Hasil untuk "Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare"

Mamadou Niang, Nicole Barcellos, Melissa Edmondson et al.

Abstract Graphene is a class of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials composed of single or multiple layers of carbon atoms. To date, there are limited clinical data and no epidemiological research available to assess graphene toxicity in humans. Despite the growing amount of animal toxicity data, there are currently no occupational exposure limits (OELs) for any type of graphene nanomaterial published by international authoritative organizations to ensure their safe handling within workplaces. In the absence of consensus OELs for graphene, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) occupational exposure banding process was used to assign an occupational exposure band (OEB). The NIOSH banding process is organized into a three-tiered system and is a resource for occupational safety and health (OSH) professionals to guide risk management and exposure control decisions when OELs are not available. To the authors’ knowledge, there are no Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) H-codes/statements available for graphene to conduct a Tier 1 analysis. Even though data were available from authoritative sources for three of nine health endpoints, the data were insufficient to support banding in a Tier 2 assessment. Therefore, a Tier 3 assessment using the NIOSH banding process was applied to the graphene family of nanomaterials (GFN) as a case study based on the specific physicochemical and toxicological properties with uncertainty factor adjustments. The band assignment was replicated by three individuals with advanced toxicology and industrial hygiene knowledge to ensure a consistent outcome. The results found that three of the six endpoints banded were “E,” representing an air concentration ≤0.01 mg/m3, while the other three ranged from “A” to “C.” This indicates that the graphene materials evaluated may have potential effects at low exposure concentrations (≤0.01 mg/m3). These findings suggest an OEB may be a suitable option for OSH professionals attempting to mitigate risk for GFN in the absence of an OEL and may provide a reasonable initial estimate for recommended workplace exposure and control measures.

Luke Anthony Fiorini, Liberato Camilleri, Mark Gauci

The Occupational Health and Safety Authority (OHSA) was established in Malta in 2002. Since then, trends indicate that non-fatal accidents have decreased in Malta, while changes in fatal accidents are less clear. Since these trends have not been statistically investigated before, this study aims to do so. The study also aims to analyse the link between specific OHSA deterrent measures and changes in non-fatal accidents. A database compiled by the OHSA on the frequency of accident statistics in Malta and OHSA deterrent measures between 2002 and 2022 was analysed. The study demonstrated that the incidence of fatal and non-fatal accidents decreased significantly during the analysed period. The incidence of non-fatal accidents was more common in the transport and storage sector, the construction sector and the manufacturing sector. Fatal accidents were most frequent within the construction sector. Fatal accidents were common among the self-employed and foreign workers. Deterrents, especially those related to inspections and fines, were significantly associated with a decrease in fatal and non-fatal accidents. The study underscores those accidents have declined significantly since the establishment of the OHSA and demonstrates the benefits of specific deterrent measures. Continued focus is required on specific areas, including the construction sector, self-employed workers and foreign workers.

Ana Clara Siqueira da Cunha, Jaime Daniel Leite Junior, Magno Nunes Farias

Paulo Freire é um importante autor que sustenta a práxis da Terapia Ocupacional Social. O intuito do presente trabalho é ampliar o escopo e adensar o caráter da presença acadêmica deste autor no campo da Terapia Ocupacional Social, tomando como referência produções científicas brasileiras. Como percurso metodológico, foi realizada uma revisão de escopo, com levantamento de estudos publicados em quatro periódicos brasileiros e bases de dados internacionais. As buscas foram realizadas utilizando a língua portuguesa. A revisão não definiu período inicial e considerou os artigos disponíveis online até fevereiro de 2023. Foram incluídos 18 estudos que possuem as obras de Freire em suas referências. Pedagogia do oprimido e Educação como prática de liberdade são as obras que mais aparecem nos artigos encontrados. Foi realizado o refinamento das categorias freireanas, e constatou-se a presença de 42 delas, com destaque para conscientização, com onze ocorrências, transformação/ação transformadora e práxis/ação-reflexão, ambas com dez. Com os dados obtidos pelo estudo foi possível constatar o aumento do número de publicações na área da Terapia Ocupacional Social que utilizam o referencial teórico de Freire. A obra do autor tem colaborado de forma significativa na construção de uma Terapia Ocupacional Social problematizadora e emancipatória.

Fernanda Klafke, Elisa Henning, Virginia Grace Barros

Urban waters (UW) are complex environments, and their definition is related to water systems in urban zones, whether in a natural system or an urban facility. The health of these environments is related to public health and the quality of life because public health is the focal point of environmental and anthropic impacts. Infrastructure is paramount for maintaining public health and social and economic development sanitation. Insufficient infrastructure favors disease vectors. The population and environment suffer from deficient urban water infrastructure in Brazil despite government efforts to manage the existing systems. In this work, machine learning (regression trees) demonstrates the deficiency of sanitation and UW management fragmentation on public health by using the <i>Aedes aegypti</i> infestation index (HI) and water supply, wastewater, stormwater and drainage indicators (SNIS data). The results show that each Brazilian region faces different problems. The more infested regions were Northeastern, Northern and Southeastern. Moreover, municipalities with better SNIS data have lower infestation rates. Minimizing problems related to sanitation through the integrated management of water and urban areas is extremely important in developing countries. UW governance is connected to public health. Water management fragmentation leads to more complex issues, and managers must confront them to improve the quality of life in urban zones.

Carmen Gloria Muñoz, Luis Andrés Reinoso Fica, Cleber Tiago Cirineu et al.

El artículo aborda el trabajo remunerado en la vejez como fenómeno complejo, para enriquecer la discusión de la Terapia Ocupacional y los estudios sobre la ocupación acerca del tema. Se detiene en la relevancia del trabajo como ocupación y reflexiona sobre las desigualdades que se construyen en torno al trabajo de las personas mayores. Al proponer un diálogo interdisciplinario con la perspectiva del curso de la vida, destaca la relación entre las trayectorias laborales y los contextos históricos en los que estas se insertan. El texto resalta la importancia del tema para la Terapia Ocupacional, la necesidad de comprender el trabajo en la vejez y de cuestionar la mirada individualizadora que tienden a usar los estudios disciplinares sobre el asunto. Esto implica dinamizar las teorías clásicas de la Terapia Ocupacional, de manera que trasciendan los enfoques clínicos centrados en la prevención y el tratamiento de las enfermedades de las personas mayores, y se interroguen por los sistemas políticos, económicos y sociales en los que se enmarca el trabajo de esta población.

Iskandar Iskandar, Y. Denny A. Wahyudiono, Noeroel Widajati et al.

Introduction: Work accidents can be caused by unsafe action factors in the field, such as not wearing personal protective equipment (PPE), not following work procedures, and not following work safety regulations. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors related to unsafe actions (unsafe behavior) in oil palm harvesters at PT Priatama Riau. Methods: This is an observational study. The study population consisted of 111 workers in the plantation harvester section. The research sample was calculated using the Slovin formula for as many as 86 workers. The independent variables consisted of OHS knowledge, attitudes, education, length of working period, age, OHS supervision, and OSH training. The dependent variable was Unsafe Action (unsafe behavior). Essential information was obtained through meetings, perceptions, and polls. The information collection instruments used in this study were survey sheets, agenda sheets, and cameras for documentation. Data analysis consisted of univariate and bivariate analyses. Bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-squared statistical test. Results: The factors related to unsafe action/unsafe behavior in oil palm harvesters were sex, years of service, knowledge, attitudes, OHS supervision, OHS training, and unsafe conditions. Conclusion: Judging from the factual test as a whole or together, the factors of tenure, gender, attitude, knowledge, OSH supervision, OSH training, work equipment, and unsafe conditions are related to Unsafe Actions.

Kei Sato, Hiroko Fukui, Yuji Hagiwara et al.

Abstract Background Carbon fibers are high aspect ratio structures with diameters on the submicron scale. Vapor grown carbon fibers are contained within multi-walled carbon tubes, with VGCF™-H commonly applied as a conductive additive in lithium-ion batteries. However, several multi-walled carbon fibers, including MWNT-7, have been reported to induce lung carcinogenicity in rats. This study investigated the carcinogenic potential of VGCF™-H fibers in F344 rats of both sexes with the vapor grown carbon fibers VGCF™-H and MWNT-7 over 2 years. The carbon fibers were administered to rats by intratracheal instillation at doses of 0, 0.016, 0.08, and 0.4 mg/kg (total doses of 0, 0.128, 0.64, and 3.2 mg/kg) once per week for eight weeks and the rats were observed for up to 2 years after the first instillation. Results Histopathological examination showed the induction of malignant mesothelioma on the pleural cavity with dose-dependent increases observed at 0, 0.128, 0.64, and 3.2 mg/kg in rats of both sexes that were exposed to MWNT-7. On the other hand, only two cases of pleural malignant mesothelioma were observed in the VGCF™-H groups; both rats that received 3.2 mg/kg in male. The animals in the MWNT-7 groups either died or became moribund earlier than those in the VGCF™-H groups, which is thought related to the development of malignant mesothelioma. The survival rates were higher in the VGCF™-H group, and more carbon fibers were observed in the pleural lavage fluid (PLF) of the MWNT-7 groups. These results suggest that malignant mesothelioma is related to the transfer of carbon fibers into the pleural cavity. Conclusions The intratracheal instillation of MWNT-7 clearly led to carcinogenicity in both male and female rats at all doses. The equivocal evidence for carcinogenic potential that was observed in male rats exposed to VGCF™-H was not seen in the females. The differences in the carcinogenicities of the two types of carbon fibers are thought due to differences in the number of carbon fibers reaching the pleural cavity. The results indicate that the carcinogenic activity of VGCF™-H is lower than that of MWNT-7.

Miguel Angel Alfonso Romero, Khristian Jaramillo Rodríguez, Laura Violetha Mora Estrella

A través de una línea del tiempo se exponen hechos significativos en la historia del Colegio Colombiano de Terapia Ocupacional. Esta se elaboró como parte de un trabajo de grado en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, el cual tuvo como objetivo revisar y reportar hallazgos en el archivo histórico del Colegio y de dicha Universidad. Se rastrearon y clasificaron documentos de archivo histórico y se recurrió a la validación con actores clave. La línea del tiempo expone una breve muestra de lo encontrado en ese proceso. Como reflexión del grupo de estudiantes, la agremiación es una herramienta social para la construcción colectiva y dinámica desde procesos democráticos y críticos.

A. Ukolov, A. Radilov

The relevance of considering the problems and prospects of biological control is associated with the need to form scientific, methodological and organizational foundations for the inclusion of biological control of industrial exposure to harmful chemicals in the system of social and hygienic monitoring to ensure the chemical safety of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the need to develop and implement methodological recommendations for the development and validation of chromatographic methods for biological control of industrial exposure to harmful substances with the system of sanitary and epidemiological regulation of the Russian Federation. The published results of works in the department of toxicology of the "Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology", carried out under the guidance of the authors, were used, and a number of new additions to the toxicokinetic equations were made, in particular, a method for calculating the material cumulation coefficient (Km.cum) was proposed for the first time.

María Matilde Serrano Cisneros

Introducción: Durante más de cuarenta años, la población venezolana fue excluida del sistema público de atención a la salud. En un inicio por las carencias de recursos económicos para recibir estos servicios y a su vez por la precariedad de los centros de salud, abandonados por los antiguos gobiernos capitalistas que promovieron su privatización en el país. A partir de 1999, el recién constituido Gobierno Bolivariano del presidente Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías, comenzó a realizar un conjunto de transformaciones sociales en beneficio del pueblo, incluido el incremento de la inversión en la salud pública con el objetivo de interrumpir el proceso de privatización. Las reiteradas dificultades para su implementación, debido a la resistencia de las fuerzas opositoras internas, demandaron la solicitud de apoyo a Cuba a través de su embajada y misión médica. Objetivo: Exponer el programa de la Misión Barrio Adentro y su implementación en Venezuela. Resultados: A partir de 1999, en medio de las transformaciones sociales en Venezuela, el gobierno bolivariano incrementó la inversión en la salud pública y detuvo el proceso de privatización. La transformación de los servicios de salud siguió los modelos y principios de la atención primaria en este sector. Desde el 2003 surge y se implementa el sistema de salud Barrio Adentro. Conclusiones: La Misión Barrio Adentro ha sido un programa para el pueblo, mantenido con la participación de los ciudadanos bajo los principios de coordinación, cooperación e independencia Introduction: The Venezuelan population was excluded from the public healthcare system for more than forty years, at first due to lack of economic resources to access these services alongside the precariousness of healthcare centers, neglected as they were by former capitalist governments who had fostered their privatization in the country. As of the year 1999, the just-constituted Bolivarian Government of President Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías, started conducting a number of social transformations for the benefit of the people, including an increase in public health investment, with the purpose of stopping the privatization process. Reiterated difficulties for its implementation, owing to the resistance of internal opposing forces, led to a request for support from Cuba through its embassy and medical mission. Objective: Describe the Mission Barrio Adentro and its implementation in Venezuela. Results: As of the year 1999, amidst the social transformations occurring in Venezuela, the Bolivarian government increased public health investment and stopped the privatization process. The transformation of healthcare services complied with the models and principles of primary healthcare. The Barrio Adentro health system emerged and was implemented in 2003. Conclusions: The Mission Barrio Adentro has been a program for the people, maintained with the participation of citizens under the principles of coordination, cooperation and independence

Rizka Dara Nabilah, Y. Denny Ardyanto

Introduction: Work capacity is related to the ability required for finishing a job at a certain period, and its performance is influenced by physical fitness. PT Petrokimia Gresik's medical check-up result in 2018 showed that there were only 51% of employees with good physical fitness, 37.8% with average physical fitness, and the other 11.2% was not tested due to illness or was pregnant. The objective of this research was to understand the contributing factors that can affect the physical fitness of the employees that were actively involved in physical exercises in PT Petrokimia Gresik. Method: This research was non-reactive or unobtrusive with cross-sectional research design and conducted in December of 2019. The population was employees that have previously done medical check-up after physical exercise for more than 24 activities with a minimum of 126 km within 3 months amounted to 90 and had 55 samples gathered by using the simple random sampling technique. The independent variables were age, work period, and the frequency of exercise. The dependent variable was the physical fitness calculated by ergocycle during the medical check-up. The data analysis was done descriptively and the correlation test was done by the Chi-Square and Fisher’s Exact Test. Result: In this research, some employees were older than 30 years old (54.5%), male (98.2%), have working period longer than 3 years (65.6%), have normal-day working system (76.4%), performing exercises for at least 3x per week (56.4%), and had a good physical fitness (78.2%). Conclusion: age and working period are the factors related to the physical health of the employees, meanwhile exercising has no connection with the physical health of the employees if it is done without intensity and duration monitoring.   Keywords: exercise, individual characteristics, physical fitness

Rieza Dwi Anggia

Introduction: Workplace air that contains dust and microorganism when inhaled by workers into respiratory tract can accumulate and cause lung function disorder. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between the concentrations of dust with the concentration of microorganism and analyze the association of worker characteristics, dust and microorganism concentration to lung physiology status. Method: This study adopted cross sectional design. The sample consisted of 24 workers who were randomly selected from factory and 10 workers who were totally selected from the administration area for respirable dust, microorganism concentration monitoring and workers’ characteristics data collecting. Result: Concentration of respirable dust has strong correlation with bacteria (rs = 0.704) and fungi (rs = 0.662) concentration. Variables that had significant association with pulmonary function status were age (p = 0.000), tenure (p = 0.008), the degree of smokers (p = 0.000), the dust concentration (p = 0.000), the bacteria concentration (p = 0.000), and the fungi concentration (p = 0.000), while the use of PPE mask (p = 0.890) had no significant association with pulmonary function status. Conclusion: Factors that related to pulmonary function status are age, tenure, degree of smokers, respirable dust, bacteria, and fungi concentration. Respirable dust concentration has significant positive correlation with bacteria and fungi concentration. Keywords: concentration of dust, concentration of microorganism, pulmonary function status

Joshua G Scott, Erin Shore, Carol E. Brown et al.

BACKGROUND There is a lack of trained Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) professionals able to meet the current and future demand for such expertize in the United States. Many OSH professionals are required to perform duties, which are outside of their primary area of expertize; thus, expansion of continuing education (CE) may be necessary to properly train individuals for new OSH responsibilities. METHODS The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health-funded Education and Research Centers collectively developed and distributed an internet-based survey to gauge the CE needs and interests of the OSH workforce. RESULTS A total of 2064 responses were received. The most common primary professions represented were safety (28%), occupational health nursing (18%), and industrial hygiene (12%). The majority of respondents (61%) reported that they perform work activities outside of those associated with their primary OSH profession. The CE offerings with the highest interest among respondents were related to safety. Other courses with high levels of interest included topics such as legal issues in OSH (88%), compliance (88%), risk management (85%), OSH management (83%), risk communication (83%), and communication in accident prevention (81%). Health and safety leadership (82%), health and safety culture (78%) and total worker health (74%) were also significant interests. CONCLUSIONS It is important to be responsive to the evolving needs of the OS&H community. Developing relevant courses will help ensure that OS&H professionals have access to the training they need to perform essential job functions and keep employees healthy and safe.

Pedro Juan Almirall Hernández, Jesús Díaz Buritica, Gloria Stella Gómez Monsalve

Introducción. La participación en el V Congreso de COISO, agrupación de sindicatos de Medellín Colombia, sirve de marco referencial para estudiar el estado actual del conocimiento sobre salud y trabajo acumulado en institutos, universidades y otros centros e investigadores interesados en esta problemática y el divorcio en la práctica con los trabajadores y las empresas, verdaderos objetos de estudio de esta especialidad. Desarrollo. A partir de un análisis realizado al programa cumplido en el citado congreso, los autores citan las principales áreas donde se viene manifestando la necesidad de asesoría y calificación de los líderes sindicales y los trabajadores. Incluyó dicho programa, temas de vital importancia en un enfoque antropocéntrico centrado en el trabajador como la aplicación de la Ergonomía, la Ergonomía Cognitiva y los Riesgos Psicosociales temas de gran importancia y vigencia en la actualidad académica. Continúa el interés y la necesidad de capacitación sobre diversos problemas legales relacionados con los más diversos temas y a los cuales el congreso dedico una buena parte de sus exposiciones. Conclusiones. Se hace un análisis de los aciertos en el trabajo sindical y queda de manifiesto la necesidad de seguir capacitando tanto a los funcionarios sindicales, como a los trabajadores y empresarios. Un programa de capacitación muy general en diversas áreas es expuesto.

J. Duarte, Mário Vaz, J. Torres Costa et al.

The exposure to respirable particulates poses a significant threat to human health globally. Several occupational activities can contribute to this problem, being open-pit mining and related activities such as road construction and earthworks some examples. This systematic review protocol outlines the main procedures to conduct a scoping review which aims to identify the most adequate variables to plan safety since the design safe. To accomplish this primary objective, some secondary objectives were defined as well. The journals and databases considered more relevant were selected (i.e. Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct) and a set of keywords was defined to the latter sequenced combination. The selection process of the articles is also described, in an attempt to contribute to further research on this field. Every methodology is documented and supported by the PRISMA Statement adapted to the scoping review process. All of the data treatment is detailed, including the risk of bias and attempts to manage it.

Pedro D. Gaspar, Tânia Lima, Mariana Lourenço

The Agrifood Industry is the largest Portuguese Industry, constituted mainly by micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It is noted that more than any other type of organization SMEs have their own speci?cities that make it particularly appropriate to develop tools to facilitate communication and knowledge sharing for employers and workers. To this extent, identifying critical success factors is the key to increase SMEs productivity. Likewise, Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) in SMEs have their own characteristics, which dif?cult the prevention strategies implementation and aggravate the problematic of work accidents. This study analyses a ?eldwork in 60 food processing companies in Portugal, related to the dairy, meat processing, bakery and horticultural subsectors. The analysis of the results allowed to identify that, at the national and regional level, the main failures are concerned with (1) lack of risk assessments regarding occupational noise, lighting, thermal environment and vibrations; (2) safety signaling, the circulation ways are not identi?ed with appropriate safety colors; (3) general lighting, with too many shade areas and finally (4) complementary presence of associated risks to falls at the same level, falling of objects, thermal burns, the use of machines and equipment, ?re, mechanical, ergonomic hazards and incorrect body postures. This study assesses the most relevant occupational health and safety risks in the Portuguese food processing industry to contribute to the improvement of OSH management and prevention of work accidents.

Laura Rueda Castro, Claudia Arancibia Salvo, Rosa Niño Moya

Objectives: we intend to describe how undergraduates majoring in Speech & Language Therapy, Obstetrics and Occupational Therapy, appreciate their Bioethics courses. Methodology: descriptive, cross-sectional, study; a survey was designed and applied to 147 students from Schools of: 29,9% Speech & Language Therapy, 42,2% from Obstetrics, and 18,4% from Occupational Therapy. Items inspected topics such as students’ attitudes and perception of their learning process outcomes after completing Bioethics courses, as well as Bioethics’ relevance for professional practice. Results: data were analyzed descriptively. 99,3% of surveyed students strongly agree or agree in considering Bioethics as useful. 85% of surveyed students reported regularly using Bioethics guidelines in their clinical practice. Conclusions: Students from the three surveyed majors perceive Bioethics courses as useful and highly relevant within clinical contexts. Curricular-design

J. Pereira, H. Simões

Hypertension (HBP), a key risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, is strongly associated with behavioral and environmental aspects of living. Professional activities, amongst others that take place throughout the day, are responsible for important blood pressure (BP) variations and may increase it. This study aims at ascertaining the blood pressure profile and variation in teachers, during a typical teaching session. Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) was performed in a cohort of 21 university teachers during a typical professional day, comprising the following periods: 24-hour period, day period, night period, morning period, 2 hours before class, during class, 2 hours after class, aerobic exercise period and 1 hour after exercise period. Teachers demonstrated higher BP ??during the occupational activities (137.71 / 88.57 mmHg) compared to the period before (128.81 / 82.43 mmHg) and after the class (132.38 / 85.19 mmHg) (p <0.05). It was found that systolic BP has the greatest variability across the considered activities and time periods. In a gender analysis, men had higher systolic BP ??compared to women (141.55 mmHg / 133.50 mmHg, respectively), and demonstrated greater variability across activities. The results clearly demonstrated the existence of important variations in BP due to different daily activities. The occupational period produced a significant increase in the different components of BP and heart rate. Long-term effects of repeated exposure to this increase in BP related with the occupational contexts remains to be demonstrated

Erka Dewi Armaeni, Noeroel Widajati

The burning of limestone has effects against the labors such as pulmonary function disorders which are acute and chronic. The Pulmonary function disorders which are acute, for example respiratory tract irritation, increased production of mucus, respiratory tract constriction, loss of cilia and mucous membrane cells layer and breathing difficulties. This study was conducted to analyze the strong correlation among the characteristics of the respondent, the respondent habits, level of dust to pulmonary function disorders of the Labors at CV. SRI MULYA PUTRA Tuban. This study uses a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. Samples were taken from the study population by 78 people who were previously given initial questionnaire and obtained 23 respondents based on inclusion criteria as the study sample. The independent variables were the characteristics of respondents such as age, sex, length of employment, length of employment, respiratory protective equipment usage habits and exercise habits. The prevalence of respiratory disorder in this study amounted to 13.00%. Test using analysis Contingency Coefficient. The duration of the work is a strong variable to cause pulmonary function disorder to the industrial workforce limestone. The conclusion is there is no strong correlation between the level of limestone dust with pulmonary function status on limestone labor, because the concentration of dust in the working environment is normal, under NAB predetermined. It is advisable to add a work shift, from 2 shifts recommended to be added into 3 shifts. Applying rotation system and providing better respiratory protective equipment. Keywords: limestone dust, pulmonary function status, limestone labor

Olga Beatriz Guzmán Suárez

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