Hasil untuk "Industrial relations"

Sibahle K. Mathe, Ashika Maharaj

Orientation: Expatriate entrepreneurs (EEs) willingly seek to relocate abroad independently and belong to the self-initiated expatriates (SIEs) group. They possess the classic behavioural characteristics of entrepreneurs, have the propensity to embrace risk and uncertainty and have high self-efficacy and control while seeking opportunities to initiate business development. Research purpose: This study explores the drivers behind EEs’ decisions to migrate to South Africa. Motivation for the study: The global demand for talent remains the most crucial issue facing many countries. South Africa must attract EE’s to grow the economy as they will start their businesses and provide employment. Research approach/design and method: The research philosophy used in the study was interpretivism. A qualitative methodology adopting snowball sampling was used to identify focus groups, as no reliable records existed. Thematic analysis was adopted to analyse the data collected. Main findings: Drivers to migrate included infrastructure development, business and trade, education, family problems, political instability and the desire to travel abroad. Practical/managerial implications: Expatriate entrepreneurs should acquire the knowledge and understanding of the local culture to help them integrate into South African society. Expatriate entrepreneurs and their families should be willing to learn and speak the local dialects, especially isiXhosa and isiZulu. The Department of Home Affairs needs to make the acquisition of permits and visas less problematic. Contribution/value-add: The study examines EEs who choose to live and start their own businesses abroad by exploring the drivers behind North-South mobility on the African continent.

Sławomir Adamczyk, Barbara Surdykowska

This paper explores the challenges and limitations of trade union solidarity in Poland's automotive sector, a key export-oriented industry dominated by multinational corporations. Drawing on an analysis of the sector's structure and industrial relations, as well as selected case studies of company-level trade union practices, the authors examine the feasibility of introducing collective bargaining at a sector level in Poland. The paper highlights how organisational structures inherited from the past, employer strategies and national industrial policy all contribute to the weakness of higher-level union coordination. Despite some workplaces having a high level of unionisation, union activity remains fragmented and is embedded in corporate logics. This undermines the potential for coordinated action in response to the dual transition (green and digital) and growing global competition. The authors argue that, without systemic changes and state incentives to promote sectoral bargaining, the Polish automotive workforce risks becoming further marginalised in restructuring processes driven by external pressures.

Shabaz Abdalla, Ayub Hasan Abdulqadir, Zuber Osman Ali et al.

The theme of alienation is explored in Mary Shelley’s 'Frankenstein' as this study investigates how the narrative mirror the various intricacies of human relations and demands on society in the Victorian times. In the study, the psychological and social dimensions of alienation in Victor Frankenstein, and his creation are analysed qualitatively, using a text analysis. What the findings show is that alienation is not a matter of personal struggle but rather reflects broader moral and social struggles, including the aftermath of the Industrial Revolution and attempts to construct identity in a changing world. By providing insights into the messy nature of alienation as multifaceted phenomenon, crossing time, this study contributes to the discussion of individuality and societal dissociation, which have become topics of discussion in contemporary literature. This study therefore also has the implications that literature can contribute to the enduring human concern, and should continue to become explored in terms of alienation in historical and modern contexts.

Diogo Thomson de Andrade, Paulo Henrique de Oliveira

Contexto: o presente artigo está inserido na interseção entre o direito constitucional e o direito administrativo sancionador, especificamente voltado para a aplicação de sanções pelo Cade em casos de condutas anticompetitivas. Ele se fundamenta na hermenêutica filosófica e jurídica de Hans-Georg Gadamer e na teoria dos sistemas de Niklas Luhmann para examinar como interpretações jurídicas podem afetar a objetividade na aplicação de penalidades administrativas. Objetivo: analisar a interpretação constitucional das normas relacionadas ao poder punitivo do Estado, com ênfase nas sanções administrativas aplicadas pelo Cade e, particularmente, na aplicação do conceito de 'vantagem auferida'. O artigo visa identificar como diferentes interpretações dessas normas podem resultar em decisões punitivas heterodoxas e, além disso, propor soluções para o impasse na dosimetria e aplicação de penalidades pecuniárias a pessoas jurídicas. Para atingir esses objetivos, o artigo foca em aspectos específicos da hermenêutica, como a análise de conceitos jurídicos indeterminados e a interação entre as esferas do direito e da economia na aplicação das normas sancionadoras. A pesquisa também inclui uma análise crítica da objetividade e segurança jurídica na dosimetria das sanções, com foco na metodologia aplicada pelo Cade. Método: para este fim, utiliza-se uma abordagem teórico-interpretativa, com base na hermenêutica filosófica de Gadamer e na teoria dos sistemas de Luhmann. Ele aplica essas teorias para investigar a prática sancionadora do Cade e suas implicações constitucionais. Conclusões: propomos uma abordagem hermenêutica jurídica que vê o direito como um sistema autopoiético, onde a Constituição atua como elo estrutural. Isso oferece uma forma equilibrada de abordar questões no direito concorrencial, especialmente diante do "impasse" na jurisprudência do Cade sobre multas. A interpretação sugerida busca conciliar a função dissuasória das penalidades com o respeito aos princípios constitucionais, evitando tanto o formalismo rígido quanto a abertura excessiva. Embora melhorias legislativas possam objetivar o cálculo das multas, o artigo enfatiza que o sistema atual já permite avanços em uma jurisprudência mais coesa, transparente e respeitosa dos direitos fundamentais.

Stefan Ortiz, Catalina Quiroga-Manrique, Julieth Monroy-Hernández et al.

The rapid expansion of industrial agriculture in rural Bogotá has led to a reduction in the diversity of plants cultivated by peasant families. This generates transformations in livelihoods and biocultural relations, affecting local environmental knowledge and practices for the use and management of agrobiodiversity. Although several studies have documented the presence of agrobiodiversity niches, such as orchards and peasant gardens that persist amid homogenized landscapes, there is a need to expand the identification and analysis of the multiple cultural and agroecological functions that characterize them. This study aims to identify local environmental knowledge linked to orchards and gardens in terms of their functions and contributions to the conservation and recovery of agrobiodiversity. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with six key local informants and twenty-five peasant households, including ethnographic observations and ethnobotanical walks. Based on the information obtained, the agrobiodiversity niches were characterized in terms of their functionality according to the daily experiences of their caretakers. Eight agroecological functions, 249 common names associated with the same number of plant species, and knowledge about uses and management were identified. Finally, the possible articulations of the niches with the surrounding landscapes and water spaces were analyzed to understand their potential contribution to territorial transformations and to the connectivity of the rural ecological structure of Bogota.

Vasina, Anastasiya V., Sysoeva, Olga V., Kiseleva, Oksana N.

Introduction. A feature of Russian innovative economy development is the need to solve many problems in a limited time frame, which include the accelerated development of domestic production and the market through the introduction of innovative solutions in the context of minimizing external economic threats associated with anti-Russian sanctions from unfriendly countries. The models of innovative activity are considered and their key subjects are identified. It has been revealed that one of the effective mechanisms for achieving the set goals is to accelerate the pace of introduction of intellectual property objects into industry through the transfer of scientific research results to production. Theoretical analysis. The article discusses the place and role of universities in strengthening the innovative potential in the field of intellectual property. The analysis of existing state measures aimed at stimulating the development of innovative potential of universities was carried out. Such mechanisms of interuniversity interaction as the concept of open innovations and network university are considered. Еmpirical analysis. The indicators characterizing the patent activity of the subjects of innovation activity are determined, and the analysis of the dynamics of such indicators as the number of applications and granted patents, self-sufficiency and technological dependence on foreign sources is carried out. It is concluded that at present these indicators are characterized by recession. The results obtained require the adoption of new decisions and the activation of university science as the main subject of the “growth point” of innovative ideas and solutions. Results. The result of the study is a proposal to form a university hub based on a platform for intensifying patent activity not only in the context of university innovation, but also to attract various economic actors involved in the process of both import substitution and strengthening the country’s industrial sovereignty. An analysis was made of the ways of commercialization of intellectual property objects and the planned benefits for subjects-consumers of the university hub services. The advantages of creating a university hub are highlighted, contributing to the development of the innovation sphere and strengthening inter-university relations.

Nurgün Kul Parlak, Ayşe Nur Çiftçi

The devastating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on labor markets have been experienced across the globe, and Turkey is no exception. Worldwide, millions of workers lost their jobs or contracts or had to work fewer hours and had lower wages. The International Labour Organization estimates that at least 125 million full time jobs were lost. The pandemic has had a devastating impact on employment in general and a particularly severe one on the informal sector as these employees with no social protection are the most affected. This study tests whether there are differences in job loss and unemployment between formal and informal sectors in Turkish labor markets resulting from the pandemic. The data for testing are compiled according to NUTS-2 using the TSI’s data portal. The changes in the size of employment in formal and informal sectors between 2019 and 2020 are obtained according to regional units. In addition to the change in total employment volumes, employment tests regarding education, workplace scale, and gender proportion are conducted. The findings indicate a significant disintegration between formal and informal sectors according to change in employment. In addition, although the pandemic did expand employment opportunities in the formal sector, it clearly caused a severe contraction in informal sector employment. This indicates that the pandemic has led to a considerable number of job losses by those employed in the informal sector, exposing them to a severe risk of poverty.

Abolfazl Moarefi, Arash Sadri, Hadi Gholami Norabad et al.

As a novel idea for discussion on the role of industrial development on regional development, the term “cluster” became noteworthy since 90’s in order to increase competitiveness. Territorial development researchers believe that formation of regional industrial clusters improves competitiveness and plays a role in promoting competitive advantages and regional development. Hence, because of the possibility of realization of competitive advantage, Tourism clusters became a focal point for research and policy making. Against this background, the purpose of this research is to analyze and review the role of industrial clusters on development of regional competitiveness and assumes that the higher number of relations in an industrial cluster leads to higher level of regional competitiveness. The research applies descriptive-analytical research method and utilizes questionnaire to collect data. The data was studied by SPSS and Lisrel software packs after approval of validity and reliability of data. Findings corroborate the relation between higher number of relations in industrial clusters with higher level of regional competitiveness and also identifies the contributing factors to development and stimulation of regional development which are ranked by the order of their effect as follows: 1. Social relations, 2. Geographic and location relations, 3. Economic relations, and 4. Institutional relations.

Ozernaya Anna

This article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of land legal relations in the agro-industrial complex. The author studied the theoretical aspects of the regulation of land legal relations in the agro-industrial complex, the main problems in this area, and also developed and proposed ways to solve the problems indicated in the article.

Sotirios N. Denekos, Nikitas-Spiros Koutsoukis, Efstathios T. Fakiolas et al.

Purpose – Refugee camps are not easily welcomed by local communities. The purpose of this paper is to outline a structured approach to support the decision-making process for siting refugee camps in mainland Greece using multiple criteria, including local opposition. A suitability analysis generates a list of potential sites and a multiple criteria evaluation is applied. The motivation is the development of a methodology that can support choices and policies regarding the refugee camps siting problem, incorporating the need to address local opposition. Design/methodology/approach – The proposed methodology combines geographic information systems (GIS) with multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques. These are used to develop a location classification and ranking model based on related criteria and subcriteria, attributes and weights. The region of Peloponnese in Greece is selected as a case study to validate the approach. Findings – The lack of predefined candidate sites for refugee camps necessitates, initially, tackling a site search problem to generate a pool of potential sites through a suitability analysis. Subsequently, using the GIS the pool yields a subset of potential sites, satisfying all the criteria to setup a refugee camp. Through the current analysis the suitability of the single existing refugee camp site in Peloponnese can be evaluated. Finally, a “with and without” analysis, excluding the social criterion, depicts the changes in the candidate sites pool and their scores. Research limitations/implications – There is a lack of relevant literature taking into account the local opposition or sociopolitical implications as decision criteria. The selection of the appropriate criteria is a complex process that involves the cooperation of many experts. The main criteria, subcriteria and their attributes were determined according to existing literature and authors' informed judgment. Originality/value – The proposed methodology can help decision-makers to setup a decision-making system and process for identifying refugee camps' sites using multiple criteria, including local opposition.

Bodnarchuk T. L.

Paper dwells upon main conditions and factors of Ukraine’s foreign trade relations formation in the early 1990’s. Author determines socio-political and economic preconditions of Ukraine’s becoming as a full-fledged subject of international economic relations, including the Soviet economy crisis, macroeconomic recession, social and political transformations, the deterioration of the USSR’s international position. It was defined that with the declaration of independence, a course was taken on realizing Ukraine’s export potential, its competitive advantages in foreign markets, establishing diversified trade, industrial, cooperative, scientific and technical ties. The tasks were carried out in complex external and internal conditions, among which, on the one hand, was the reduction of tensions on the world stage, the development of globalization and regionalization, the activation of integration processes, the liberalization of foreign economic activity, and on the other hand, the difficult domestic and economic situation of Ukraine, noted by falling production, hyperinflation, declining national income, economic shadowing, corruption development, increasing country’s import dependency, deepening of social differentiation etc. The author substantiates impact on the development of the foreign trade activity of Ukraine by the system of endogenous factors, in particular, natural-geographical (favorable geographical position, rich natural-resource, and labor potential), socio-political (change of political regime, development of democratic institutions, considerable military potential), socio-economic (pluralism of ownership forms, development of entrepreneurship and market infrastructure, liberalization of domestic foreign economic activity, etc.). The paper establishes a system of determinants of exogenous influence on strengthening the competitive position of Ukraine, among which author highlights the role of supranational institutions, the internationalization of production, the transformation of the European division of labor, liberalization, and intensification of cooperation between the countries of Western and Eastern Europe, etc.

Rodrigo de Camargo Cavalcanti

O presente artigo, através de metodologia dedutiva, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica atinente ao tema, especialmente doutrinária e documental, objetiva realizar uma análise crítica sobre o critério de fixação das multas aplicadas aos cartéis conforme a Lei 12.529/11. Para tanto, primeiramente analisa-se a Resolução 3/2012 do Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica, e, em seguida, aborda-se uma decisão recente e paradigmática desse Conselho, salientando primeiramente a posição diversa à da Superintendência Geral, para após abordarmos a posição efetiva deste órgão. Posteriormente, analisa-se mais detidamente as divergências entre tais posições, e, enfim, adentra-se no debate realizado sobre essa temática no Congresso brasileiro. Ademais, discute-se o Projeto de Lei do Senado 283/2016 e a base de cálculo da multa. Por fim, conclui-se pela necessidade de um maior debate sobre o tema na sociedade em face da indeterminação normativa existente.

Cornelius Schubert

The paper addresses social innovation both as a mode and as a means of social change. It draws on the recent developments in the sociology of repair to offer a critical reading of pro-innovation discourse on the level of EU policy. It is argued that the practices and concepts of social innovation on the level of EU policy can be fruitfully reframed within a repair narrative, whereas the proliferation of the buzzword social innovation warrants a closer look from an innovation studies perspective. Connecting both repair and innovation studies thus offers a more nuanced understanding of current societal transformations and adds to the conceptual discussion of social change and social order.

Ilya Leonidovich Morozov

This article discusses the most characteristic of the concept of foreign (by J. Jacobs, C. Huntington, P. Buchanan, T. Sarrazin) and Russian (by A.I. Utkin, A.S. Panarin, I.N. Panarin) of political scientists, devoted to the identification and analysis of systemic problems of the West, leading its further development in the civilizational impasse and find ways of gathering the negative trend of further developments. Purpose: to reveal General and specific features in Russian and foreign political and futurological concepts, dedicated to understanding the crisis of modern Western civilization. Research methodology: when working with the texts analyzed was used the comparative method, system method. The results of the study: the similarity of understanding of both foreign and Russian scientists causality of the observed crisis of modern Western civilization, identified the key factors of the crisis: the rejection of the strategy of industrial production on its own territory, the loss of “national will” and the transition to a mass political psychological model of tolerance, understood as tolerance and compliance requirements by migrating to the West of the peoples, the mass psychology of consumerism, constant military operations in the Western countries in different regions of the world, the erroneous policy of confrontation with Russia. The negative trend of politicization and simplification in the study of the topic by Russian analysts, caused by market conditions of the moment. The scope of the results: the activity of institutions of the Russian state authorities responsible for the adoption and implementation of foreign policy decisions; the academic development of new concepts in the theory of politics and international relations.

Irina M. Kornilova

The article deals with education, which is closely connected with goals of society and is a decisive factor of its development. Rise and development of market relations in Russia, democratization of public life and emergence of various forms of property have created competitive environment both in industrial and non-industrial fields. The author proves that education is not an exception and it adapts in new conditions and acquires new forms. As a result previously unknown educational structures turn up, which differ from old ones by merging various forms of property, combining organizations with different targets and dependence on market situation and budget support.

Davorin Turkalj

By means of quantitative and qualitative research the doctoral dissertation has attained methodical insights into competences and usage levels of new technologies for marketing purposes in agri-businesses in the Republic of Croatia. The results and observations provided in the thesis indicate that swift action is required in order to improve the current situation and prepare farmers for forthcoming changes. In biotechnical sciences there is a need for continuous updating, research and control of interdependent processes and complex relations, which in turn creates a need for a unified system of knowledge dissemination. In order to manage a set of information arising from such processes, it is necessary to have a system that will allow us to store and transfer the acquired knowledge in a safe and simple way in real time, ensuring completeness of information. In today’s world, the key role in this process is to be played by information and communication technologies (ICT) encompassing the use of computers and communication technologies, as well as technologies for information management and transfer. Together with other ICT, the Internet is a resource that can bridge the gap between professionals of different expertise on one hand and people living in rural areas and farmers on the other, as it provides a platform for interaction and dialogue. Furthermore, ICT can foster new cooperation and networking through inter-sectoral contacts between government institutions, different support agencies and farmers. The efforts to implement ICT in the agricultural sector are held back by a range of limiting factors, such as: the necessity to reconstruct the sector itself, required investments in new communication systems and adjunct platforms, low levels of computer literacy among farmers, insufficient infrastructure, etc. Taking all this into account, it is obvious that the Internet and modern technologies can be drivers of positive change in agriculture. The primary goal of the dissertation was to develop a theoretical program and process of marketing application in agricultural sector, followed by tactical and strategic options from the standpoint of a particular business entity operating in agriculture, which can occur by using ICT. The analysis has revealed that in Croatia even the theoretical approach to agri-business marketing is underdeveloped, which makes it difficult to implement marketing in daily operations, and to integrate ICT in a particular marketing program and marketing process. Given the specific characteristics of agricultural production, the traditional industrial marketing mix cannot be applied there in a straightforward way. It is more acceptable to observe agricultural activities as a combination of production and services and to take into account the additional “3P” elements (people, processes, physical evidence), which was duly considered in the dissertation. The primary research was conducted in order to determine whether, and to what extent, agri-business operators are prepared to adopt and apply ICT. The qualitative research was carried out by in-depth interviews, whereas CATI method was used for quantitative research. The research was carried out on a random sample of family farm businesses (N=572), with twophase stratification (by the county and village size). Only the farms that were subsidized in 2009 (according to the official document of the Paying Agency for Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development) were included in the survey. Judging by the family farm businesses included in our sample, there is a low level of ICT possession/ usage, as well as ICT competences among farmers. After investigating the cross-tabulation according to demographic indicators, it can be concluded that the average family farm business with the highest level of computer literacy is situated in the Zagreb County, was registered in the period between 2000 and 2005, has its own web-site, livestock farming is its primary activity, carried out on the land plot of 5-10 hectares. This is, of course, the average result intended to generate information on the profile of an ICT-competent family farm business, which does not exclude good examples outside this average profile. The hypothesis proposed in the dissertation was that the agricultural sector has a great potential, with ample room for improvement achievable through benefits brought about by information and communication technologies. This hypothesis was confirmed by the analysis of secondary data and the results of primary research. Substantiating the stated hypothesis can be highlighted as the original scientific contribution of the doctoral dissertation.

Wiktor Marzec, Agata Zysiak

<p>City of Lodz is an exceptional case of industrial<br />settlement, a focal point of di}erent kinds and techniques<br />of power typical for nineteenth century industrial capi-<br />talism. Disciplinary power parceling bodies, biopower<br />providing with population stability, paternalistic gaze of<br />the factory owner and monarchic sovereignty of the tsa-<br />rist rule once met in the Scheibler and Grohman’s indu-<br />strial establishment and nearby workers’ housing estate.<br />{is peripheral capitalism and relations accompanying<br />it let us verify Foucaultian analysis of power and have a<br />new look at it. Di}erent and less stable pattern of corre-<br />lation of power techniques emerges here; power is no<br />longer strictly related to the temporal matrix or a func-<br />tional demands of capitalist production, and temporarily<br />ossi/es in relocated and contingent con/gurations. It is<br />an implicit illustration of a new paradigm of power ana-<br />lysis, which Foucault presented when his interest was not<br />an industrial city any more, namely the „topological<br />analysis”, as S. J. Collier aptly called it.</p>

R. K. Brown

S. Hill, Allan D. Flanders

Frederic Vandenberghe

Resumo Este artigo propõe uma análise crítica das teses pós-humanistas. Lendo teorias que estão direta ou indiretamente associadas ao pós-humanismo, tais como as de Leroi-Gourhan, Deleuze e Simondon, o autor apresenta uma história sobre a complexidade organizada, a mediação tecnológica e a alienação humana. O artigo é dividido em três partes. Explorando a tese da tecnologia como exteriorização dos órgãos, a primeira parte analisa o pós-humanismo como uma ‘teoria da alienação sem alienação’ que sistematicamente dissolve as fronteiras entre o humano e o não-humano, a natureza e a cultura, a tecnologia e a sociedade. Em seguida, através de uma investigação da ‘heterogênese maquínica’, argumenta-se que a ‘ópera maquínica’ de Deleuze e Guattari simplesmente atola o humano no magma da Vida. Por fim, focando sobre a lógica científica das tecnociências, o artigo conclui mostrando que as ciber- e biotecnologias do capitalismo industrial tardio estão reescrevendo a natureza e transformando as relações entre o humano, a vida e a máquina. Palavras-chave pós-humanismo; hominização; alienação; tecnociências; biocapitalismo.    Abstract This article proposes a critical analysis of the post-humanist thesis. Examining theories that are directly or indirectly associated with post-humanism, such as those of Leroi-Gourhan, Deleuze and Simondon, the author presents a story about organized complexity, technological mediation and human alienation. The article is divided in three parts. Exploring the thesis of technology as exteriorization of the organs, the first part analyzes posthumanism as a "theory of alienation without alienation" that systematically dissolves the boundaries between the human and the non-human, nature and culture, technology and society. Through an investigation of "machinic heterogenesis", it next argues that Deleuze’s "machinic opera" simply swamps the human into the magma of Life. Finally, focusing on the scientific logic of the techno-sciences, the article concludes by showing that cyber- and biotechnologies of late industrial capitalism are rewriting nature and transforming the relations between the human, life and the machine. Keywords post-humanism; humanization; techno-sciences; bio-capitalism.