Hasil untuk "Transportation and communication"

S. S. Dorzhiev, E. G. Bazarova

The current global economic and environmental context, which is characterized by desertification, land degradation, climate change, and ecosystem disruption, necessitates urgent action in sustainable land use. While pasture-based livestock farming offers numerous advantages, free-range grazing presents several labor-intensive challenges, such as locating and tracking animals, monitoring livestock health, mitigating the risk of loss in wild environments, and regulating grazing pressure on pastures. (Research purpose) To develop a digital pasture infrastructure as a universal, integrated system with autonomous energy and water supply, aimed at automating auxiliary processes in pasture-based livestock farming. (Materials and methods) Various approaches to improving pasture efficiency were reviewed. The analysis revealed that existing technologies typically address isolated aspects, such as water supply, pasture rotation, or livestock monitoring. However, they lack a comprehensive system that integrates the entire pasture infrastructure and the interactions among its components. (Results and discussion) A digital pasture concept based on renewable energy sources is proposed. An integrated infrastructure model for pasture-based and transhumant livestock farming was developed. The system consists of distinct infrastructure modules, including communication, monitoring, water supply, electrification, transportation, a central dispatch unit, and a supplemental feeding unit. Several components were developed and patented, including individual livestock blankets equipped with condition sensors, a monitoring station, a wind power unit, and an atmospheric water extractor. The monitoring station, capable of data collection, control, monitoring, and communication using renewable energy, was field-tested in the Astrakhan Region. The sensor-equipped livestock blankets were tested on a pilot group of calves in the Yaroslavl Region. Field trials of the atmospheric moisture extractor were also conducted. Additional trials are underway in southern regions and the Moscow Region to evaluate the performance of a multi-unit wind energy complex designed for areas with low wind potential. (Conclusions) The modular architecture of the proposed system enables flexible integration of various technologies and functional units, adaptable to the specific needs of local production conditions. The development and implementation of a digital, intelligent infrastructure for pasture-based and transhumant livestock farming, based on resource-efficient, nature-based, and digital technologies, offers a timely and innovative solution.

Angmo Deji, Qian Wang, Li Zhou

Abstract Fuzzy incidence graphs (FIGs), as a significant extension of fuzzy graph (FG) theory, have been widely applied in modeling uncertainty within complex systems such as communication networks, transportation infrastructure, and distributed systems. A central concept in FIGs is fuzzy incidence coloring (FIC), which refers to assigning colors to fuzzy incidences such that adjacent fuzzy incidences receive distinct colors. The fuzzy incidence coloring number (FICN) represents the minimum number of colors required to achieve such a coloring. This paper focuses on the strong product (SP) operation of FIGs and systematically investigates the properties of the SP operation as well as the FICN of FIGs under such operations. The core contribution is the derivation of exact values of the FICN for SP graphs constructed from four fundamental types of FIGs: path, cycle, complete graphs, and star. To this end, we propose a dedicated algorithm, which is designed to efficiently compute the FICN of SP graphs. Finally, an application example on wireless channel allocation is presented to demonstrate the practical value of our research. By applying FICN, the minimum number of frequency signals required to avoid communication interference can be determined, thereby enabling optimized channel allocation, reduced interference, and improved communication management under constrained resources.

Lei Jiang, Heng Zhang, Boyang Xing et al.

In recent years, humanoid robots have made substantial advances in motion control and multimodal interaction. However, full-size humanoid robots face significant technical challenges due to their inherent geometric and physical properties, leading to large inertia of humanoid robots and substantial driving forces. These characteristics result in issues such as limited biomimetic capabilities, low control efficiency, and complex system integration, thereby restricting practical applications of full-size humanoid robots in real-world settings. To address these limitations, this paper incorporates a biomimetic design approach that draws inspiration from biological structures and movement mechanisms to enhance the robot’s human-like movements and overall efficiency. The platform introduced in this paper, Loong, is designed to overcome these challenges, offering a practically viable solution for full-size humanoid robots. The research team has innovatively used highly biomimetic joint designs to enhance Loong’s capacity for human-like movements and developed a multi-level control architecture along with a multi-master high-speed real-time communication mechanism that significantly improves its control efficiency. In addition, Loong incorporates a modular system integration strategy, which offers substantial advantages in mass production and maintenance, which improves its adaptability and practical utility for diverse operational environments. The biomimetic approach not only enhances Loong’s functionality but also enables it to perform better in complex and dynamic environments. To validate Loong’s design performance, extensive experimental tests were performed, which demonstrated the robot’s ability to traverse complex terrains such as 13 cm steps and 20° slopes and its competence in object manipulation and transportation. These innovations provide a new design paradigm for the development of full-size humanoid robots while laying a more compatible foundation for the development of hardware platforms for medium- and small-sized humanoid robots. This work makes a significant contribution to the practical deployment of humanoid robots.

Navid Bizhe, Ali Nahvi

Hazard perception (HP) is one of the few driving skills proven to reduce traffic accidents through training and testing. The driver licensing process in some countries includes assessing individuals through videos demonstrating hazards and measuring their reactions. Testing HP using a driving simulator has been shown to better approximate real-world driving and, therefore, be more effective. However, current methods need improvement for large-scale assessment and evaluation of autonomous vehicle HP abilities. This paper proposes a novel four-step procedure for training and assessing HP using deep reinforcement learning (DRL) and hierarchical clustering (HC). In the first step, an DRL agent is trained in an environment with a high collision probability and achieves superhuman performance compared with the subjects. The trained agent achieved 8.7% higher quickness and 3.5% longer traversal compared with the best human violation-free trial. Then, we segmented the scores into four levels using the HC method. The relationship between reward and three scenario-independent HP features—disparity, comfort, and haste—are identified through regression with a coefficient of determination of 0.94. Reviewing the subjects’ learning data averages, we determined that a learning period of 20 min is sufficient for the basic skills of HP in a driving simulator. The outcome is an intelligent, fair, accurate, and comprehensive system for jointly assessing and training HP for humans and autonomous vehicles without the drawbacks of conventional methods. It can be deployed at scale as a replacement for current approaches.

Kristian Rikstad Myklevoll, Erik Zakariassen, Tone Morken et al.

Abstract Background A severely injured patient needs fast transportation to a hospital that can provide definitive care. In Norway, approximately 20% of the population live in rural areas. Primary care doctors (PCDs) play an important role in prehospital trauma care. The aim of this study was to investigate how variations in PCD call-outs to severe trauma incidents in Norway were associated with rural-urban settings and time factors. Methods In this study on severe trauma patients admitted to Norwegian hospitals from 2012 to 2018, we linked data from four official Norwegian registries. Through this, we investigated the call-out responses of PCDs to severe trauma incidents. In multivariable log-binomial regression models, we investigated whether factors related to rural-urban settings and time factors were associated with PCD call-outs. Results There was a significantly higher probability of PCD call-outs to severe trauma incidents in the municipalities in the four most rural centrality categories compared to the most urban category. The largest difference in adjusted relative risk (95% confidence interval (CI)) was 2.08 (1.27–3.41) for centrality category four. PCDs had a significantly higher proportion of call-outs in the Western (RR = 1.46 (1.23–1.73)) and Central Norway (RR = 1.30 (1.08–1.58)) Regional Health Authority areas compared to in the South-Eastern area. We observed a large variation (0.47 to 4.71) in call-out rates to severe trauma incidents per 100,000 inhabitants per year across the 16 Emergency Medical Communication Centre areas in Norway. Conclusions Centrality affects the proportion of PCD call-outs to severe trauma incidents, and call-out rates were higher in rural than in urban areas. We found no significant difference in call-out rates according to time factors. Possible consequences of these findings should be further investigated.

Mohammad Taufik, I Ketut Gunawan, Etika Khairina et al.

This research aims to build an understanding of the currently developing academic literature on marine tourism in the Anambas Islands as one of the potential areas. Maritime tourism can be developed from a digital and institutional development policy perspective, considering that the impact of tourism through maritime tourism is so broad/multiplier effect, including trade connectivity and communication between nations, so that it becomes one way to maintain maritime affairs. This study used a qualitative method. Data sources are obtained from primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques involved observation, interviews, documentation, FGD, and triangulation, while N-Vivo12 Plus assisted data analysis techniques. The research results showed that the Anambas Regency Government has not fully implemented digital-based development. There have been no regulations governing the development of digital-based marine tourism, both in strategic plans and SOPs in regulations that do not specifically address development. Second, digital media in developing marine tourism is not optimal; there is a lack of social media platforms to raise and attract public attention. The branding carried out is only limited to providing information about tourist attractions, displaying attractive photos, and at least creating marketing campaigns such as events held on the Anambas Islands, and minimally discussing access to the Anambas Islands so that tourists feel that the distance is far away and are reluctant to visit them. Overall, digital-based development is limited to uploading on social media, even though the understanding of digital-based development is broader and far from just sharing on social media. The government should have the ability to innovate and adapt in the face of various changes, such as preparing development plans based on various information on transportation access telecommunications, which can provide complete information to potential visitors so that they can have a variety of experiences.

Anthony Danladi Ali, Terngu Sylvanus Nomishan

This paper explores the significant impact of transportation on the urbanization of Lokoja from 1854 to 1991. Lokoja, strategically positioned at the confluence of the Niger and Benue rivers, benefits from its prime location on the main road connecting northern and southern Nigeria. This advantageous positioning has made it a critical hub in the nation's communication network. The modern urban development of Lokoja accelerated in 1991 with the creation of Kogi State and the designation of Lokoja as its capital. This event triggered a substantial influx of people from various parts of Nigeria, leading to rapid urban expansion. As the population grew, the demand for a robust and strategic transportation infrastructure became increasingly pressing. The study draws on a diverse range of data sources, including primary sources like oral interviews and archival materials, as well as secondary sources such as journals, monographs, and books. The findings underscore the necessity of transforming Lokoja's transport systems to sustain its economic and human development. Specifically, enhancing both road and water transport systems is crucial to boosting economic activities in the town. Furthermore, the study advocates for the revitalization of Lokoja's pre-colonial and colonial water transport systems. This rejuvenation is seen as essential for the economic prosperity of the town and the well-being of its residents. By improving these transport networks, Lokoja can better support its expanding population and foster continued urban and economic growth.

Rana Muhammad Amir Latif, Muhammad Jamil, Jinliao He et al.

City zones have become increasingly overcrowded due to the extensive population widening ratio and the swift relocation of people from villages. The traffic monitoring process is a significant issue in these areas due to the massive traffic flow on the roads. This research proposed a cluster-based improved authentication and communication protocol for an Intelligent Transportation System in Vehicular AdHoc Networks (VANETs). Our primary objective is to optimize resource sharing in vehicular communication. We enhanced the reliability, scalability, and stability of fast-moving VANETs by introducing cluster-based routing protocols for Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications. We used a third-party certification authority for vehicle authentication to address security and privacy concerns. Our proposed protocol support minimizes the end-to-end (E2E) delay and route request and reduces link failure. Our protocol’s leading yield includes throughput enhancement, TCP Socket Initialization time minimization, TCP handshake response speedup, and DNS lookup improvement. The protocols are centered on short-range peer-to-peer (P2P) wireless communication in a 400 m radius cluster. They include innovative P2P wireless communications on VANET using minimized resources. The proposed protocols deliver a secure authentication mechanism with a securely generated vehicle authentication key provided by a certification authority. Furthermore, we have developed RESTful APIs in vehicular communication for implementation purposes and also offered and implemented algorithms for resource sharing regarding V2V and V2I communication. Ultimately, we evaluated the performance of our experiments.

Iulia IVAȘCENCO

This paper examines the role of redundancy and robust supplier relationships in enhancing supply chain resilience, specifically focusing on the cosmetics industry. It explores strategic redundancy measures such as maintaining safety stock levels, diversifying transportation modes, strategic distribution center locations, and collaborating with backup suppliers. The study further discusses the importance of robust supplier relationships and details strategies to strengthen these relationships, including effective communication, collaborative planning, aligning goals, and fair and ethical treatment. To illustrate these concepts, the paper leverages case studies from global corporations, including Unilever, Estée Lauder, Toyota, Nike, Coca-Cola, Procter & Gamble, Apple, and Walmart. Conclusively, it provides future outlooks and actionable recommendations for enhancing resilience in the cosmetics industry's supply chain.

NIU Lipeng, ZHANG Sha, ZHANG Zhaoyang et al.

With the wide application of intelligent and network technologies in the transportation industry, intelligent driving of mine truck has become an inevitable trend in the development of mining industry. Simulation test is one of the important means to accelerate the development and implementation of intelligent driving technology. Different from the intelligent single-vehicle solution of passenger car autonomous driving, the intelligent mining truck system takes the ground management and supervision system as the center for comprehensive dispatch and command, and the mining environment is complex and time-varying, which brings great challenges to the safe operation of intelligent driving of mine truck. Therefore, according to the characteristics of multi-vehicle collaborative control and complex and changeable environment of mine trucks, this paper builds a set of mine trucks intelligent multi-vehicle collaborative simulation platform that includes ground management and supervision system, vehicle intelligent driving computing platform, mining scene model, vehicle sensor model, and multi-vehicle collaborative simulation communication interface. This simulation platform has been successfully applied to the testing of on-board decision control algorithms and ground dispatch planning algorithms for a mining truck intelligent driving project, and can provide test support for the research and development of multi-vehicle intelligent technology.

Amit Pundir, Sanjeev Singh, Manish Kumar et al.

Wireless communication technologies, smart sensors, enormously enhanced computational capabilities, intelligent controls merge to form Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs). The synergy achieved due to this integration will considerably transform how humans’ interaction with engineered systems in future smart cities. Such cities will leverage technologies to design, develop, and implement intelligent solutions to provide inclusive development, efficient community infrastructure, and a clean and sustainable environment. One of the domains likely to witness paradigm- shift in future smart cities is transport. The development of urban structures, functionality, and prosperity are intricately connected to how the city designs its mobility infrastructure. Shortly, all vehicles and roadside infrastructures in a city-wide ITS will be enabled with integrated smart sensors, edge computing devices and communication units to provide diversified and inclusive services to its residents. Nonetheless, due to the high heterogeneity and complexity of cross-cutting aspects of CPS, the transportation domain is susceptible to cyber vulnerabilities, threats, illegal access, cyber-attacks, unauthorized information sharing, and so on. This paper attempts to understand smart CPS-enabled transportation systems, it’s conceptual framework, the connected and automated vehicles and other associated technologies and communication networks. Finally, we present the expected demands of the transportation domain in a future smart city and the capabilities of CPS in a demand-supply framework. However, the major intellectual challenge lies in effectively designing-developing-deploying models and algorithms to harness the powers of the integrated TCPS system implemented in the intended environment.

Yexin Duan, Junhua Zou, Xingyu Zhou et al.

Abstract Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples. However, existing attacks exhibit relatively low efficacy in generating transferable adversarial examples. Improved transferability to address this issue is proposed via a rotation‐invariant attack method that maximizes the loss function w.r.t the random rotated image instead of the original input at each iteration, thus mitigating the high correlation between the adversarial examples and the source models and making the adversarial examples more transferable. Extensive experiments show that the proposed method can significantly improve the transferability of the adversarial examples with almost no extra computational cost and can be integrated into various methods. In addition, when this method is easily applied through a plug‐in, the average attack success rate against six robustly trained models increases by 5.4% over the state‐of‐the‐art baseline method, demonstrating its effectiveness and efficiency. The codes used are publicly available at https://github.com/YeXinD/Rotation‐Invariant‐Attack.

Alexander Andronov, Kristina Mahareva

Tautvydas Pravilonis, Edgar Sokolovskij

İrem Çevik, Ajantha Dahanayake

Qingqi Wang, Terumitsu Hirata

In the wake of a disaster, relief activities are expected to start immediately. To determine a better approach in dispatchment and transportation during relief activities, the primary factor is the communication and information sharing between the various parties such as airports, relief shelters and aircraft pilots. However, the effect of the information-sharing systems on the efficiency of transportation is yet to be clarified, and the differences between transport methods under different information-sharing systems are not yet known. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed different dispatch strategies corresponding to different information sharing levels and utilized the agent-based simulation modeling dynamic system to compare the air relief efficiency of different dispatch strategies. The simulation results demonstrate that the efficiency of relief activities increases as the level of information sharing improves, and different dispatch strategies have an impact on the effect of relief activities.

Bhoi Sourav Kumar, Panda Sanjaya Kumar, Mallick Chittaranjan et al.

Vehicular communication is the communication between the vehicles to provide intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) services to the end users. It is the most advance and emerging wireless technology in ad hoc network. On the other hand, construction of roads has a great impact in forwarding the data to the destination. As vehicles are moving with high speeds, the architecture of roads can change the performance of routing and data forwarding in the vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). If the construction of the roads in a city area is planned with intelligent junctions, flyovers, multilane, etc., then the performance of the system increases. In this paper, we have analyzed the impact of road elements like intersections, flyovers, multilane, buildings, hills, etc., on VANET routing and find solutions for the problems related to the performance of the system. We also simulate the impact of these elements in VANET routing and analyzed the performance using OMNeT++ network simulator and SUMO traffic simulator. The performance is studied by comparing standard GSR and GPSR position-based routing protocols.

Gabriele Iannaccone, Edoardo Marcucci, Valerio Gatta

Surges in e-commerce sales represent a huge challenge for urban freight transport. Parcel lockers constitute a valid solution for addressing the challenges home deliveries imply. In fact, eliminating courier–consumer contact (also relevant for health-related issues, as made evident by the COVID-19 pandemic) and delivering in fewer predefined places might help coping mechanisms for missed deliveries substantially. Furthermore, this option enables consolidated shipping and reduced delivery trip costs. This paper analyses and compares consumer preferences for alternative collection strategies. It investigates home delivery vs. parcel locker use and forecasts their future market shares. This is performed based on both customer socio-economic variables and the attributes characterising these alternative logistic fulfilment strategies. The case study considered tests upon a stated preference survey deployed in the city of Rome. The investigation specifically targeted young people (i.e., population under 30 years) since they represent early adopters. Discrete choice models allow both quantifying the monetary value of parcel lockers attributes (i.e., willingness to pay measures) and estimating the potential demand for this innovative delivery scheme. Results show that distance and accessibility are the main choice determinants. Furthermore, there is an overall high propensity to adopt parcel lockers. This research can support policymakers when implementing such solutions.

Dongping Song

This paper provides an overview of the container shipping supply chain (CSSC) by taking a logistics perspective, covering all major value-adding segments in CSSC including freight logistics, container logistics, vessel logistics, port/terminal logistics, and inland transport logistics. The main planning problems and research opportunities in each logistics segment are reviewed and discussed to promote further research. Moreover, the two most important challenges in CSSC, digitalization and decarbonization, are explained and discussed in detail. We raise awareness of the extreme fragmentation of CSSC that causes inefficient operations. A pathway to digitalize container shipping is proposed that requires the applications of digital technologies in various business processes across five logistics segments, and change in behaviors and relationships of stakeholders in the supply chain. We recognize that shipping decarbonization is likely to take diverse pathways with different fuel/energy systems for ships and ports. This gives rise to more research and application opportunities in the highly uncertain and complex CSSC environment.

Matti Mattila, Ajantha Dahanayke