Sareh Moosavi, Bridget Keane, Debra Roberts
et al.
Abstract Effective climate actions in cities require integrating knowledge into actionable policy and practice. This perspective article provides empirically grounded insights on different roles, practice challenges and impacts of boundary spanners in mediating the science, policy and practice knowledge universes, by drawing upon critical self-reflections of four boundary spanners. It offers important insights into existing challenges they face in practice, and highlights opportunities for supporting them in accelerating climate actions.
Joseph Pasky Ngameni, Sylvain Bertelet Ngassam, Gildas Ngueuleweu Tiwang
et al.
This paper examines the role of corruption in the relationship between natural resources and exports diversification 1980–2020) through the bound test of co-integration and the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS). The main findings reveal that, natural resource accentuates export diversification. However, in the long run, oil resources accentuate export diversification while forest and mineral resources decrease export diversification. Also, in the short run, executive corruption accentuates with no limit, the concentration effect of natural resources on export diversification. While in the long run, executive corruption instead mitigates the negative effect of natural resources irrespective of their type on export diversification. Natural resources curse export diversification if the executive corruption is below certain thresholds. These findings imply that in the Cameroonian context of cumbersome and bureaucratic regulations, the cost of corruption is lesser than cost the of administrative bottlenecks, leading to the corollary that corruption may favors export diversification when production and export processes present barriers that exceed a certain threshold. Cameroon authorities should therefore curb these cumbersome and bureaucratic procedures that are costly and that harm export diversification.
Cities. Urban geography, Urbanization. City and country
On the scientific basis, the carbon sink estimation of wetland was summarized up, that is stock-difference method and gain–loss method as a fundamental approach. The major issues when those methods were applied in that estimation had been raised up for attention to be paid. Based upon the science achievements, the research approaches and policy foundation for market trading about the wetland carbon sink had been analyzed for that sink sustainability. It was concluded that the decomposition reduction of wetland plant material and rewetting and suitable restoration of wetland are essential for its sink conservation. Nowadays, China has already set the wetland conservation for its carbon sink sustainability as a part of the national goal in the carbon peaking road-map, further elaboration on the policymaking should be taken for the wetland sink conclusive into the voluntary market and as an offset of the partly compulsory reduction of emission.
Urbanization. City and country, Environmental sciences
En la Argentina diferentes políticas han intentado revertir las condiciones deficitarias del hábitat popular. Entre los factores que complejizan la acción estatal, se destacan la especulación inmobiliaria, el capital financiero, las empresas proveedoras de servicios, los medios de comunicación dominantes y los poderes locales. Esta situación se agrava en ámbitos de criticidad ambiental, como las cuencas hídricas metropolitanas, como la del arroyo Del Gato, en La Plata. En dicha cuenca, caracterizada por la contaminación urbana, rural e industrial y por inundaciones, ha crecido la ocupación de sus espacios anegables por parte sectores populares en razón del incremento de la pobreza y la inalterada mercantilización del suelo. Las normativas y la gestión de ordenamiento territorial en sus distintas escalas no logran revertir esta situación, dada la correlación de fuerzas que se establece en favor del sector inmobiliario, cuya contracara es el debilitamiento técnico y financiero del sector público local.
Cities. Urban geography, Urbanization. City and country
The number of people residing in private rentals, particularly in megacities, has been steadily increasing worldwide. However, a number of studies have revealed that a significant proportion of tenants endure unsatisfactory housing experiences attributed to their landlords. Drawing upon the concept of housing class and Harvey's (1979) theory of class-monopoly rent and class power, this study investigates how landlords in various sub-sectors employ their class power to realize class-monopoly rent and the subsequent impact on tenants' housing experiences. Through in-depth interviews conducted with 30 landlords and tenants representing different sub-sectors in Shenzhen, we have identified that the strategies employed by landlords are contingent upon the power differentials between them and their tenants. The wider the power gap, the greater the range of strategies landlords can utilize, leading to diminished housing experiences for tenants. Additionally, we have developed a housing class scheme in urban China, offering valuable insights into asset inequality and social stratification. By adopting a Marxist perspective, this paper contributes to the ongoing discussion on power dynamics between landlords and tenants. Furthermore, several policy recommendations are provided across different sub-sectors to rebalance the power relationship between landlords and tenants and enhance tenants' housing experiences.
Urbanization. City and country, Political institutions and public administration (General)
Starting from the relationship between urban planning and mobility management, TeMA has gradually
expanded the view of the covered topics, always remaining in the groove of rigorous scientific in-depth
analysis. This section of the Journal, Review Notes, is the expression of continuously updating emerging
topics concerning relationships between urban planning, mobility and environment, through a collection of
short scientific papers written by young researchers. The Review Notes are made of four parts. Each section
examines a specific aspect of the broader information storage within the main interests of TeMA Journal.
In particular, the Urban planning literature review section presents recent books and journals on selected
topics and issues within the global scientific panorama.
This contribution aims at delving into the issue of sustainable urban mobility through a new mobility
paradigm represented by MaaS (Mobility as a Service). Effective and sustainable management of urban
transportation activities and services plays an important role within the city to reduce environmental impacts
and improve the quality of life for citizens. For the second issue of TeMA Journal, volume n.16, this Review
Notes section offers a literature overview on the main aspects of MaaS and its impact on the urban mobility
system. It analyzes the potential sustainability benefits of using MaaS in the urban context by citing some
interesting and significant journals and books which delved into the topic.
Transportation engineering, Urbanization. City and country
In search of a feminist perspective for Berlin and an answer to the question of what a non-sexist city could and should look like, an analysis of hegemonic and feminist spatial systems was carried out based on practice-based teaching research formats. Using critical mapping (Harley, 1989; Wood, 1992) with a collective-feminist approach, this paper will demonstrate the potential of the map as a tool that allows for a non-hegemonic perspective of space. The mapping research reveals how the dichotomy of the terms public and private determines hegemonic spatial systems and how the concept of commons as a counter-image and third spatial realm opens up a possible typology of feminist spatial systems. Thus, in the evaluation of the results, the need for new common notions in urban planning discourse is discussed.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
Growth and development process provide important information about individual and public health. Height, on the other hand, is
a variable that lies at the center of many disciplines, such as public health, anthropology and economics. Research demonstrates that
changing socio-economic conditions can have positive or negative impacts on the physique of a person. This study aims to examine
secular changes in height by assessing research carried out in the early years of the Republic of Turkey, and research concerning
children aged 6-17 years who lived in Ankara between 1950 and 2017. To that end, a literature survey was conducted to compile the
results of previous human growth studies, and the data of three field studies, carried out cross-sectionally in 1950 (1020 boys, 970 girls),
2005 (709 girls, 718 boys) and 2017 (761 boys, 724 girls), were analyzed using new methods. Both positive and negative trends were
observed in the secular change in height in school children who lived in Ankara during the past 80 years. In the 1950s, the fluctuation
in the height of boys was more pronounced while there have been negative secular changes in both genders. The sensitivity of boys to
adverse environmental conditions is associated with a deceleration in growth rate. As a result, it can be said that, sexual dimorphism,
which defines the differences in body size and shape between sexes, is more striking, more so in the 2017 study than the 1950 study.
<p>Ana María Vásquez Duplat (compiladora). Fundación Rosa Luxemburgo, Centro de Estudios y Acción por la Igualdad. El Colectivo, Buenos Aires, 2017. 158 páginas.</p><p><br />ISBN 978-987-46430-1-8.</p><p><br /><br /></p>
Cities. Urban geography, Urbanization. City and country
As recent international scholarship has shown, the Modern Movement was not as coherent as authors such as Sigfried Giedion or Nikolaus Pevsner have claimed. Post-war modernism in particular has many faces. Although architects produced similar housing typologies that are presented in collective works of social housing within the same category, the architects could still take different positions. By means of a comparative analysis of two radical modernist high-rise housing projects in Antwerp, this article demonstrates how the focus of the design of similar projects could still differ considerably. Designed by Renaat Braem, the Kiel housing estate (1953) in the south of Antwerp will be compared with Hugo Van Kuyck’s Luchtbal housing estate (1954-1962) in the city’s north. Although both complexes are social housing blocks raised on pilotis, they differ in size, concept, architectural quality and degree of detailing, but also in ideology and utopian content. Both architects shared a fascination for Le Corbusier’s Ville Radieuse and for the Athens Charter (1933), and held a belief in progress and the need for a new idiom. At the same time, however, they have different ways of dealing with modernity. I will employ the analytical framework developed by architectural historian Sarah Williams Goldhagen (2000) to shed light on the architects’ different positions on the social and political axes.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
Especially drawing on the contributions of Zimmermann (2012) and Balke and Reimer (2016) published in the journal “Raumforschung und Raumordnung”, this article deals with research done under the keywords constructivism, discourse and governmentality. Taking the example of those two contributions the author presents his thoughts on the relationship between the emerging social constructivist paradigm on the one hand and the (previous) mainstream on the other hand. He argues for an open discussion in order to improve the understanding of commonalities and divergences between these approaches.
Cities. Urban geography, Urbanization. City and country
The migration from the rural to urban areas since Industrial Revolution up to present has resulted in a global and significant urbanization phenomenon. Transportation, due to the increasing population in the cities, stands out as one of the major problems. Convenient transportation in the cities depends primarily on an efficient and productive public transportation system. Enable to use public transportation system in efficient, pricing varieties and fare payment options/ medias are applied in the transportation are very important. In order public transportation system to be efficient pricing variations and fare payment collection methods should be considered. Pricing varieties increase demands for public transportation and the ease of fare payment increases speed and capacity of public transportation. In this study, bus pricing policies and fare payment options in the cities of Geneva, London, Tokyo and Curitiba which are prominent with successful public transportation policies are examined and practice proposals are presented for the city of Ankara City.
Several publications on pedestrian ways in Naples considered as a tourist attractions, have been published recently. They are based on research works carried out by Naples University scholars. Several Projects taking into account the specific environment of Borgo Marino have been submitted in order to facilitate the connection between Posillipo and Marechiaro area which is besieged by factors that alter its natural, cultural and environmental resources. It should be planned a transportation system less polluting than the existing one, re-evaluating the rehabilitation of the tramway connection between these areas. It should be upgraded the public roads, by improving environmental pathways and their equipment in order to encourage and to increase pedestrian access to the sea. It should also assess the feasibility of mechanical lifts, mini electric buses and marine transport. The three proposals presented here provide a line of small electric buses, that goes from Capo Posillipo to Marechiaro square; a cable railway that starts from the exedra of Coroglio slope gets to the square ; a leaning lift or a lightweight one carriage funicular that travels along the green area between the two roads. The three proposals must be tested functionally, environmentally and technologically. It is interesting to involve residents and traders in the planning.
Transportation engineering, Urbanization. City and country
This paper describes the pioneering experience of the city of Leicester (in the UK) over the last 10 years in developing its Local Agenda 21, and other aspects of its work towards environmental improvement and sustainable development. It includes details of measures to improve public transport and to reduce congestion, traffic accidents, car use and air pollution. It also describes measures to improve housing quality for low-income households, to reduce fossil fuel use and increase renewable energy use and to make the city council’s own operations a model for reducing resource use and waste. It also describes how this was done - the specialist working groups that sought to make partnerships work (and their strengths and limitations), the information programmes to win hearts and minds, the many measures to encourage widespread participation (and the difficulties in involving under-represented groups) and the measures to make local governments, businesses and other groups develop the ability and habit of responding to the local needs identified in participatory consultations.
Violence in today’s cities limits the scope for effective urban governance. It also destroys opportunities for collective action conducive to political and economic development, thus jeopardizing the regional competitiveness of these cities. A myriad of causal factors have been suggested, including urbanization, ethnic diversity, social fragmentation and widespread poverty. The cases of Kabul in Afghanistan and Karachi in Pakistan illustrate these dynamics, but also demonstrate that politico-historical settings, weak legitimate institutions of control, and the fluidity between war and peace in south-central Asia are crucial to an explanation of their trajectories. Therefore, strategies to improve the stakes for effective urban governance have to focus on enhancing local accountability, fostering the transformation of institutions of public security and advancing opportunities for non-violent political participation. Nonetheless, supra-urban structures of economic scarcity, ideological strife and struggles for political leverage, in which the two cities are embedded, need to be understood, as they constrain the scope for intervention and improvement.
<p>El siguiente artículo es producto de una investigación sobre la producción de suelo urbano en el Gran Resistencia, a partir de algunos hechos ocurridos durante las inundaciones que afectaron a esta ciudad en el periodo 1982-83</p>
Cities. Urban geography, Urbanization. City and country