Hasil untuk "Semantics"

D. Volpano, C. Irvine, Geoffrey Smith

A. Kennedy, J. L. Simpson, Pankaj Kumar et al.

NRMI This chapter presents Natural Remote Method Invocation (NRMI): a middleware mechanism that provides a fully-general implementation of call-by-copy-restore semantics for arbitrary linked data structures, used as parameters in remote procedure calls. As a parameter passing semantics, call-by-copy-restore is more natural than traditional call-by-copy, enabling remote calls to behave much like local calls. We discuss in depth the effects of calling semantics for middleware, present scenarios in which NRMI is more convenient to use than regular Java RMI, and describe three efficient implementations of call-by-copy-restore middleware, showing how the lessons of NRMI are reusable in different settings. Remote Procedure Call (RPC) [10] is one of the most widespread paradigms for distributed middleware. The goal of RPC middleware is to provide an interface for remote services that is as convenient to use as local calls. RPC middleware with call-by-copy-restore semantics has been often advocated in the literature, as it offers a good approximation of local execution (call-by-reference) semantics, without sacrificing performance. Nevertheless , call-by-copy-restore middleware is not often used to handle arbitrary linked data structures , such as lists, graphs, trees, hash tables, or even non-recursive structures such as a " customer " object with pointers to separate " address " and " company " objects. This is a

C. Strapparava, Rada Mihalcea

The "Affective Text" task focuses on the classification of emotions and valence (positive/negative polarity) in news headlines, and is meant as an exploration of the connection between emotions and lexical semantics. In this paper, we describe the data set used in the evaluation and the results obtained by the participating systems.

Cindy Lorena Gómez-Heredia, Jose David Ardila-Useda, Andrés Felipe Cerón-Molina et al.

Accurate color property measurements are critical for advancing artificial vision in real-time industrial applications. RGB imaging remains highly applicable and widely used due to its practicality, accessibility, and high spatial resolution. However, significant uncertainties in extracting chromatic information highlight the need to define when conventional digital images can reliably provide accurate color data. This work simultaneously compares six chromatic properties across 700 Pantone^® TCX fabric samples, using optical data acquired simultaneously from both hyperspectral (HSI) and digital (RGB) cameras. The results indicate that the accurate interpretation of optical information from RGB (sRGB and REC2020) images is significantly influenced by lightness (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>*</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) values. Samples with bright and unsaturated colors (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>*</mo></mrow></msup><mo>></mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> 50) reach ratio-to-performance-deviation (RPD) values above 2.5 for four properties (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>*</mo></mrow></msup><mo>,</mo><mo> </mo><msup><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>*</mo></mrow></msup><mo>,</mo><mo> </mo><msup><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>*</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>h</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>b</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), indicating a good correlation between HSI and RGB information. Absolute color difference comparisons (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mo>∆</mo><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) between HSI and RGB images yield values exceeding 5.5 units for red-yellow-green samples and up to 9.0 units for blue and purple tones. In contrast, relative color differences (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mo>∆</mo><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) comparisons show a significant decrease, with values falling below 3.0 for all lightness values, indicating the practical equivalence of both methodologies according to the Two One-Sided Test (TOST) statistical analysis. These results confirm that RGB imagery achieves reliable color consistency when evaluated against a practical reference.

Ibrahim Al-Shourbaji, Abdalla Alameen

Reliable and accurate solar radiation (SR) prediction is crucial for renewable energy development amid a growing energy crisis. Machine learning (ML) models are increasingly recognized for their ability to provide accurate and efficient solutions to SR prediction challenges. This paper presents an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model optimized using feature selection techniques based on Explainable AI (XAI) methods to enhance SR prediction performance. The developed ANN model is evaluated using a publicly available SR dataset, and its prediction performance is compared with five other ML models. The results indicate that the ANN model surpasses the other models, confirming its effectiveness for SR prediction. Two XAI techniques, LIME and SHAP, are then used to explain the best-performing ANN model and reduce its complexity by selecting the most significant features. The findings show that prediction performance is improved after applying the XAI methods, achieving a lower MAE of 0.0024, an RMSE of 0.0111, a MAPE of 0.4016, an RMSER of 0.0393, a higher <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> score of 0.9980, and a PC of 0.9966. This study demonstrates the significant potential of XAI-driven feature selection to create more efficient and accurate ANN models for SR prediction.

Borys Kuzikov, Pavlo Tytov, Oksana Shovkoplias

In today’s digital world, website content accessibility for all users, including people with disabilities, is crucial. This paper examines the accessibility of web content on the websites of Ukrainian higher education institutions to assess their compliance with modern standards and requirements. The goal is to identify problematic aspects and develop strategies for improving the accessibility of educational web resources. The study covered data from the main pages of 372 higher education institution websites, whose addresses were obtained from the Unified State Electronic Database on Education (“USEDE”). The built-in accessibility enhancement tools used on these pages were analyzed. The paper also summarizes global experience in regulating web accessibility requirements. The analyzed regulatory documents include Web Content Accessibility Guidelines version 2.1 in their rules. Automated analysis tools WAVE and Axe were used to assess website compliance with the Guidelines. Results showed that the most common problems were insufficient highlighting of hyperlinks (characteristic of 84.8% of sites, Success criteria (SC) 2.4.4, 4.1.2), insufficient element contrast (84.6%, SC 1.4.3), lack of alternative text for images (42.9%; SC 1.1.1), and non-compliance with markup and semantics requirements. The conclusions present an analysis of the problems identified during the study, along with the authors’ recommendations for addressing them. The analysis results were systematized and published on a specially created web resource. The authors plan to conduct similar studies on an ongoing basis. It is also necessary to pay attention to problems identified when using automatic analysis tools. The Axe tool identified 11.875 cases of element contrast issues, accounting for 24% of the total number of detected problems. However, this figure is not final, as it does not account for the full range of possible color perception violations and overlooks the contrast of elements against backgrounds with non-uniform colors.

Alfredos Schinas, Stefanos Basim Atata, Dimitris Tsiourvas et al.

Soft nanocomposites were prepared by dispersing lipophilic carbon quantum dots (CQDs) in the liquid crystal compound 8CB. The quality of the dispersion was evaluated using fluorescence microscopy, while the microstructure of the samples was examined via polarized optical microscopy. We investigated the influence of CQDs on the orientational order parameter <i>S</i> as a function of temperature and sample composition by measuring birefringence. Additionally, the Fréedericksz transition threshold, along with the characteristic response and relaxation times, was measured for each sample as a function of temperature and applied voltage amplitude. The extracted rotational viscosity <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>γ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> exhibits a pretransitional divergence upon cooling toward the smectic-A phase. Its temperature dependence was analyzed using established models from the literature, and the corresponding activation energy was determined. Notably, our analysis suggests that the presence of CQDs alters the power-law dependence of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>γ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> on the orientational order parameter <i>S</i>. The influence of CQDs on the elastic constants has been investigated.

Majid Salehbek, Abdolghader Pariz, Parvin Sanei

With a systematic and systematic view, Saussure considers language to be a set of signs, and therefore, in her linguistic theory, sign is the main keyword. Signs are also very important in translation, and the translator should be able to identify the relationships between them by knowing the words of the text accurately and use these relationships for a more accurate translation; This issue is doubly important in the translation of the Holy Quran. Among the words used in the Holy Qur'an, whose semantic analysis requires attention and precision, is the word "Sehr". The present research, which was carried out in an analytical-descriptive method, tries to answer the question with a semantic-structuralist approach, how the different levels and layers of meaning of the word "Sehr" are formed in the Holy Quran, and the concept of "sohar" in the use of the Holy Quran, based on The axis of substitution and companionship is synonymous with which words? And the obtained result states that although both in the Persian original of the word "Sehr" and in the Arabic dictionary, one of its main meanings, "Nasab", is mentioned, but on the other hand, its association with the same word causes it to have a different meaning. To be therefore, translators have taken different approaches in this regard, and some of them have translated the two into relative and causative, taking into account the conflicting relationship between Nasb and Sahr. Some have translated these two as male and female. Also, although the meaning of son-in-law for the word Sahr is found in many sources, but in the ten translations examined in this article, only one of the sources, the translation of Fuladvand, gives such a meaning for this word.Keywords: Translations of the Qur'an, Relative, Ferdinand de Saussure, Succession and Cohabitation.IntroductionOne of the most important factors in the formation of meaning in a text is the relationships of substitution and association of words. Saussure, with a new and structuralist approach to language, shifted his focus from the word to the phrase, leading to a major revolution in linguistics. A part of Saussure's modern theories pertains to the two axes of substitution and association. One of the binary oppositions among signs is the contrast between two fundamental types of relationships, namely the associative relationship and the substitutive relationship or "syntagmatic" relationship in language. In other words, meaning is derived from the difference between signifiers, which are of two types: differences arising from association, also known as syntagmatic, and differences resulting from the axis of substitution.The substitutive relationship examines the reason for choosing a word for a phrase, and the associative relationship examines the reason for creating a specific order for the arrangement of words in a phrase. Thus, the substitutive relationship delves into the deeper layers of language, necessitating comparison and analogy since one must examine a word and its synonyms in various texts.The substitutive relationship is based on intertextual and intratextual relations. In this relationship, texts are always interacting with each other (Ostakhrian Haqiqi and Ahsant, 2019: 15). Chandler examines substitutive relationships in three layers: contrastive, analogical, and comparative; and associative relationships in three layers: sequential, spatial, and conceptual (Sajudi, 2019: 52).After Saussure, structuralists who have theorized about translation, including Catford and Nida, believe in the translatability of texts because they argue that what Saussure established are general rules that align with the principle of linguistic systems, and therefore, the substitutive and associative relationships that exist in one language can also be transferred to another language.Saussure specifically, and structuralism in general, hold a view aligned with translatability: "If all natural languages share a level called 'langue,' this is where translation is possible, and therefore, anything that can be expressed in one language can be expressed in another language as well, which means absolute translatability" (Mousavi Razavi, 2018: 562).Given the axes of substitution and association in Saussure's theory, the present article conducts a comparative analysis of the translation of the word "ṣahr" in Surah Al-Furqan, explaining its semantic aspects, synonyms, and related concepts. This word appears in the Quran in this form only once:﴿وَهُوَ الَّذِی خَلَقَ مِنَ الْمَاءِ بَشَرًا فَجَعَلَهُ نَسَبًا وَصِهْرًا وَکَانَ رَبُّکَ قَدِیرًا﴾ (Al-Furqan/54)and once in another form with a different meaning:﴿یُصْهَرُ بِهِ مَا فِی بُطُونِهِمْ وَالْجُلُودُ﴾ (Al-Hajj/20)which, given the semantic difference, does not seem to have the same root.The necessity of this research lies in its structuralist perspective, meticulously examining the axes of substitution and association to analyze and compare the translations of one of the disputed words in the Holy Quran.In this context, the study aims to answer the following questions:How are the different semantic levels and layers of the word "ṣahr" in the Holy Quran formed?With which synonymous words is the concept of "ṣahr" in its Quranic usage associated on the axis of substitution, and how does each synonym change the meaning of the verse?Literature ReviewNumerous articles have been written on the semantics of Quranic vocabulary, including:Akbari and Kabiri, in an article titled "The Semantics of the Word Makr in the Holy Quran" (2018), explained the verses related to this word and concluded that this term in the Quran is used for both good and evil deeds and has synonyms such as deceit, plot, arrogance, treachery, and betrayal.Among the articles addressing the subject of substitution and association are:Zafari et al., in a study titled "Semantic Components of the Word 'Nazul' with Emphasis on the Two Axes of Association and Substitution" (2017), examined the uses and derivatives of this word and its synonyms, concluding that the word has gained semantic breadth through its association with other concepts.Vafaei and Ali Nouri, in a study titled "Artistic Appropriateness in the Two Axes of Association and Substitution in the Poetry of Qaisar Aminpour" (2010), examined the poems of this poet and concluded that Aminpour deliberately chooses words on the axis of substitution to create the greatest semantic and lexical harmony in combination with other elements of speech on the axis of association.Parmehr Yabandeh et al., in a study titled "Semiotic Analysis of the Collection of Posters of the Art of Resistance Festival with Emphasis on the Two Axes of Substitution and Association of Signs" (2022), conducted an analytical-conceptual examination of these posters, concluding that in all the works, when a visual sign metaphorically expresses the concept of revolution and Iran, the understanding of the sign occurs on the axis of substitution, and the arrangement of textual and visual signs is based on the axis of association.Additionally, Mousavi Razavi, in an article titled "An Explanation of What Structuralism Is, Based on the Views of Saussure, Lévi-Strauss, and Propp, and Examining the Traces of Structuralist Thought in Contemporary Translation Theories" (2018), examined the views of structuralists on the translatability or untranslatability of texts and concluded that structuralism believes in the translatability of texts.Upon reviewing the studies related to the subject of the present article, it was found that no research has been conducted on this specific topic, thus indicating the innovation in this study.Research MethodologyTextual AnalysisCollect and analyze interpretive and lexical texts related to the term "صهر"from various sources such as Quranic dictionaries, lexicons, and Quranic commentaries.Examine the usage of the term "صهر" in Arabic poetry before and after the revelation of the Quran and compare it with its usage in the Quran. Collocation AnalysisInvestigate the term "صهر" in collocation with words that appear alongside it in Quranic sentences. This includes analyzing the relationship between the term "صهر" and the term "نسب" in verse 54 of Surah Al-Furqan.Analyze different translations of the Quran and examine how various translators have rendered the term "صهر" in context with other words.Substitution AnalysisAnalyze the substitution axis of the term "صهر" with words that can replace it. For example, substituting the term "صهر" with "بعل" and "الأقربین".Examine the impact of substituting the term "صهر" with other words on the meaning of the sentence and the overall concept of the verse.Comparative AnalysisCompare different translations of the term "صهر" in the Quran and analyze their differences and similarities.Investigate the impact of substitution and collocation relationships on various interpretations of the term "صهر".Linguistic AnalysisExamine linguistic and semantic structures related to the term "صهر" using theories of linguistic semantics.Analyze the phonetic and pronunciation features of the term "صهر" and their impact on meaning.Sources and ReferencesThe Holy Quran and its various translations.Quranic commentaries including Tafsir Al-Mizan, Tafsir Majma' Al-Bayan, and Tafsir Nemooneh.Reputable lexicons such as Lisan Al-Arab, Taj Al-Aroos, and Quranic dictionaries.Articles and books related to semantics and theories of substitution and collocation.Pre-Islamic Arabic poetry and poetry after the revelation of the Quran.ConclusionThe word "sahr" (صهر) appears in the Quran only twice and in two different meanings: as "صِهْرًا" and "یُصْهَرُ." These two uses have no semantic connection and do not seem to share the same root. This paper analyzed the first usage of the word in verse 54 of Surah Al-Furqan and examined its translations based on Saussure’s theory in terms of substitution and collocation. The findings indicate that in terms of collocation, the association with the word "nasab" (نسب) plays a crucial role in the translation of "sahr" because, while one of its main meanings in both Persian and Arabic dictionaries is "kinship" (نسب), its collocation with this word gives it a different meaning. Consequently, translators have adopted various approaches regarding this term, with some translating it as "males" and "females."Although the meaning "son-in-law" for "sahr" is mentioned in several sources, only one out of the ten translations reviewed in this study, namely Fooladvand’s translation, uses this meaning.In terms of substitution, words such as "ba'al" (بعل), "al-aqrabin" (الاقربین), "arham" (ارحام), and "zawj" (زوج) are conceptually and semantically close to "sahr" and are mentioned in the Quran. However, the choice of "sahr" over these synonyms relates to the context of the verse. In the preceding verse, verse 53 of Surah Al-Furqan, Allah mentions: "He is the One who merges the two seas, one fresh and sweet, the other salty and bitter." Therefore, since verse 54 also speaks of water and its division into two opposites, it seems that "sahr" more effectively conveys the concept compared to its synonyms. Additionally, considering the preceding verse, translating "nasab" and "sahr" as opposites may be more accurate.

Francesco-Alessio Ursini, Haiping Long

The goal of this article is to offer an overview of Italian urbanonyms by analyzing the grammatical and lexical properties of urbanonyms from four cities (Rome, Naples, Milan, and Venice). A classification is offered via data extracted from each city’s PagineGialle ‘Yellow Pages’ street directories, from which three key results emerge. First, Italian urbanonyms mostly involve two distinct constructions: nominal compounds (e.g., Piazza Grande ‘Great Square’) and genitive phrases (e.g., Arco dei Volsci ‘Volsci’s Arc’). Each construction can involve two or more “layered” generic terms (e.g., via, san in Via San Francesco). Secondly, generic terms attested in Italian urbanonyms can feature both “culture-general” items (e.g., via ‘street’) and cultureand city-specific items (e.g., lungotevere ‘Tiber riverside’, naviglio ‘navigable canal’). Thirdly, urbanonyms can carry commemorative but possibly also descriptive (“appellative”) semantic functions. The article concludes by discussing how these results inform current research on urbanonyms.

Mengmeng Shao, Xiao Xie, Kaiyuan Li et al.

Coastal land use represents the combination of various land cover forms in a coastal area, which helps us understand the historical events, current conditions, and future progress of a coastal area. Currently, the emergence of high-resolution optical satellite images significantly extends the scope of coastal land cover recognition, and deep learning models provide a significant possibility of extracting high-level abstract features from an optical satellite image to characterize complicated coastal land covers. However, recognition systems for labeling are always defined differently for specific departments, organizations, and institutes. Moreover, considering the complexity of coastal land uses, it is impossible to create a benchmark dataset that fully covers all types of coastal land uses. To improve the transferability of high-level features generated by deep learning to reduce the burden of creating a massive amount of labeled data, this paper proposes an integrated framework to support semantically enriched coastal land use recognition, including foundation model-powered multi-label coastal land cover classification and conversion from coastal land cover mapping into coastal land use semantics with a vector space model (VSM). The experimental results prove that the proposed method outperformed the state-of-the-art deep learning approaches in complex coastal land use recognition.

Chii-Dong Ho, Hsuan Chang, Yu-Han Chen et al.

The absorption efficiencies of CO₂ in ceramic hollow-fiber membrane contactors using monoethanolamine (MEA) absorbent under both cocurrent- and countercurrent-flow operations were investigated theoretically and experimentally; various MEA absorbent flow rates, CO₂ feed flow rates, and inlet CO₂ concentrations were used as parameters. Theoretical predictions of the CO₂ absorption flux were analyzed by developing the mathematical formulations based on Happel’s free surface model in terms of mass transfer resistances in series. The experiments of the CO₂ absorption were conducted by using alumina (Al₂O₃) hollow-fiber membranes to confirm the accuracy of the theoretical predictions. The simplified expression of the Sherwood number was formulated to calculate the mass transfer coefficient of the CO₂ absorption incorporating experimental data. The data were obtained numerically using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method to predict the concentration distribution and absorption rate enhancement under various fiber packing configurations accomplished by the CO₂/N₂ stream passing through the fiber cells. The operations of the hollow-fiber membrane contactor encapsulating <i>N</i> = 7 fiber cells and <i>N</i> = 19 fiber cells of different packing densities were fabricated in this work to examine the device performance. The accuracy derivation between experimental results and theoretical predictions for cocurrent- and countercurrent-flow operations were <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>1.31</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>≤</mo><mi>E</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>4.35</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>3.90</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mo>≤</mo><mi>E</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>2.43</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, respectively. A maximum of 965.5% CO₂ absorption rate enhancement was found in the module with embedding multiple fiber cells compared with that in the device with inserting single-fiber cell. Implementing more fiber cells offers an inexpensive method of improving the absorption efficiency, and thus the operations of the ceramic hollow-fiber membrane contactor with implementing more fiber cells propose a low-priced design to improve the absorption rate enhancement. The higher overall CO₂ absorption rate was achieved in countercurrent-flow operations than that in cocurrent-flow operations.

Liliya Yaremko, Paweł Levchuk

By applying the survey method, the article presents and summarizes the theoretical questions of language policy, the language consciousness of students and their attitudes towards the Ukrainian language both before and after the start of the current Russo–Ukrainian war. Students from four universities took part in the survey: Kyiv National Linguistic University, Ivan Franko National University of L'viv, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, and Yuriy Fedkovych National University of Chernivtsi.

Prachi Mohanty, Sourav Marik, Ravi Prakash Singh

This paper presents structural, detailed magnetic, and exchange bias studies in polycrystalline Ba<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>ScRuO<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>6</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> synthesized at ambient pressure. In contrast to its strontium analogue, this material crystallizes in a 6L hexagonal structure with space group P<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mover><mn>3</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover></semantics></math></inline-formula>m1. The Rietveld refinement using the room-temperature powder XRD pattern suggests a Ru-Sc disorder in the structure. The temperature variation of the DC electrical resistivity highlights a semiconducting behavior with the electron conduction corresponding to Mott’s 3D variable range hopping (VRH) model. The detailed magnetization measurements show that Ba<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>ScRuO<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>6</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> develops antiferromagnetic ordering at <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>N</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>≈ 9 K. Interestingly, below 9 K (T<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mi>N</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>), the field-cooled magnetic field variation (FC) of the magnetization curves highlights an exchange bias effect in the sample. The exchange bias field reaches a maximum value of 1.24 kOe at 2 K. The exchange bias effect below the magnetic ordering temperature can be attributed to the inhomogeneous magnetic correlations due to the disorder in the structure. Remarkably, the appearance of a large exchange bias field in Ba<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>ScRuO<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>6</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> indicates that inhomogeneous hexagonal double perovskites are a promising class to explore new materials having potential applications in spintronics.

Marius Gaudesius, Yong-Chang Zhang, Thomas Pohl et al.

Considering light-mediated long-range interactions between cold atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT), we present numerical evidence of a nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) for sufficiently large number of atoms (><inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>8</mn></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>). This state manifests itself as the appearance of an anisotropic distribution of velocity when a MOT approaches the threshold beyond which self-oscillating instabilities occur. Our three-dimensional (3D) spatiotemporal model with nonlocal spatial dependencies stemming from the interatomic interactions has recently been compared successfully to predict different instability thresholds and regimes in experiments with rubidium atoms. The behavior of the NESS is studied as a function of the main MOT parameters, including its spatiotemporal characteristics.

E. Nagel

Maciej Głowacki

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26333/sts.xxxv1.06 In this paper, I analyze the semantics of the first person pronoun “I” from the perspective of the user/producer distinction. In the first part of the paper, I describe the Simple View (SV) and propose three interpretations of its thesis (following de Gaynesford, 2006). In the second part, I analyze the notions of use and production of a linguistic token. In the next part, I show that all of the interpretations of SV are sensitive to counterexamples. In the end, I discuss possible answers of the proponents of SV and argue against them. The first aim of this paper is to show that SV is wrong, and the second is to convince the reader that the user/producer distinction is of high importance in the philosophy of language.

Martin Bača, Andrea Semaničová-Feňovčíková, Tao-Ming Wang

An edge labeling of a graph <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>G</mi><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>V</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>E</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> using every label from the set <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>{</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mo>⋯</mo><mo>,</mo><mo>|</mo><mi>E</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>G</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>|</mo><mo>}</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> exactly once is a <i>local antimagic labeling</i> if the vertex-weights are distinct for every pair of neighboring vertices, where a vertex-weight is the sum of labels of all edges incident with that vertex. Any <i>local antimagic labeling</i> induces a proper vertex coloring of <i>G</i> where the color of a vertex is its vertex-weight. This naturally leads to the concept of a local antimagic chromatic number. The local antimagic chromatic number is defined to be the minimum number of colors taken over all colorings of <i>G</i> induced by <i>local antimagic labelings</i> of <i>G</i>. In this paper, we estimate the bounds of the local antimagic chromatic number for disjoint union of multiple copies of a graph.

Maike Antonio Faustino dos Santos

Nowadays, the stochastic resetting process is an attractive research topic in stochastic process. At the same time, a series of researches on stochastic diffusion in complex structures introduced ways to understand the anomalous diffusion in complex systems. In this work, we propose a non-static stochastic resetting model in the context of comb structure that consists of a structure formed by backbone in <i>x</i> axis and branches in <i>y</i> axis. Then, we find the exact analytical solutions for marginal distribution concerning <i>x</i> and <i>y</i> axis. Moreover, we show the time evolution behavior to mean square displacements (MSD) in both directions. As a consequence, the model revels that until the system reaches the equilibrium, i.e., constant MSD, there is a Brownian diffusion in <i>y</i> direction, i.e., <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">〈</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mo>Δ</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">〉</mo> <mo>∝</mo> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>, and a crossover between sub and ballistic diffusion behaviors in <i>x</i> direction, i.e., <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">〈</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mo>Δ</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">〉</mo> </mrow> <mo>∝</mo> <msup> <mi>t</mi> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </msup> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">〈</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mo>Δ</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">〉</mo> </mrow> <mo>∝</mo> <msup> <mi>t</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> respectively. For static stochastic resetting, the ballistic regime vanishes. Also, we consider the idealized model according to the memory kernels to investigate the exponential and tempered power-law memory kernels effects on diffusive behaviors. In this way, we expose a rich class of anomalous diffusion process with crossovers among them. The proposal and the techniques applied in this work are useful to describe random walkers with non-static stochastic resetting on comb structure.

E. M. Melnikova, Z. K. Gaponova

The article is devoted to the analysis of word-formation activity of the suffix - teka in modern Russian. The material was the data of modern dictionaries and a card file of the use of lexemes collected by the authors. The relevance of the study is due to the activation of the derivational potential of the formant of - teka in the Russian language. It is shown that there is still no definite opinion among linguistic scholars regarding the status of a component of Greek origin - teka : it is interpreted as a suffix, a connected root, a suffixoid. It is demonstrated by examples that it joins the free and connected foundations of Russian and foreign origin and expresses the meanings ‘collection’ and ‘repository’, metonymically related to each other and not always shared in dictionary interpretations. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of new tokens containing a suffixoid - teka ( pivoteka, lakoeka, enoteka, novoteka, poleznoteka, flirtoteka, etc.). t is noted that the ability of an affixoid to join free roots and the transparency of its semantics lead to the appearance of new formations. The article proves that this formant expands its compatibility in modern Russian. It is shown that it joins the foundations of not only the substantive, but also the adjective and verb type, while the mechanisms of language play are realized.

Erwei Liu, Qin Liao, Shengli Xu

An aerosol shock tube has been developed for measuring the ignition delay times (<i>t</i>_ig) of aerosol mixtures of low-vapor-pressure fuels and for visualization of the auto-ignition flow-field. The aerosol mixture was formed in a premixing tank through an atomizing nozzle. Condensation and adsorption of suspended droplets were not observed significantly in the premixing tank and test section. A particle size analyzer was used to measure the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) of the aerosol droplets. Three pressure sensors and a photomultiplier were used to detect local pressure and OH emission respectively. Intensified charge-coupled device cameras were used to capture sequential images of the auto-ignition flow-field. The results indicated that stable and uniform aerosol could be obtained by this kind of atomizing method and gas distribution system. The averaged SMD for droplets of toluene ranged from 2 to 5 <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">&#956;</mi> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>m at pressures of 0.14&#8722;0.19 MPa of dilute gases. In the case of a stoichiometric mixture of toluene/O₂/N₂, ignition delay times ranged from 77 to 1330 &#956;s at pressures of 0.1&#8722;0.3 MPa, temperatures of 1432&#8722;1716 K and equivalence ratios of 0.5&#8722;1.5. The logarithm of ignition delay times was approximately linearly correlated to 1000/<i>T</i>. In contrast to the reference data, ignition delay times of aerosol toluene/O₂/N₂ were generally larger. Sequential images of auto-ignition flow-field showed the features of flame from generation to propagation.