Hasil untuk "Social Sciences"

Dr. Kirstin K. Holsman

The Working Group II contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides a comprehensive assessment of the scientific literature relevant to climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. The report recognizes the interactions of climate, ecosystems and biodiversity, and human societies, and integrates across the natural, ecological, social and economic sciences. It emphasizes how efforts in adaptation and in reducing greenhouse gas emissions can come together in a process called climate resilient development, which enables a liveable future for biodiversity and humankind. The IPCC is the leading body for assessing climate change science. IPCC reports are produced in comprehensive, objective and transparent ways, ensuring they reflect the full range of views in the scientific literature. Novel elements include focused topical assessments, and an atlas presenting observed climate change impacts and future risks from global to regional scales. Available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

William L. Hamilton

Abstract Graph-structured data is ubiquitous throughout the natural and social sciences, from telecommunication networks to quantum chemistry. Building relational inductive biases into deep learnin...

T. VanderWeele

Ankur Joshi, Saket Kale, Satish Chandel et al.

Likert scale is applied as one of the most fundamental and frequently used psychometric tools in educational and social sciences research. Simultaneously, it is also subjected to a lot of debates and controversies in regards with the analysis and inclusion of points on the scale. With this context, through reviewing the available literature and then clubbing the received information with coherent scientific thinking, this paper attempts to gradually build a construct around Likert scale. This analytical review begins with the necessity of psychometric tools like Likert scale andits variants and focuses on some convoluted issues like validity, reliability and analysis of the scale.

Rob Kitchin

This article examines how the availability of Big Data, coupled with new data analytics, challenges established epistemologies across the sciences, social sciences and humanities, and assesses the extent to which they are engendering paradigm shifts across multiple disciplines. In particular, it critically explores new forms of empiricism that declare ‘the end of theory’, the creation of data-driven rather than knowledge-driven science, and the development of digital humanities and computational social sciences that propose radically different ways to make sense of culture, history, economy and society. It is argued that: (1) Big Data and new data analytics are disruptive innovations which are reconfiguring in many instances how research is conducted; and (2) there is an urgent need for wider critical reflection within the academy on the epistemological implications of the unfolding data revolution, a task that has barely begun to be tackled despite the rapid changes in research practices presently taking place. After critically reviewing emerging epistemological positions, it is contended that a potentially fruitful approach would be the development of a situated, reflexive and contextually nuanced epistemology.

D. Simberloff, Jean-Louis Martin, P. Genovesi et al.

Neil W. Adger, J. Barnett, K. Brown et al.

Chaim Noy

During the past two decades we have witnessed a rather impressive growth of theoretical innovations and conceptual revisions of epistemological and methodological approaches within constructivist‐qualitative quarters of the social sciences. Methodological discussions have commonly addressed a variety of methods for collecting and analyzing empirical material, yet the critical grounds upon which these were reformulated have rarely been extended to embrace sampling concepts and procedures. The latter have been overlooked, qualifying only as a ‘technical’ research stage. This article attends to snowball sampling via constructivist and feminist hermeneutics, suggesting that when viewed critically, this popular sampling method can generate a unique type of social knowledge—knowledge which is emergent, political and interactional. The article reflects upon researches about backpacker tourists and marginalized men, where snowball sampling was successfully employed in investigating these groups' organic social networks and social dynamics. In both studies, interesting interrelations were found between sampling and interviewing facets, leading to a reconceptualization of the method of snowball sampling in terms of power relations, social networks and social capital.

Paul A. Cairns, Anna Cox

G. Wagner, J. Frick, J. Schupp

After the introduction in Section 2, we very briefly sketch out current theoretical and empirical developments in the social sciences. In our view, they all point in the same direction: toward the acute and increasing need for multidisciplinary longitudinal data covering a wide range of living conditions and based on a multitude of variables from the social sciences for both theoretical investigation and the evaluation of policy measures. Cohort and panel studies are therefore called upon to become truly interdisciplinary tools. In Section 3, we describe the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP), in which we discuss recent improvements of that study which approach this ideal and point out existing shortcomings. Section 4 concludes with a discussion of potential future issues and developments for SOEP and other household panel studies.

Richard Buchanan

L. Huddy

M. Douglas

Jonathon E. Mote, M. Callon

José L. Duarte, Jarret T. Crawford, Charlotta Stern et al.

Nafis Dwi Kartiko, Amrie Firmansyah

This study explores the relationship between green banking disclosure, firm performance, and firm value, with firm size and age as moderating variables. The study analyzed 578 observations from 43 banking companies in Indonesia. The findings reveal that green banking disclosure significantly negatively impacts firm performance and value, suggesting that green banking efforts may not always yield positive shortterm financial outcomes. However, firm size and age were found to moderate these relationships. Based on these findings, the study highlights the importance of carefully designed green banking strategies and a deeper understanding of their financial impacts by banking management. It also emphasizes the need for sustained commitment to learning and adapting to integrate sustainability into banking operations.

B. Sovacool, Sarah E. Ryan, P. Stern et al.

Jefferson S. Costa, Angelo Lunardi, Alessio Iovine et al.

Model predictive control (MPC) has emerged as a highly regarded control strategy in power electronics for renewable energy applications. While it minimizes tracking errors and control effort, a significant challenge is the lack of systematic tuning strategies to meet these systems’ energy quality performance requirements. This paper proposes a comprehensive MPC tuning methodology for grid-integrating converters with LCL filters, incorporating modulation and delay compensation. We conduct a stability analysis to define precise constraints for cost function weights. The fine-tuning strategy systematically maps a Figure of Merit (FoM) for system performance using an advanced computational model, revealing that optimal tunings reside in narrow parameter regions. Experimental validation on a 2 kW workbench confirmed that all proposed MPC tunings met IEEE Std. 519-2014 power quality criteria and consistently outperformed a two-sample deadbeat controller, exhibiting enhanced dynamic response and power quality.

Jerjes Aguirre Ochoa, Hugo Herrera Torres

La construcción de obra pública se constituye como uno de los principales generadores de corrupción en México. Este artículo analiza específicamente la corrupción en la obra pública municipal en México desde una perspectiva de corrupción estructural, utilizando un enfoque etnográfico y entrevistas a profundidad con actores clave en la ejecución de la obra pública municipal. Se argumenta que la corrupción en obras públicas no es simplemente un problema de supervisión individual, sino un proceso complejo de corrupción arraigado en las transiciones democráticas de México, donde la obra pública se convierte en un medio para financiar actividades políticas y electorales. El enfoque de corrupción estructural resulta útil para comprender esta forma de corrupción arraigada en las instituciones políticas y sociales mexicanas. Se destacan la falta de rendición de cuentas, la persistencia y continuidad de prácticas corruptas a lo largo del tiempo y la ineficacia de las instituciones de vigilancia y control de los recursos públicos como características de la corrupción estructural. Se concluye que la solución a este problema complejo debe abordarse desde una perspectiva multidimensional, considerando aspectos como la mejora de los procesos electorales, la rendición de cuentas y la construcción de una gobernanza efectiva en el manejo de los recursos públicos.

James M. Berzuk, Lauren Corcoran, Brannen McKenzie-Lefurgey et al.

Contemporary robots are increasingly mimicking human social behaviours to facilitate interaction, such as smiling to signal approachability, or hesitating before taking an action to allow people time to react. Such techniques can activate a person's entrenched social instincts, triggering emotional responses as though they are interacting with a fellow human, and can prompt them to treat a robot as if it truly possesses the underlying life-like processes it outwardly presents, raising significant ethical questions. We engage these issues through the lens of informed consent: drawing upon prevailing legal principles and ethics, we examine how social robots can influence user behaviour in novel ways, and whether under those circumstances users can be appropriately informed to consent to these heightened interactions. We explore the complex circumstances of human-robot interaction and highlight how it differs from more familiar interaction contexts, and we apply legal principles relating to informed consent to social robots in order to reconceptualize the current ethical debates surrounding the field. From this investigation, we synthesize design goals for robot developers to achieve more ethical and informed human-robot interaction.