Urban densification has become a key strategy for urban sustainable development. While higher density offers benefits, research reveals side-effects, particularly regarding sociospatial inequality. The complex interplay of factors shaping these outcomes remains poorly understood, hampering effective planning. This article advances a relational understanding of densification through the concept of co-agency. It examines how influencing factors such as densification type, land use policies, and building technology combine into hybrid co-agents, producing both intended and unintended consequences. To support proactive planning, we propose a densification typology for categorising common patterns. We illustrate the approach by comparing two cases in Freiburg, Germany, and Lund, Sweden, focusing on segregation dynamics.
This research formulates a context-sensitive classification framework for the evaluation of public spaces within rapidly urbanizing Chinese neighbourhoods, with the objective of informing regeneration strategies that reconcile modernization with cultural heritage preservation. Focusing on Chengdu’s partially developed Ma’an neighbourhood, the study investigates the transformation of five public space typologies, e.g., street frontages, public open spaces, public green spaces, semi-public areas, and corridor spaces, under contemporary urban pressures. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating historical mapping, urban morphometric analysis, and ethnographic fieldwork, including site observation and semi-structured interviews with residents and local stakeholders. Findings indicate that spatial reconfiguration has altered accessibility, patterns of use, and collective identity. The study is guided by three research questions: (1) How have public spaces in the Ma’an neighbourhood changed under the pressures of urban modernisation? (2) What socio-cultural consequences have these changes had for community identity and social cohesion? (3) How can the Ma’an case inform strategies for balancing redevelopment with cultural preservation? The results show that traditional spatial types continue to support localized interactions and cultural memory, whereas newer spaces prioritize multifunctional and commercial uses. In doing so, the study contributes to theoretical discussions in urban morphology and socio-cultural geography while offering a replicable public space classification framework for cultural heritage-sensitive urban renewal applicable to transitional neighbourhoods in China nationally and in comparable contexts.
Environmental sciences, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
As Chinese cities move toward stock-based development, the redevelopment of inefficient industrial land has become essential for urban spatial restructuring and sustainable transformation. Building on Lefebvre’s triadic theory of spatial production, this study establishes a comprehensive analytical framework consisting of spatial practice, representations of space, and representational spaces, aiming to elucidate the mechanisms underlying spatial reconfiguration. Through a multi-case inductive approach, twelve representative cases from Zhejiang Province are systematically analyzed to reveal the fundamental logic driving spatial reconstruction within the context of inefficient land redevelopment. The results reveal the following: (1) In the process of inefficient land redevelopment, spatial practice involves land reuse and functional integration, representations of space reflect institutional planning, and representational spaces shape meaning through cultural identity and user experience. These dimensions interact dynamically to drive the transformation of both the form and meaning of inefficient land. (2) The redevelopment of inefficient land in Zhejiang can be classified into two primary models: increment-driven and qualitative transformation, which are further divided into seven subtypes. The increment-driven model includes enterprise-initiated renewal, integrated upgrading, platform empowerment, and comprehensive remediation; the qualitative transformation model comprises mine remediation, cultural empowerment, and use conversion. (3) Significant differences exist between these models: the increment-driven model emphasizes land expansion and floor area ratio improvement, while the qualitative transformation model enhances land value through mine restoration, cultural embedding, and functional transformation. This study extends the application of spatial production theory within the Chinese context and offers theoretical support and policy insights for the planning and governance of inefficient industrial land redevelopment.
Abstract This paper attempts to determine the relationship between the theory of urban morphology and the practice of urban conservation and urban planning based on the example of modernist and postmodernist open residential blocks created in Belgrade and other cities in Serbia in the second half of the twentieth century. The starting point of the paper was based on the fact that these configurations represent both urbanistic and cultural and historical heritage. It examines the values/criteria based on which the two Belgrade urban units have been categorized as cultural heritage. Furthermore, it demonstrates that these criteria can be generalized and applied to numerous examples of urban blocks and units that are still not institutionally protected but are recognized through the work of organizations, researchers, and experts studying the relevant era in the development of architecture and urbanism. The paper indicates the current urban planning and building practices that ignore the values of these units and analyzes relevant literature and documents in order to find out the cause of this problem. It points out the missing elements in the planning and protection systems that would potentially mitigate the effects and prevent further damage to these units. The forms and reasons for endangering these urban units can be viewed in relation to the issues of identification and protection of spatial values, i.e., valuable elements of the urban and physical structure; the key concept/scale at which the plans are developed and implemented; instruments for the spatial value protection at the urban block/groups of blocks level; and implementation/control of the planning solutions. Combining protection and planning practices identifies urban morphology as a common platform for consolidating knowledge about this type of urban heritage and integrating it into practice.
Saeideh Sobhaninia, Sahar Samavati, Daniel P. Aldrich
Cities today face the dual challenge of increasing vulnerability to disruptions and a growing demand for improved quality of life. By prioritising happiness and resilience, cities can create sustainable environments that promote health, social cohesion, and adaptability to various stresses and withstand economic, social, and environmental shocks while fostering the well-being, inclusivity, and quality of life of all residents. This study aims to understand what indicators most impact urban resilience and happiness through a systematic literature review. Our analysis uncovered that factors with a dual impact on improving urban resilience and happiness fit into the following categories: individual, social, socio-economic, environmental, infrastructural, technological, resource-based, place-based, urban planning, and housing-related. This study provided a comprehensive understanding of how urban design and policies can enhance both resilience and happiness in cities. Policymakers and planners can adapt and use the identified indicators and strategies to enhance citizens’ happiness and create a resilient community in various contexts and under diverse stressors.
فریما فریدنی, سید عباس یزدانفر, ندا سادات صحراگرد منفرد
et al.
ازآنجاکه مسکن حداقل باهدف استطاعتپذیری طراحی میشود، عموماً مؤلفههای کمی و کیفی در آن توأمان لحاظ نمیشود. لذا هدف از این پژوهش، تحلیل رابطهی بین کمیت و کیفیت در مسکن حداقل است. ابتدا مؤلفههای کمی و کیفی مسکن حداقل و فراوانی و وزن آنها با روش توصیفی و آنتروپی شانون استخراج شد. سپس از طریق روش پیمایشی (مصاحبه ساختاریافته) راهبردهای طراحی ذیل هر مؤلفه مشخص شد که بر اساس آن، مجموعهی ضوابط نمرهدهی در تحلیل پلان تنظیم گردید. در گام بعد، 9 تیپ پلان برگزیده در شهر جدید پرند طبق ضوابط توسط متخصصین نمره داده شدند. درنهایت، رابطهی بین مساحت و کیفیت در پلانهای برگزیده کیفی تحلیل شد. یافتهها نشان میدهد در واحدهای یک و سه خوابه برگزیده، فضای عمومی و در واحدهای دو خوابه فضای خدماتی از اهمیت بیشتری نسبت به سایر فضاها برخوردارند. نتایج نشان میدهد که برخلاف تصور عموم، الزاماً با افزایش مساحت، کیفیت واحد مسکونی افزایش نمییابد.
This paper analyzes the concept of affordable housing and urban planning instruments that incentivize its development, especially in city centers. Considering the shortage of affordable housing in Zagreb, the research aims to identify contemporary urban planning practices that focus on the social function of housing and the role that local urban and housing policies have in ensuring access to it. By comparing the strategic documents for the housing development of the cities of Lyon and Barcelona and models of their implementation in the local urban plans for the areas of city centers and contact brownfield areas, the provisions incentivizing the development of the affordable housing (right of pre-emption, category of subsidized housing, inclusionary zoning, density bonus, and protection of residential use) are singled out. In the context of urban renewal of the historic center of Zagreb and of brownfield redevelopment in the contact zone of the city center, inclusion of the aforementioned provisions in local urban plans is examined, demonstrating the potential that such instrument has for the development of affordable housing in the city center.
The regulation of urban construction land can effectively solve the problems of inefficient use of urban land, idle land, urban stock land. This paper systematically combs the practice and experience of construction land regulation in several countries at home and abroad, which provides reference for the development of construction land regulation projects in China. Under the new situation, we should adapt to the current situation that the objects, objectives and models of land reclamation are more diversified, implement the strategy of land connotation excavation and reclamation and redevelopment. The urban and rural land use structure and industrial layout must be further optimized to promote the economic and intensive use of land, and promote urban renewal and industrial transformation and upgrading.
The change in spatial development patterns from agriculture life into industry and then, service sector, and in response, changes in spatial paradigms of settlement and development, has led to concentration of population and resources of development in cities and mega cities. This concentration is followed by contradictions and conflicts in interests and behavior which can be a contextual preparation for crime along with making improvement in higher degrees of quality in life, especially when physical development of city lacks a comprehensive spatial planning. Thus, this research aimed to study crime patterns and its spatial analysis in urban and peri-urban areas and their application urban planning. On a descriptive-analytical approach and by applying meta-synthesis, it investigates prior research articles on related domain. Results show that factors such as population density and social ecology can prepare opportunities for crime, but different communities respond to such opportunities in different patterns. Comparing results within Iranian cities to other global locations made it clear that the research on patterns of crimes in Iranian cities is distinct from foreign countries’ cities both in terms of form and content. The results and conclusions of this article can be used by urban planners and managers in formulation and implementation of spatial plans and policies especially for high-risk areas.
In recent decades, with the increasing trend of urbanization and mass housing in the country, the creation of natural space in cities, which is one of the effective factors in increasing the vitality of residents has faded. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate the place of nature on the vitality of residents in residential complexes. Four residential complexes of Ekbatan in Tehran, Pardisan in Qom, Zaytoun in Isfahan and Mehregan in Qazvin were selected as the study areas. In terms of purpose, the research method is descriptive-analytical and the research method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Data collection tool: questionnaire and field observations; And the method of data analysis is the use of ANP model. After indexing based on the results, vitality in Zaytoun and Ekbatan residential complex is better than Pardisan and Mehregan residential complex. In the components, in the physical component, the two complexes of Ekbatan and Zaytoun, the perceptual component of the two complexes of Ekbatan and Zaytoun, the social component of the complex of Olive, and in the visual and functional components, Ekbatan and the temporal component, the two complexes of Ekbatan and Zaytun are in the best condition. In order to study the nature index and its effect on the vitality, field studies were conducted by residents by compiling a questionnaire, based on Cochran's formula and Morgan table, 384 questionnaires were prepared for each complex, then the studied indicators were analyzed. Cronbach has calculated that Ekbatan and Olive, respectively, are in a better position based on the amount of green space and the satisfaction of the residents.
When it comes to defining the foreign trade relations between Africa and the Republic of Serbia, it should be pointed out that our country achieves the least international trade cooperation with the countries of this continent. According to the data of the Parliamentary Budget Office (2018), Serbian foreign trade is mostly focused on Europe, given that as much as 93% of total exports were directed to European countries, and 80% of imports of goods from Europe. The exchange with African countries is almost negligible: on both the import and import side, Africa took part in less than 1% of the total Serbian foreign trade. Infrastructure development accelerates the pace of economic progress, by strengthening more productive activities, and leads to lower costs for conducting internal and external trade.
In June 2013, widespread popular unrest unexpectedly shook Brazil whilst the FIFA Football Confederations Cup was taking place. Nicknamed as the ‘demonstrations cup’ by protesters, this was one of the greatest uprisings in the history of the country, with its effects still being felt and discussed nationally and internationally. Despite the general consensus on the more immediate causes that sparked the movement – such as the protests by the Movimento Passe Livre against a 20-cent bus fare hike in São Paulo, heavy-handed police repression and the use of social media – there still lacks a holistic explanation about the historical processes that formed the inflammable scenario that triggered those demonstrations and their rapid dissemination. Using quantitative and qualitative data related to recent urban socio-economic changes and civil society mobilisation trends, the present paper constructs an original genealogy of the June 2013 ‘demonstrations cup’. As a result, it indicates a unique confluence of multiple causal factors, such as the rapid and generalised erosion of real income in the Brazilian metropolises, the degeneration of political representativeness and traditional movements, the emergence of new mobilisation tools and the dissemination of anti-mega-events critical subjectivities – hence providing a comprehensive and empirically informed account.
Perencanaan ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan konsep pusat perbelanjaan yang sudah ada menjadi sebuah pusat perbelanjaaan yang memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat baik dari segi kebutuhan berbelanja dan kebutuhan refresing bagi masyarakat dengan tema green building. Metode penelitian dari perencanaan ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan deskriptif secara rinci sesuai dengan kebutuhan penelitian. Hasil perencanaan dari penelitian ini berupa sebuah pusat perbelanjaaan di Kota Padang dengan tema Green Building.
Details in building design and construction. Including walls, roofs, Urban renewal. Urban redevelopment
This paper examines the cognitive use of prior knowledge in the design and evaluates the role of types and precedents in architectural design and education from a cognitive perspective. The previous research on design cognition shows that the amount of prior knowledge possessed by the designer plays a fundamental role in the production and quality of the creative outcome. This paper examines this correlation between the cognitive concept of cultural schemas with the architectural concept of types and investigates the cognitive role of types and precedents within architectural design and education in the light of the cognitive literature. With such an attempt, the research conducts an interdisciplinary theoretical inquiry that respectively studies the role of prior knowledge in design cognition, the concept of cognitive-cultural schemas, the concept of type and its relationship with cultural schemas, and the cognitive role of types and precedents in architectural design and education. In conclusion, this study proposes that types function identically as cultural schemas at the cognitive level and types and precedents have a generative value for architectural design, by virtue of the fact that they exist as the initial cognitive schemas that are employed at the beginning of the design process.
Kota Medan sebagai Ibu Kota Provinsi Sumatera Utara mengalami kemajuan yang cukup signifikan. Hal ini terjadi seiring dengan pembangunan pusat-pusat perdagangan dan bangunan-bangunan komersil di beberapa tempat, Salah satunya di koridor Jalan Iskandar Muda. Pada umumnya bangunan-bangunan tersebut menyebar di sepanjang koridor jalan yang berfungsi sebagai kawasan komersial di kota Medan. Kondisi ini melahirkan aktivitas pergerakan orang yang cukup tinggi, salah satunya pergerakan orang yang terjadi di jalur pedestrian. hal ini mendorong tingginya penyelenggaraan signage dimana pejalan kaki sebagai sasaran utamanya. Signage merupakan alat komunikasi yang berfungsi untuk memberi informasi kepada orang-orang yang sedang berjalan maupun berkendaraan. Kehadiran signage di Jalan Iskandar Muda Kota Medan ternyata lebih cenderung memanfaatkan potensi ekonomi kawasan secara maksimal, sehingga terjadi pergeseran fungsi ruang kota menjadi ruang ekspresi media iklan. Hal ini terlihat dari titik-titik pemasangan signage yang terlalu banyak dan beragam serta ukuran signage yang tidak memenuhi kaidah estetika visual kota yang pada akhirnya mengganggu kenyamanan pejalan kaki dan mengurangi keindahan estetika visual pada koridor Jalan Iskandar Muda tersebut. Sebagai upaya menciptakan kenyamanan kota yang mendukung terhadap estetika visual serta tidak mengganggu kenyamanan pejalan kaki, penelitian ini menghasilkan konsep desain berupa penempatan signage sesuai zona peruntukkannya yaitu pada zona pedestrian, desain proporsi ketinggian signage terhadap lebar jalur pedestrian dengan menggunakan pendekatan skala manusia, desain dimensi panel atau bidang signage dengan menggunakan konsep golden section, serta pengaturan titik penempatan atau persebaran signage dengan menggunakan konsep irama (rytme) dan peraturan daerah yang telah ditetapkan dengan tujuan membatasai jumlah signage pada jalur pedestrian
Details in building design and construction. Including walls, roofs, Urban renewal. Urban redevelopment
Behaviour Setting disebut juga dengan “tata perilaku” yaitu pola perilaku manusia yang berkaitan dengan tatanan lingkungan fisiknya. Perpustakaan merupakan suatu fasilitas yang bersifat umum, tetapi di dalamnya Perpustakaan khususnya pada ruang baca sangat di butuhkan suatu ruang yang bersifat private . Dapat dilihat dari banyaknya pengguna Perpustaan Perguruan Tinggi yang menciptakaan ruang private sendiri pada ruang baca baik itu secara individu maupun berkelompok unruk mendapatkan privasi dari pengguna lainnya. Sehingga dibutuhkan agar kenyamaan pengguna pada saat membaca di dalam Perpustakaan tidak terganggu dengan kehadiran dan aktivitas pengguna lain disekitarnya. Penelitian ini mengambil 3 Perguruan Tinggi di Kota Medan yaitu Univevrsitas Sumatera Utara, Universitas Negeri Medan, Universitas Muhamammadiyah Sumatera Utara . Dengan melakukan analisis terhadap perilaku pengunjung yang ada di Perpustakaan ini akan memberikan rekomendasi rancangan penataan perabot yang sesuai dengan pola perilaku pengguna pada ruang baca dan ruang buku dan menciptakan ruang Private didalam Perpustakaan yang bersifat umu. Analisa lebih mendalam dilakukan dengan menganalisis Behavior Setting yaitu faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku pelajar terhadap ruang, ukuran, bentuk, penataan perabot, temperatur dan pencahayaan. Bentuk perilaku pelajar yang tercipta yaitu perilaku terbuka dan tertutup, jarak yang diciptakan ialah jarak intim dan jarak personal.
Details in building design and construction. Including walls, roofs, Urban renewal. Urban redevelopment
In the past few decades, a considerable number of old houses have been demolished in China’s urban redevelopment projects, which led to the disappearance of some historic buildings and the relocation of the original residents. Recently, the strategy of housing demolition (HD) in Chinese cities has been replaced by housing conservation and renovation (HCR). However, the transition from HD to HCR is not carried out well. This study aims to explore the key challenges in HCR practice by using a mixed method. Based on the field investigations in pilot projects and semistructured interviews, current HCR practices in Shanghai are summarized, and the four key challenges are identified as: (1) funding shortages; (2) an underdeveloped regulatory environment; (3) a psychological gap between the government and residents; and (4) a lack of stakeholders’ involvement. Targeted measures are proposed to mitigate the challenges. The findings and suggestions here could provide valuable references for the government when making decisions on sustainable housing conservation and renovation, and may promote urban renewal practices in China and other developing countries.
Thales Batista de Lima, Elisângela Vieira da Silva Amaral
A essência da hotelaria está na prestação de serviços e para tornar bem-sucedido no mercado se faz necessário uma equipe de colaboradores qualificados e bem preparados. Assim, o objetivo geral deste trabalho é analisar a política de Recrutamento e Seleção exercido por um hotel em João Pessoa- PB, a partir da percepção de seus funcionários. De tal modo, foram abordados os principais conceitos de Recrutamento e Seleção, bem como as fontes de recrutamento comumente mais utilizadas, as técnicas de seleção e as contribuições que o processo seletivo pode trazer para as organizações. Quanto à caracterização desta pesquisa, tratou-se de um trabalho de abordagem quantitativa, cujo método utilizado foi o dedutivo e classificado como estudo caso. Sendo assim, os resultados mostraram que o hotel estudado utiliza regularmente das políticas de Recrutamento e Seleção, além de contar com um departamento de Recursos Humanos próprio, que possibilita um olhar atento a esta política de entrada de novos funcionários. Porém, se torna interessante para o hotel rever algumas das suas práticas, como a maneira de divulgação de suas oportunidades, a frequência na aplicabilidade de provas situacionais e as etapas de dinâmica em grupo para visar o aperfeiçoamento sobre os conhecimentos dos candidatos. Conclui-se que o hotel pesquisado apresenta uma política de Recrutamento e Seleção, porém, requer ajustes para não comprometer uma melhor qualidade de seu desempenho na organização.