion along with the local ones. We also discuss an intriguing relation between the vacuum eigenvalues of the Q - operators and the stationary transport properties in the boundary sine-Gordon model. On this basis we propose a number of new exact results about finite voltage charge transport through the point contact in the quantum Hall system.
SUMMARY The 2007–2009 human Q fever epidemic in The Netherlands attracted attention due to its magnitude and duration. The current epidemic and the historical background of Q fever in The Netherlands are reviewed according to national and international publications. Seroprevalence studies suggest that Q fever was endemic in The Netherlands several decades before the disease was diagnosed in dairy goats and dairy sheep. This was in 2005 and the increase in humans started in 2007. Q fever abortions were registered on 30 dairy goat and dairy sheep farms between 2005 and 2009. A total of 3523 human cases were notified between 2007 and 2009. Proximity to aborting small ruminants and high numbers of susceptible humans are probably the main causes of the human Q fever outbreak in The Netherlands. In general good monitoring and surveillance systems are necessary to assess the real magnitude of Q fever.
The vast majority of work on waveguide-coupled resonators focuses on decreasing losses in the waveguide and coupling region. Here we present fully integrated resonators based on an ultralow-loss Si3N4 waveguide platform. By tailoring the directional coupler excitation to the resonators, we are able to achieve lower loss single-mode coupling to multimode waveguide widths compared to straight bus waveguide directional couplers. This allows us to demonstrate record-high integrated waveguide coupled intrinsic quality factor (Qint) values of 81 million at a 9.65 mm bend radius, with a future direction to both stronger and lower loss waveguide–resonator coupling. This result opens up integration possibilities for narrow linewidth integrated diode lasers, low noise feedback systems, microwave photonic research, and the ultrastable timing reference community.
By making use of the concept of basic (or q-) calculus, various families of q-extensions of starlike functions, which are associated with the Janowski functions in the open unit disk U, were introduced and studied from many different viewpoints and perspectives. In this paper, we first investigate the relationship between various known families of q-starlike functions which are associated with the Janowski functions. We then introduce and study a new subclass of q-starlike functions which involves the Janowski functions and is related with the conic domain. We also derive several properties of such families of q-starlike functions with negative coefficients including (for example) sufficient conditions, inclusion results and distortion theorems. In the last section on conclusion, we choose to point out the fact that the results for the q-analogues, which we consider in this article for 0 < q < 1, can easily (and possibly trivially) be translated into the corresponding results for the (p; q)-analogues (with 0 < q < p ?? 1) by applying some obvious parametric and argument variations, the additional parameter p being redundant.
In this paper, the authors introduce a new subclass of meromorphic q-starlike functions which are associated with the Janowski functions. A characterization of meromorphically q-starlike functions associated with the Janowski functions has been obtained when the coefficients in their Laurent series expansion about the origin are all positive. This leads to a study of coefficient estimates, distortion theorems, partial sums, and the radius of starlikeness estimates for this class. It is seen that the class considered demonstrates, in some respects, properties analogous to those possessed by the corresponding class of univalent analytic functions with negative coefficients.
The prolapse of one or several pelvic organs is a condition that has been known by medicine since its early days, and different therapeutic approaches have been proposed and accepted. But one of the main problems concerning the prolapse of pelvic organs is the need for a universal, clear and reliable staging method. Because the prolapse has been known and recognized as a disease for more than one hundred years, so are different systems proposed for its staging. But none has proved itself to respond to all the requirements of the medical community, so the vast majority were seen coming and going, failing to become the single most useful system for staging in pelvic organ prolapse (POP). The latest addition to the group of staging systems is the POP–Q system, which is becoming increasingly popular with specialists all over the world, because, although is not very simple as a concept, it helps defining the features of a prolapse at a level of completeness not reached by any other system to date. In this vision, the POP–Q system may reach the importance and recognition of the TNM system use in oncology. This paper briefly describes the POP–Q system, by comparison with other staging systems, analyzing its main features and the concept behind it.
Abstract We present a comprehensive study of in situ electron acceleration during 74 shocks driven by interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) with good suprathermal electron observations by the Wind 3DP instrument at 1 au from 1995 through 2014. Among the selected 59 quasi-perpendicular (15 quasi-parallel) shock cases, ∼86% (∼60%), ∼62% (∼36%), and ∼17% (∼7%) show significant electron flux enhancements of J D /J A > 1.5 across the shock, respectively at 0.43, 1.95, and 40 keV, where J D and J A are the electron flux in the shock’s downstream and the preceding ambient solar wind. For significantly shocked suprathermal electrons, the differential flux J D positively correlates most with the magnetosonic Mach number M s , while the flux enhancement J D /J A positively correlates most with the magnetic compression ratio r B , among the shock parameters. Both J D and J A generally fit well to a double-power-law spectrum at ∼0.4–100 keV, J ∝ E −β , with an index of β 1 ∼ 2–6 below a break energy of E br (which is typically ∼2 keV) and an index of β 2 ∼ 2.0–3.2 at energies above. is similar to in all the shock cases, while is similar to (larger than) in ∼60% (∼40%) of the shock cases with significant electron enhancements. Furthermore, J D /J A mostly peaks in the directions perpendicular to the interplanetary magnetic field at ∼0.4–50 keV. These results suggest that both quasi-parallel and quasi-perpendicular shocks accelerate electrons in situ at 1 au mainly via shock drift acceleration, with an acceleration efficiency probably affected by the induced electric field at the shock surface.