Hasil untuk "Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc."

Dong-Kyu Kim, Woong Han, Young Chul Choi et al.

The wettability of a carbon fiber surface is an important factor that determines the strength of its bonding with matrices, and hence, an optimized criterion is required to accurately measure the wettability. In this study, the Washburn capillary rise method was used to select the capillary constant with the minimal deviation among various carbon fiber lengths, and it was applied to determine the contact angle and surface free energy of each carbon fiber length according to the wetting liquid. The smallest deviation in the contact angle was observed for a carbon fiber length of 2 inches, and this observation was attributed to the pores in the fibers and the orientation of the carbon fibers packed inside the column. By reducing the number of pores and achieving favorable packing, the surface free energy of carbon fibers can be measured with a high degree of accuracy, contributing to an improved understanding of fiber–matrix interactions.

Sayantika Debnath, Sankar Roy Maulik

Sabreen Bashir, Maqsood A Siddiqui, Abdulaziz A Al-Khedhairy et al.

Cannabis sativa (Hemp) is renowned for its diverse applications across multiple industries. This versatile plant is utilized in food production, paper manufacturing, pharmaceutical development, cosmetic formulations, biofuel generation, and most notably, in the textile sector. The hemp fiber’s mechanical performance, low cost, and environmental sustainability make it a promising alternative to conventional fiber but the plant is highly susceptible to several agronomic and environmental factors, particularly herbicides. Our research investigates the impact of glyphosate and metribuzin herbicides on Cannabis sativa fiber quantity and quality. Cellulose and hemicellulose content, mechanical properties, and morphological features of fiber from treated plants were analyzed. Herbicide treatments significantly affected fiber composition and properties. Treatment with low-concentration glyphosate resulted in a reduction of both cellulose and hemicellulose content, whereas low-concentration metribuzin induced a slight increase in cellulose levels. Exposure to high concentrations of either herbicide led to a significant decrease in both cellulose and hemicellulose components. Mechanical tests and X-Ray Diffraction revealed that low-concentration glyphosate weakened fiber’s tensile strength, whereas low-concentration metribuzin enhanced it. However, high concentrations of both herbicides decreased tensile strength. Bast fiber content initially increased with low herbicide concentrations but declined at higher levels. Scanning electron microscopy revealed progressive structural damage to fiber with increasing herbicide concentrations. Glyphosate caused surface disruption, while metribuzin induced more severe degradation, including surface erosion and bubbling at high concentrations. These findings highlight the complex effects of glyphosate and metribuzin on Cannabis sativa fiber properties, emphasizing the need for careful consideration of herbicide use in hemp cultivation for textile production.

Evelyn Alegria Vivas, Héctor Samuel Villada Castillo, Edier Gaviria Acosta

The physicochemical and structural characteristics of coffee husks obtained by humid medium were determined, from coffee grown in the municipality of Pitalito, Colombia. For this, the physicochemical characterization was carried out. Among the most significant results was the considerable fiber content of the husks, at around 70%. Of this, 17.86% corresponds to lignin. In light of this and reviewing the other parameters analyzed, it can be established that coffee husks show important and promising structural characteristics for use in the manufacture of biodegradable products, in addition to highlighting the content of microelements such as potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium, which can further serve to encourage their use.

Imran Ahmad Khan, Mumtaz Hasan Malik, Ahmad Fraz et al.

The textile sector is a major source of global pollution and resource depletion, generating waste at every stage of production, from spinning to garment manufacturing. This study addresses the critical need for sustainability in the textile industry by exploring the recycling of pre- and post-consumer textile waste to produce terry fabric. This research emphasizes a sustainable approach to recycling, utilizing pre-consumer waste, such as blowroom and carding waste, alongside post-consumer waste from discarded garments. These recycled fibres were spun into yarn and woven into terry fabric, and their properties compared to those of virgin cotton terry. While virgin cotton terry exhibited minor advantages in visual and tactile qualities, other properties remained consistent across all samples. A cost analysis further demonstrated the feasibility of producing medium to high-quality terry fabric from recycled yarn, providing a cost-effective alternative to virgin cotton. The research work contributes to the advancement of sustainable textile production, underscoring the potential of recycling to mitigate the environmental impact of the textile industry.

Xuan Luo, Duan Li, Jianye Yuan

This paper proposes a method for three-dimensional style modeling of loose sweaters. Through the correlation analysis of the three-dimensional human body and the classic sweater style, a style model was built on the three-dimensional human body model to realize efficient personalized sweater design and production. First of all, the design model was extracted from the human body model based on the characteristics of the ring-cutting algorithm. Secondly, the loose model of the sweater was established based on the chest, waist, and hip data of the human body. Subsequently, the feature line between the size information and style features was created, and curve interpolation values were combined with joint smoothing methods to generate a multi-faceted sweater style model. Finally, the mapping function was used to flatten the style model, the related styles were woven by operating the computer, and the suitability of the established sweater fabric was verified. The comparison results showed that the accuracy of the style construction of this model was improved. Through the analysis of experimental data, it can be proven that the method proposed in this paper can quickly and accurately establish a three-dimensional style model of a sweater, without the need for repeated measurements to make templates, thus saving development time.

Eva Pasquier, Kathrin Mörseburg, Kristin Syverud et al.

This article provides a concise insight into the thermoforming of airlaid CTMP pulp. First, the airlaid process was studied, showing that fiber fractionation and the retention of fines occurred in the forming head. Then, the effect of temperature and pressure during thermoforming was investigated. Harsher conditions, i.e. higher temperature and pressure, yielded greater densification of the substrate and higher tensile strength. The maximum strength was found at the highest settings tested, that is, 100 MPa and 200°C. The screening of thermoforming conditions was also compared to previously published results on wetforming. Next, the effect of softwood CTMP pulp was delineated, which on average showed the best mechanical properties at elevated freeness and high degrees of bleaching. At last, a comparison between dry forming and wetforming was made for one selected pulp quality. Here, the dryformed substrates were stiffer at low elongation, yet the wetformed substrates yielded a greater extensibility and higher tensile strength. In conclusion, dryformed pulp mostly relies on temperature and pressure for bond formation during thermoforming, which produces materials that are distinctly different from wetformed molded pulp.

Zhaoshan Wu, Liya Zhou, Xuemei Ding et al.

Abstract Practices in the textile and apparel industry (TAI) have led to numerous environmental and social problems, which have prompted extensive research on the sustainable development of the textile and apparel industry (SDTAI). This paper presents a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of the status quo in the SDTAI domain using scientometrics. From 1987 to 2019, the Web of Science core collection databases (SCI and SSCI) included 863 journal articles related to SDTAI, and our analysis results were as follows: (1) 60 critical research keywords occur in the knowledge base; (2) four research hotspots were identified; (3) five themes constituted the main knowledge area; and (4) based on the knowledge base, research hotspot, and knowledge domain, the knowledge structure consisted of nine subjects and five systems. This paper proposes a knowledge roadmap that can be helpful for practitioners and academicians to better understand the current sustainable development status and trends in the TAI.

Natalija Sadretdinova, Sergij Bereznenko, Larysa Bilotska et al.

Functionality and comfort are important requirements for adaptive clothing. To ensure the compliance of clothing with these requirements, it is necessary to take into account, on the one hand, consumer conditions, on the other hand specific needs driven from social and psychophysiological adaptation to the living conditions. Thus, for people who are restricted to the sitting position for their entire life due to their disabilities, it is important to avoid skin diseases that occur in conditions of constant contact of the skin with hard surfaces under pressure. Therefore, the aim of our work was to improve functional clothing for disabled people based on the analysis of ergonomics and consumer requirements through the application of new technologies.

Walaikorn Nitayaphat, Thanut Jintakosol

In this work, a novel and eco-friendly biosorbent, regenerated silk fibroin bead (rSFB) was successfully produced and used as a low-cost adsorbent to remove silver ion from wastewater. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrated that rSFB could effectively remove silver ion in particular. Factors influencing the adsorption of silver ion, e.g. contact time, solution pH, and adsorbent dosage were systematically investigated. Isotherm equilibrium studies demonstrated that the silver ion adsorption process followed the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity for silver ion was estimated to be 62.50 mg/g and the removal efficiency could reach up to 98.82%. The kinetics study showed that the adsorption process followed the second-order kinetic model. The adsorbent was stable and active for up to four successive cycles. The batch experimental results suggested that rSFB could be used as an efficient adsorbent to remove silver from wastewater.

Arwa Elaissi, Hamza Alibi, Adel Ghith et al.

This paper aims to assess the potential for the use of waste cellulosic fibers and recycled grains as materials for the development of abrasives. However, abrasive wear produces low durability and a lot of waste. The improvement of adhesion between the components of composites is the key to extending their lifetime. For this purpose, the surface of the fiber was modified by cationic reactive agents. Composites were manufactured with treated fibers, polyurethane matrix, and iron shavings as abrasive grains. To obtain this product, the coating phenomenon is maintained. DSC and TGA analysis show the thermal stability of abrasives. Contact angle and zeta potential measurements have been used to evaluate the specific surface-chemical changes imparted by surface treatments of specimens. EDX and SEM observations indicate that matrix-reinforcing particle-phase boundaries have a very important effect on the using properties of these materials and revealed that the abrasion resistance of composite is sensitive to fiber/matrix adhesion.

Xinlin Zhao, Xiuye Wei, Yuan Guo et al.

Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), as one of the most important traditional natural fiber crops, had almost been forgotten for the last several decades. However, an unprecedented opportunity has emerged for planting this crop due to its multiple uses and products derived from the plant as well as its quick-growing and strong adaptability to a wide range of agro-environmental conditions. Furthermore, the decision from the United Nations’ Commission for Narcotic Drugs that removing medicinal cannabis from a category of dangerous drugs (Schedule IV of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961) in December 2020 has also greatly promoted the hemp’s revival. Nowadays, industrial hemp has many agro-industrial applications, such as agriculture, textiles, papermaking, construction, bio-fuel. This review analyzes the current hemp production status throughout the world and outlines the main applications of industrial hemp in different fields. The outlook and the remaining questions that need to be solved in the future for the better development of industrial hemp were also discussed, such as how to promote the hemp planting in more broad regions, how to obtain high yields of aim products, and how to fully explore its usages in the future.

Sagar Sarangi, Birendra Kumar Singh

The early growth of micro-cracks develops due to plastic and dry shrinkage weakens conventional concrete’s mechanical properties; which can be improved by introducing discrete and randomly oriented natural and synthetic textile fibers, like sisal, banana, and nylon in concrete matrix. Previously, researchers focused only on double hybrid fiber reinforced concrete, whereas triple hybrid fiber reinforced concrete requires a further behavioral study on fiber reinforced concrete’s mechanical characteristics. In this paper, we investigate the mechanical properties induced by the addition of discrete and randomly oriented textile fibers to the cementing matrix in a varying volume fraction of 0.5% vf to 2% vf along with 1% vf triple hybrid. BF0.5% vf, SF1.5% vf, NF1% vf & HFRC (SF0.5BF0.25NF0.25) % vf gives optimum fiber dose in the composite. As a rule, the specimens gain impressive compressive strength. Most of them exhibit enhanced tensile properties compared to the control specimen. These developments signal the advent of an eco-friendly, economical, and highly sustainable alternative to conventional concrete.

Anna Kärkönen, Risto Korpinen, Eila Järvenpää et al.

The fiber length, chemical composition, and mycototoxins of oat and barley hulls were analyzed in order to study the suitability to utilize hulls for paper and paperboard manufacturing. Oat fibers were observed to be slightly longer than those of barley (0.80 ± 0.19 mm and 0.51 ± 0.17 mm, respectively). There were no differences in the composition of the hemicellulose sugars, with the predominance of xylose and glucose. The amount of Klason lignin in oat and barley hulls was at almost the same level (23% and 25% of dry weight, respectively). Guaiacyl (G) units derived from coniferyl alcohol dominated as shown by pyrolysis-GC-MS. To achieve fibrillation beneficial for the papermaking, oat and barley hulls were refined with a disc refiner. Oat hulls were observed to be harder than barley hulls. This affected both calendering and the appearance of the sheets produced. Laboratory sheets were prepared in a sheet-former with different percentage of softwood pulp and oat and barley hulls. Hull-containing paper mostly met the same quality requirements as the commercial paper except for the burst strength in sheets containing either species’ hulls, and the tensile strength in sheets containing barley hulls.

Qing Chen, Maofei Mei, Rong Zheng et al.

Both face and back sides of cotton weft-knitted fabrics in five knitting structures (plain, rib, interlock, single pique, and double pique) were investigated based on modified water drop test (methods I and II) in terms of water diffusion time. The water drop height was raised from 1 cm to 20 cm and water drop volume was increase from 0.1 mL to 0.5 mL. The water diffusion time greatly decreased with the variation in water drop height from 0 to 15 cm. Water diffusion time was also influenced by water volume at 0.1–0.2 mL for the different structures and surfaces. It was found that the structures behaved differently, and two surfaces of fabric were capable of asymmetric water absorption property. The face side of single pique and the back side  double pique had better water diffusion property. Besides, vertical wicking rate and the drying rate (methods I and II) were also conducted to evaluate the different structures. Although the plain structure was widely used for inner garments in the market, the interlock fabric was recommended in nonsweating conditions due to its poor water spreading and better drying ability, while the single-pique fabric was recommended in heavy sweating conditions due to its better water absorption ratio and faster drying rate.

Mustapha Nouri, Ismail Griballah, Mahfoud Tahlaiti et al.

The Ampelodesmos mauritanicus plant, Mauritanian grass or also called ‘Diss’, is a perennial abundant plant on the Mediterranean contour, having attractive characteristics for ecofriendly materials. This work aims to highlight the potential of the Diss fibers elements by assessing their use as reinforcement for polymer matrices (bio-composite). So, untreated and treated Diss fibers by chemical (soda, silane and acetic acid) and thermal treatment have been manually extracted and characterized to evaluate their surface condition as well as their chemical composition, their mechanical properties and their thermal stability. The obtained results have shown many advantages look promising for such an application, especially the fact that the Diss fiber bundles has small diameter (89 ± 22 μm), a rough surface with the presence of thorns, a low density of 0.93 g/cm3, and a tensile strength that can reach 270 MPa. Furthermore, all the treatments adopted have shown improvements regarding the fibrillation of fiber bundles (could reach −40% for the diameter), their surface state, their thermal stability and their mechanical behavior (could reach +60% for Young’s modulus and +15% for tensile stress).

Č. Mizera, D. Herák, P. Hrabě et al.

Viscoelastic behavior is an important parameter for the use of natural fibers in technical applications. Mathematical models to describe the relaxation and creep behavior of Ensete fibers were investigated. The aim of the experiment was to describe the short-term creep and relaxation behavior under tension loading. The fibers of Ensete ventricosum, originally from Ethiopian region Hawasa, were used in this experiment. Moisture content Mc = 8.54 ± 0.42% (d. b.) of the samples were determined. The viscoelastic tests were performed at six load levels (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90% of yarn breaking load). Measured values of the relaxation and creep behavior were fitted to the mathematical models. The results show that generalized Maxwell model and Kelvin-Voight model with two branches can be used to describe relaxation and creep behavior of Ensete fibers.

Hiep Le Chi, Petr Louda, Aravin Prince Periyasamy et al.

Textile-reinforced Portland cement-based concrete has been researched and developed over the last few decades. It was widely used in a different range of applications, such as repair and/or strengthening of structural elements, thin walls, lightweight structures, façade elements, and others. Due to its varied application, this study aims to develop the carbon textile-reinforced geopolymer composite. Specimens of rectangular form with the dimensions of 400 × 100 × 15 mm³, reinforced with carbon textile, were produced. Four-point bending test was used to evaluate the effect of carbon textile on the mechanical strength of reinforced geopolymer composite based on the three factors: the different mortar compositions corresponding to the addition of the chopped basalt fiber (BF), the number of carbon textile layers, and the different thicknesses of the mortar cover layer. Besides that, a small part of the pull-out test was also considered to assess the adhesion strength at the interface between carbon textile and geopolymer mortar. The experimental results from the four-point bending test showed that the mechanical strength of composite specimens increased when the content of the chopped basalt fiber increased. With the increasing number of the textile layers, the specimens improved the flexural strength significantly. However, the flexural toughness of the specimens reinforced with three textile layers did not improve, as compared to those reinforced with two textile layers. The experimental results for the specimens related to the mortar cover thicknesses indicated that specimens with the mortar cover thickness of 2 mm provide the best strength. The experimental results from the pull-out tests showed that all the specimens have the same failure mode by slipping of the fiber yarn from the matrix.

Altaf Hussain, Zafar Ullah Zafar, Habib-Ur-Rehman Athar et al.

An 8 × 8 diallel crossing system was employed in F1 generation of cotton to study the inheritance pattern of fiber related traits like micronaire, strength and maturity under normal and hypoxia conditions. Analysis of variance revealed significant variation (P < 0.01) for all the traits under both environments. The regression coefficient b deviated significantly from zero but not from unity for all studies traits allowed further analysis of the data. The additive component (D) was significant for all the traits and more than the values of dominance components H1 and H2 in case of fiber strength under both conditions and for fiber uniformity under normal conditions thus showing the preponderance of additive genetic effects. For micronaire non-additive effects were predominant under both environments. Estimates of narrow sense heritability for micronaire were 38.6% under normal and 49.5% for hypoxia, 79 and 80% for fiber strength and for fiber uniformity the estimates were 79% under normal conditions and 63% under hypoxia conditions. Predominance of additive genetic effects, high heritability along with partial dominance for fiber strength under both conditions and for fiber uniformity under normal conditions is indicative of early generation selection but for micronaire under both conditions selection may be practiced in later generations.