Hasil untuk "Languages and literature of Eastern Asia, Africa, Oceania"

Djibril Soumahoro, Yeboua Vincent

L’atteinte des Objectifs de Développement Durable (ODD) en Côte d’Ivoire ne peut être réellement effective que si les politiques s’insèrent dans des processus plus larges de diffusion en langues locales et d’une meilleure prise en compte de l’alphabétisation. Cela suppose la mise en œuvre des projets d’alphabétisation en langues locales, dont la réalisation facilite l’accès à l’information et à surmonter la barrière de la langue officielle (le français). L’alphabétisation en langue maternelle rend les concepts des ODD plus accessibles et compréhensibles pour une frange de la population. En utilisant les langues locales, les populations mieux informées peuvent adopter des comportements responsables liés à l’éducation, la santé, l’environnement et la lutte contre la pauvreté. Dans un contexte d’appropriation des objectifs de développement et d’engagement accrue des populations au développement durable du pays, cet article met l’accent sur l’apprentissage dans les langues locales.

Tristan Kneisel, Marko Schmellenkamp, Fabian Vehlken et al.

This paper explores how natural-language descriptions of formal languages can be compared to their formal representations and how semantic differences can be explained. This is motivated from educational scenarios where learners describe a formal language (presented, e.g., by a finite state automaton, regular expression, pushdown automaton, context-free grammar or in set notation) in natural language, and an educational support system has to (1) judge whether the natural-language description accurately describes the formal language, and to (2) provide explanations why descriptions are not accurate. To address this question, we introduce a representation language for formal languages, Nile, which is designed so that Nile expressions can mirror the syntactic structure of natural-language descriptions of formal languages. Nile is sufficiently expressive to cover a broad variety of formal languages, including all regular languages and fragments of context-free languages typically used in educational contexts. Generating Nile expressions that are syntactically close to natural-language descriptions then allows to provide explanations for inaccuracies in the descriptions algorithmically. In experiments on an educational data set, we show that LLMs can translate natural-language descriptions into equivalent, syntactically close Nile expressions with high accuracy - allowing to algorithmically provide explanations for incorrect natural-language descriptions. Our experiments also show that while natural-language descriptions can also be translated into regular expressions (but not context-free grammars), the expressions are often not syntactically close and thus not suitable for providing explanations.

Saleh Alkhamees, Ali Alfageeh, Bader Alkhazi et al.

Background and Context: Artificial intelligence (AI) tools have been reshaping computing and computer science education. Trust in AI is a determining factor in the adoption of these tools. Recent studies have shown different trust factors across gender and first-generation status among students. However, these studies have focused mainly on Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) populations, and their generalizability to other populations with different languages and cultures is unclear. Objective: This study aims to evaluate trust in AI among Middle Eastern computer science students and the factors that can impact it. Method. We replicate a recent study of trust in four universities in three Middle Eastern, Arabic-speaking countries: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Jordan. We analyze trust among students across different factors such as gender and first-generation status. Findings: Our results suggest that language fluency can predict trust in AI. Moreover, unlike the results from the US population where female students tended to trust AI more than their male peers, female students in Saudi Arabia indicated lower trust compared to their male counterparts, and we did not observe any noticeable differences across gender in the other countries. We also found a generally negative correlation between English language proficiency and students' confidence. Implications: This study highlights differences in students' adoption and trust in AI even within the same region. It emphasizes the need for more investigation into students' adoption and interaction in non-WEIRD regions for equitable adoption of this technology. It also suggests a need for efforts in designing effective AI systems tailored to the cultural and linguistic needs of the region.

Danuta Stasik

The tragic events that followed the demolition of Babri Masjid on 6 December 1992 in Ayodhya were the culmination of a conflict simmering for almost the entire period of independent India, especially after the 1980s, striking at democracy and secularism, two values on which independent India was built. The Hindi literary world did not remain silent to these developments. However, the literary output that emerged on the subject during this time, though largely known and studied from the perspective of communal conflict and politics, has not been explored in the context of bearing witness by the literary community—their specific gaze as a witness. This article attempts to fill this gap by looking at two poetry collections, Apnī zabān, and Yah aisā samay hai, edited by Asad Zaidī and Viṣṇu Nāgar, and published by SAHMAT in 1994. It offers a contextualised analysis of the creative expression offered by poets acting in defence of a democratic, secular state.

Lesya Kolinets, Vygintas Gontis

The integration of Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries into the European Economic Area serves as a valuable experiment for the regional economic development theory. The long-lasting convergence of these economies with more advanced Western Europe exhibits a few standard features and varying policies implemented. Even the Baltic countries, which started from very similar starting positions, demonstrate their unique trajectories of development. We employ a panel data regression model that allows coefficients to vary over time to compare the contributions of a few macroeconomic factors to the GDP growth of CEE countries. In particular, we regress the annual change of GDP per capita in PPP terms as a function of achieved GDP, price, trade, investment, and debt levels. Time-varying common slope coefficients in this approach describe the external economic environment in which countries implement their own policies. The panel consists of 11 Central and Eastern European countries (Bulgaria, Czechia, Estonia, Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, and Slovakia), which have been observed annually from 1995 to 2024. While the main selected factors of this investigation contribute to economic growth, in agreement with previous findings, the role of private debt appears vital in determining the pace of economic growth.

Jorge Fabila, Lidia Garrucho, Víctor M. Campello et al.

This study explores the use of Federated Learning (FL) for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis using chest X-rays in low-resource settings across Africa. FL allows hospitals to collaboratively train AI models without sharing raw patient data, addressing privacy concerns and data scarcity that hinder traditional centralized models. The research involved hospitals and research centers in eight African countries. Most sites used local datasets, while Ghana and The Gambia used public ones. The study compared locally trained models with a federated model built across all institutions to evaluate FL's real-world feasibility. Despite its promise, implementing FL in sub-Saharan Africa faces challenges such as poor infrastructure, unreliable internet, limited digital literacy, and weak AI regulations. Some institutions were also reluctant to share model updates due to data control concerns. In conclusion, FL shows strong potential for enabling AI-driven healthcare in underserved regions, but broader adoption will require improvements in infrastructure, education, and regulatory support.

Matefu L. Mabela, Thabo Ditsele

This study aimed to investigate and propose a pragmatic approach in the adaptation of English terminologies for scientific purposes into Northern Sotho. This is necessary because of the lack of terminologies to describe and define scientific phenomena in the language. Languages are constantly evolving, and speakers drive their evolution. The study aimed to overcome the scientific terminology development challenge for Northern Sotho by analysing existing data and using corpus linguistics as a method. The Multilingual Natural Science and Technology Dictionary Grade 4–6 (2013) was used to provide illustrative examples and clarify linguistic complexities in scientific terminology. The study revealed the complexity of the linguistic adaptation of Northern Sotho and the challenges and pitfalls linked to the integration of borrowed English terminology into academic discourse, encompassing apprehensions concerning accuracy, clarity and cultural appropriateness. Furthermore, the findings indicated that the puristic term adaptation approach tends to be perplexing. Contribution: This study contributes to the intellectualisation and revitalisation of Northern Sotho by enhancing the language and equipping its speakers to engage more efficiently in scientific contexts, illuminating intricacies and potential misrepresentations inherent in the process of adaptation. Moreover, the research underscored the significance of employing adaptation strategies that are suitable for the Northern Sotho context and are consistent with linguistic patterns and semantics.

Dwi Andini Arditya Sasmi, Tria Yunita, Arsyita Rahma Fitzgelard et al.

This research discusses strategies for translating conceptual metaphors contained in Lana Del Rey's song lyrics. The aim of this research is to describe and analyze the translation strategies of conceptual metaphors contained in Lana Del Rey's song lyrics. This research uses qualitative methods with descriptive form. The data in this research are Lana Del Rey's song lyrics which contain conceptual metaphors about love. The data sources in this research are several Lana Del Rey songs. The data collection method in this research uses the lobservation method with note-taking techniques. This research uses data analysis methods by identifying and analyzing the meaning of conceptual metaphors about love contained in song lyrics based on Larson's theory about metaphor translation strategies and appropriate translations. The research results show that the use of translation strategies for conceptual metaphors about love in Lana Del Rey's songs is divided into three types, including (1) Translating metaphors from the source language into similes by adding the words "like" or "like", (2) Translating metaphors from the source language. the same source of metaphor in the target language, but accompanied by an explanation of its meaning, and (3) Translating the metaphor into a non-figurative expression. The most widely used translation strategy is to translate metaphors from the source language into similes by adding the words "like" or "like".

Hongye An, Arpit Narechania, Emily Wall et al.

Academic literature reviews have traditionally relied on techniques such as keyword searches and accumulation of relevant back-references, using databases like Google Scholar or IEEEXplore. However, both the precision and accuracy of these search techniques is limited by the presence or absence of specific keywords, making literature review akin to searching for needles in a haystack. We present vitaLITy 2, a solution that uses a Large Language Model or LLM-based approach to identify semantically relevant literature in a textual embedding space. We include a corpus of 66,692 papers from 1970-2023 which are searchable through text embeddings created by three language models. vitaLITy 2 contributes a novel Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) architecture and can be interacted with through an LLM with augmented prompts, including summarization of a collection of papers. vitaLITy 2 also provides a chat interface that allow users to perform complex queries without learning any new programming language. This also enables users to take advantage of the knowledge captured in the LLM from its enormous training corpus. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of vitaLITy 2 through two usage scenarios. vitaLITy 2 is available as open-source software at https://vitality-vis.github.io.

Yate Ge, Yi Dai, Run Shan et al.

End-user development allows everyday users to tailor service robots or applications to their needs. One user-friendly approach is natural language programming. However, it encounters challenges such as an expansive user expression space and limited support for debugging and editing, which restrict its application in end-user programming. The emergence of large language models (LLMs) offers promising avenues for the translation and interpretation between human language instructions and the code executed by robots, but their application in end-user programming systems requires further study. We introduce Cocobo, a natural language programming system with interactive diagrams powered by LLMs. Cocobo employs LLMs to understand users' authoring intentions, generate and explain robot programs, and facilitate the conversion between executable code and flowchart representations. Our user study shows that Cocobo has a low learning curve, enabling even users with zero coding experience to customize robot programs successfully.

Christoforus Yoga Haryanto

This paper introduces LLAssist, an open-source tool designed to streamline literature reviews in academic research. In an era of exponential growth in scientific publications, researchers face mounting challenges in efficiently processing vast volumes of literature. LLAssist addresses this issue by leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to automate key aspects of the review process. Specifically, it extracts important information from research articles and evaluates their relevance to user-defined research questions. The goal of LLAssist is to significantly reduce the time and effort required for comprehensive literature reviews, allowing researchers to focus more on analyzing and synthesizing information rather than on initial screening tasks. By automating parts of the literature review workflow, LLAssist aims to help researchers manage the growing volume of academic publications more efficiently.

Hiroshi Nara

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Abhimanyu Pandey

Fandi Kurniawan

This study analyzes the theme of heroism in the novel The Last One by Alexandra Oliva. The study will focus on the main character and her journey to survival. The writer applies a qualitative research method in writing this study. In the analysis, the writer applies the Monomyth Cycle/Hero's Journey theory proposed by Joseph Campbell to analyze the story. The study determined whether the main character was considered a hero. The finding shows that the main character of The Last One novel went through all the stages of the hero’s journey, which made her a hero character.

Aswan Aswan, Titik Harsiati, Imam Agus Basuki

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan karakteristik stimulus dan ragam soal asesmen apresiasi sastra yang digunakan dalam buku ajar BIPA Sahabatku Indonesia. Penelitian ini penting untuk dilakukan untuk memberi gambaran karakteristik asesmen dalam buku ajar BIPA Sahabatku Indonesia. Buku ajar tersebut merupakan buku ajar BIPA yang paling populer dan telah dikaji dalam berbagai perpektif. Meskipun demikian, aspek yang belum dikaji adalah asesmen sehingga penelitian ini memiliki urgensi dan kebaruan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan teknik dokumentasi. Adapun tahapn pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan buku, membaca, mencatat, dan mereviu. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik analisis model analisis interaktif. Data penelitian ini adalah buku Sahabatku Indonesia yang bersumber dari laman Badan Bahasa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa stimulus soal yang digunakan antara lain audio, gambar, video, dan narasi teks. Stimulus soal tersebut diintegrasikan dengan batang kode (barcode) beserta transkripnya. Adapun ragam soal yang digunakan juga memunculkan karakteristik tersendiri, yaitu tes uraian, pilihan ganda, dan performansi-produk yang dilakukan dengan mengacu pada keterampilan berbahasa dan dikemas melalui unit-unit sastra. Penggunaan asesmen apresiasi sastra dalam buku Sahabatku Indonesia merepresentasikan aktivitas prakegiatan, menyimak, berbicara, membaca, dan menulis.

Keziah Naggita, Julienne LaChance, Alice Xiang

Biases in large-scale image datasets are known to influence the performance of computer vision models as a function of geographic context. To investigate the limitations of standard Internet data collection methods in low- and middle-income countries, we analyze human-centric image geo-diversity on a massive scale using geotagged Flickr images associated with each nation in Africa. We report the quantity and content of available data with comparisons to population-matched nations in Europe as well as the distribution of data according to fine-grained intra-national wealth estimates. Temporal analyses are performed at two-year intervals to expose emerging data trends. Furthermore, we present findings for an ``othering'' phenomenon as evidenced by a substantial number of images from Africa being taken by non-local photographers. The results of our study suggest that further work is required to capture image data representative of African people and their environments and, ultimately, to improve the applicability of computer vision models in a global context.

Pinardi, Chiara

On 31 December 2019, China reported the emergence of a cluster of pneumonia of unknown cause in the city of Wuhan in the province of Hubei. As the novel disease turned into a global pandemic, China had to face a serious damage to its portrayed image of a responsible global power. Combining Benoit’s Image Repair Theory (IRT) with a contextual framework singling out cultural, societal and political variables that influence Chinese Communication Strategies (CCSs), the article pioneers the analysis of strategies adopted to respond to public image’s threats by adding an explicative nuance to their selection and reception.

Bibi Burger

Shutang You

This study explores the impact of high PV penetration on the inter-area oscillation modes of large-scale power grids. A series of dynamic models with various PV penetration levels are developed based on a detailed model representing the U.S. Eastern Interconnection (EI). Transient simulations are performed to investigate the change of inter-area oscillation modes with PV penetration. The impact of PV control strategies and parameter settings on inter-area oscillations is studied. This study finds that as PV increases, the damping of the dominant oscillation mode decreases monotonically. It is also observed that the mode shape varies with the PV control strategy and new oscillation modes may emerge under inappropriate parameter settings in PV plant controls.

Tseriwa Bakasa, Ayanda Pekane

Cloud computing is a technology that has become increasingly popular over the past decade within several enterprises. This popularity can be attributed to its benefits, including lower operating costs, improved computational capabilities, increased flexibility and on-demand storage space. As a result, many enterprises are already in various Cloud Computing (CC) adoption and implementation stages. This study investigates the decision criteria used by large enterprises in South Africa (SA) for the adoption of cloud technology. The majority of large enterprises have comprehensive resources, resulting in established Information Technology (IT) systems and infrastructure set up within their organizations. Though this is the case, the adoption of CC by large enterprises has been on the rise. This may not be a surprise as CC literature points out to benefits and influencers of CC adoption. However, the decision criteria used by large enterprises in SA in adopting CC are lacking in the literature reviewed. The study followed an inductive approach making use of qualitative methods. Findings revealed that large enterprises do not make use of a formalized or standardized decision criteria. However, operational cost, enterprise strategic intent and product efficiency formed key criteria for adopting CC. In addition, security, cloud service provider adoption frameworks and data sovereignty were the key criteria used to select a CC service provider. The research will contribute towards CC technology adoption literature, particularly for developing countries.