Hasil untuk "Modern"

S. Goldstein

P. Ramond

K. Anagnostidis, J. Komárek

B. Misztal

A. Tanenbaum

S. Maxwell

H. Bertoni

C. Henshilwood, C. Marean

M. Gandy

Matteo M. Defranchis, Jacopo Fanini, Apranik Fatehi et al.

We present a reanalysis of archived data from the ALEPH experiment at LEP in the $\mathrm{Z \to q\bar{q}}$ final state. We apply modern jet flavour tagging techniques to improve the separation between the different hadronic decay channels of the Z boson, achieving up to one order of magnitude improvement in misidentification rate for b- and c-quark jets compared to the legacy algorithms used for the most recent ALEPH results, for the same identification efficiency. We also present the first implementation of strange quark jet tagging with LEP data, which allows for the selection of a $\mathrm{Z \to s\bar{s}}$ enriched event sample. These improvements in the flavour tagging performance are achieved by leveraging the lifetime, particle identification, and secondary vertex information, as well as modern classifiers based on a deep learning approach. We also demonstrate the calibration of the tagger in data using a tag-and-probe method, obtaining good data to simulation agreement for all quark flavours. These results pave the way for improved measurements of electroweak precision observables with LEP archived data, and can serve as a guidance for the development of detectors and algorithms for future electron-positron colliders.

B. Keller, Jie Sui, A. Young et al.

Amber Young, Tyler Robinson, Joshua Krissansen-Totton et al.

Robust exoplanet characterization studies are underway, and the community is looking ahead toward developing observational strategies to search for life beyond our solar system. With the development of life detection approaches like searching for atmospheric chemical species indicative of life, chemical disequilibrium has also been proposed as a potentially key signature for life. Chemical disequilibrium can arise from the production of waste gases due to biological processes and can be quantified using a metric known as the available Gibbs free energy. The main goal of this study was to explore the detectability of chemical disequilibrium for a modern Earth-like analog. Atmospheric retrievals coupled to a thermodynamics model were used to determine posterior distributions for the available Gibbs free energy given simulated observations at various noise levels. In reflected light, chemical disequilibrium signals were difficult to detect and limited by the constraints on the CH4 abundance, which was challenging to constrain for a modern Earth case with simulated observations spanning ultraviolet through near-infrared wavelengths with V-band SNRs of 10, 20, and 40. For a modern Earth analog orbiting a late-type M dwarf, we simulated transit observations with the James Webb Space Telescope Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) and found that tight constraints on the available Gibbs free energy can be achieved, but only at extremely low noise on the order of several ppm. This study serves as further proof of concept for remotely inferring chemical disequilibrium biosignatures and should be included in continuing to build life detection strategies for future exoplanet characterization missions.

Junshi Chen, Xuhong Li, Russ Whiton et al.

Radio frequency (RF) signal-based localization using modern cellular networks has emerged as a promising solution to accurately locate objects in challenging environments. One of the most promising solutions for situations involving obstructed-line-of-sight (OLoS) and multipath propagation is multipathbased simultaneous localization and mapping (MP-SLAM) that employs map features (MFs), such as virtual anchors. This paper presents an extended MP-SLAM method that is augmented with a global map feature (GMF) repository. This repository stores consistent MFs of high quality that are collected during prior traversals. We integrate these GMFs back into the MP-SLAM framework via a probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter, which propagates GMF intensity functions over time. Extensive simulations, together with a challenging real-world experiment using LTE RF signals in a dense urban scenario with severe multipath propagation and inter-cell interference, demonstrate that our framework achieves robust and accurate localization, thereby showcasing its effectiveness in realistic modern cellular networks such as 5G or future 6G networks. It outperforms conventional proprioceptive sensor-based localization and conventional MP-SLAM methods, and achieves reliable localization even under adverse signal conditions.

Thomas Bernhardt

In this short note, we address two issues in the literature about modern tontines with bequest and utility maximisation: how to verify optimal controls and the decreasing allocation of funds in the tontine. We want to raise awareness in the actuarial community about the dual approach to solve optimal control problems when working with power utilities. Additionally, we point out that bequest preferences should be time-dependent or otherwise yield unrealistic investment strategies. We base our attempt at modelling bequest preferences on common sense rules like 100% payback upon death at the start that vanishes over time. Our modelling shows that the resulting investment strategy almost linearly adjusts the allocation in the tontine from 0% to 100% over time.

Wenhao Xu, Akshatha Arodi, Jian-Yun Nie et al.

Modern slavery affects millions of people worldwide, and regulatory frameworks such as Modern Slavery Acts now require companies to publish detailed disclosures. However, these statements are often vague and inconsistent, making manual review time-consuming and difficult to scale. While NLP offers a promising path forward, high-stakes compliance tasks require more than accurate classification: they demand transparent, rule-aligned outputs that legal experts can verify. Existing applications of large language models (LLMs) often reduce complex regulatory assessments to binary decisions, lacking the necessary structure for robust legal scrutiny. We argue that compliance verification is fundamentally a rule-matching problem: it requires evaluating whether textual statements adhere to well-defined regulatory rules. To this end, we propose a novel framework that harnesses AI for rule-level compliance verification while preserving expert oversight. At its core is the Compliance Alignment Judge (CA-Judge), which evaluates model-generated justifications based on their fidelity to statutory requirements. Using this feedback, we train the Compliance Alignment LLM (CALLM), a model that produces rule-consistent, human-verifiable outputs. CALLM improves predictive performance and generates outputs that are both transparent and legally grounded, offering a more verifiable and actionable solution for real-world compliance analysis.

Hasrat Efendi Samosir, Md Noor Bin Hussin, Sudianto et al.

This study explores the Constitution of Medina as an early model of prophetic political communication grounded in consensus, offering a relevant framework for managing diversity and fostering social cohesion in pluralistic societies. Utilizing a qualitative library research method, the study draws upon the primary source—the text of the Constitution of Medina—and integrates secondary literature from the field of political communication. The data were analyzed through content analysis to identify underlying communicative principles and political strategies within the Charter. The findings reveal that the Constitution operationalizes participatory dialogue and peaceful conflict resolution mechanisms, aligning closely with contemporary consensus-based political communication theories. These principles served not only to manage inter-group tensions but also to build a cooperative and just social order. The study concludes that the Constitution of Medina is not merely a historical document but a normative model that offers practical insights into inclusive governance, interfaith cooperation, and the ethical foundations of political discourse. Its relevance is especially significant today, where polarized societies seek coexistence and constructive engagement frameworks. Thus, the Medina Charter is relevant as a prophetic guide for inclusive political communication in multicultural and multireligious contexts. This study contributes to Islamic political thought and communication by providing a normative and historically grounded model for inclusive governance. It bridges classical Islamic sources with contemporary political communication theory, offering a framework applicable to modern pluralistic societies seeking ethical and participatory governance models.

Chizhevsky Andrei A. , Ponomarenko Elena V. , Orudzhov Eduard I.

The issue of agriculture in the Ananyino cultural and historical region is one of the most acute in modern archaeology of the Volga region in the Early Iron Age. Since the end of the XIX century and up to the 80s of the XX century, it was considered indisputable that agriculture existed in this area already in the early Iron Age. However, in the 90s of the XX century, there appeared works that showed the shortcomings and incomplete validity of these views. As a result of studies in recent years, it was possible to receive both indirect (palynology data on the presence of pollen from cultivated plants, information about swidden agriculture, the presence of tools for cultivating the land in collections) and direct (barley and flax finds) evidence of the existence of Ananyino agriculture. Judging by the AMS analysis of barley from the Makaryevskoye hillfort, developed agriculture existed among the population of the post-Maklasheevka culture of ACHR already in the VIII–V centuries BC.

Sergiy Sydoriv, Lidia Sydoriv

The paper examines the challenges of training educators to organize an inclusive educational environment in the context of the existential threat to the Ukrainian nation. It is stated that epistemic injustice, which the authors consider in the aspects of hermeneutical and testimonial injustice caused by the colonial policies of the aggressor state, must be addressed through mechanisms that ensure the resilience of the multi-ethnic Ukrainian nation. It is determined that this national identity comprises a complex of individual and community identities, the formation of which requires a decolonial and inclusive approach. The authors describe a study exploring the understanding of the historical period of the Ukrainian Sich Rifles among future teachers, students with special educational needs, parents, and community members. The study also examines the influence of this historical period on the formation of national identity and statehood in the first half of the 20th century and its connection to contemporary realities. It was found that respondents lack well-structured knowledge and skills in analytically comparing historical periods and the present. A methodology was developed and proposed for preparing educators and fostering inclusive interaction between teachers and students with hearing disorders. This methodology synthesizes elements of national-patriotic education using materials from the historical epoch of the Ukrainian Sich Rifles. The hypothesis was confirmed that the sign language used by deaf and hard-of-hearing Ukrainians contains elements of the calqued Russian language but lacks unique signs to denote many nationally significant linguistic units. The study substantiates the following tasks: equipping future educators and students with a contextual understanding of the historical era of the Ukrainian Sich Rifles, focusing on its educational and cultural dimensions during the liberation movements of the early 20th century; developing methods for analyzing the ideological foundations and cultural practices of that period for modern students and schoolchildren through the awareness and formation of generational continuity and connections; incorporating elements of patriotic education into inclusive practices; fostering a nationally conscious sign-language identity; and informing the international community about more than a century of Ukraine's efforts to assert its nationhood. The article emphasizes that access for young people with hearing disorders to the historical, cultural, and linguistic heritage of the nation is a vital aspect of their inclusion in the creation and defense of the state.

Svetlana V. Panikarova, Saif S. M. AL-zuwaini

Background. The digitalization of municipal services represents a critically important direction for modernizing public administration in developing countries. For Iraq, which is experiencing a period of recovery after decades of instability, the implementation of digital technologies in the sphere of municipal services is a key factor in improving the efficiency of public administration, combating corruption, and enhancing the quality of citizen services. Existing research does not contain a comprehensive analysis of municipal service digitalization in the specific conditions of Iraq, which determines the relevance of this study. The aim of the work is to comprehensively analyze the current state of municipal service digitalization in Iraq, identify main obstacles, and develop practical recommendations for improving the efficiency of digital transformation in the municipal sector. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were addressed: examining the organizational foundations of municipal service provision in Iraq; studying the stages of municipal service digitalization; assessing the current state of digital infrastructure; identifying features and barriers to digitalization; developing directions for improving the efficiency of municipal service digitalization. Materials and methods. The methodological foundation of the research was formed based on a comprehensive multi-level approach integrating quantitative and qualitative methods of scientific inquiry. A systems approach was used as the theoretical basis. The study relied on an extensive empirical base, including official statistical data from the Iraqi Ministry of Planning for 2020-2025, analytical reports from the Iraqi Ministry of Communications, and data from international organizations. Comparative analysis methods and case studies of five pilot municipal service digitalization projects implemented in 2022-2025 in various Iraqi cities were applied. Results. The three-level structure of Iraqi municipal governance was analyzed, including 18 provinces, districts, and municipalities. Three stages of digitalization development were identified: fragmented digitalization (2004-2010), expansion to the municipal level (2011-2017), and integration based on unified national standards (from 2018). It was established that 60% of municipal bodies are equipped with modern computer systems, while only 40% have high-speed internet connectivity. Key features of digitalization were identified: uneven implementation across regions, priority of basic services, dependence on international technical assistance, and influence of traditional social structures. Main barriers were determined: insufficient funding, data security issues, digital inequality, and shortage of IT specialists. A methodological model for improving the organizational and economic mechanism of municipal service quality enhancement using modern information technologies was developed. Conclusion. Municipal service digitalization in Iraq is characterized by high territorial heterogeneity and sequential evolution from fragmented solutions to an integrated ecosystem. Basic services are digitalized most successfully with significant dependence on international support. Practical recommendations were proposed for creating digital competency centers, developing public-private partnerships in IT, forming incentive systems for municipalities, and implementing the "smart city" concept. The research results can be used in developing a national strategy for public administration digitalization in Iraq. EDN: CXPFTR

Lakshay Kumar, Subhabrata Maiti

Aim: Facial imaging technology has become a pivotal tool in modern medical practice, particularly within fields such as maxillofacial prosthodontics, orthodontics, and smile design. The creation of digital twins, or virtual patients, enhances diagnostic accuracy, aids in treatment planning, and improves outcome prediction. The aim of the study was to assess the accuracy of various facial scanners, determine overall accuracy of each scanner, and identify which scanner demonstrates superior accuracy in specific facial regions. Settings and Design: An observational crossover study. Materials and Methods: Cone beam computed tomography volumetric scan was used as a control group, as it has been considered as a gold standard in terms of accuracy. For comparison, scan data were obtained from three different scanners, namely Carestream facial scanner, Medit intraoral scanner for facial scan, and MetiSmile face scanner. The standard tessellation language files thus obtained were compared for accuracy in Geomagic X software by superimposition technique and were evaluated for their accuracy using various reference points on the face. Statistical Analysis Used: Normality was confirmed using the Shapiro–Wilk test. One-way analysis of variance for comparison among groups and Tukey test for pairwise comparison was used using SPSS software (IBM SPSS version 29 USA). Results: The study concluded that MetiSmile was the best facial scanner among the three groups with a mean discrepancy of (0.35 ± 0.33) mm and P = 0.001, indicating significant difference between the scanners. Conclusion: Each scanner evaluated demonstrated acceptable performance, with notable variations attributable to their distinct scanning methodologies. Among these, the MetiSmile scanner emerged as the most accurate, delivering the most favorable results in terms of accuracy.