The proposed research, inspired by a study conducted by the Centre de Recherche du Château de Versailles dedicated to princely funerals, focuses on the figure of Charlotte-Aglaé d’Orléans (1700–1761) and the role her death played in the ceremonial dynamics of the eighteenth century. To trace the history of her funeral, this study draws on published sources as well as unpublished documents preserved in the State Archives of Modena, notably the dispatches of the extraordinary envoy Giuseppe Paolucci. These dispatches not only recount the events surrounding her death and the organization of her funeral, but also provide valuable insight into the diplomatic life of Versailles and its ceremonial practices, which also involved the presence of representatives from foreign states, such as the Dukedom of Modena and Reggio. Charlotte-Aglaé was a princess of the blood destined to become the duchess of Modena and Reggio through her marriage to the future Francesco III d’Este.
Over the last ten years, from 2015 to 2024, the day with the highest average number of births was on the 20th of July, while Christmas Day recorded the fewest. Apart from July, a noticeable concentration of births occurred in late September, reflecting conceptions that took place during the end of year holidays. Births tended to be less frequent on weekends and public holidays. Since the 1970s, France's ``baby season'' shifted from spring to summer. From 1975 to 2010, heat waves were most often followed by a dip in births 9 months later, in April or May. This effect became less pronounced in recent years, as heatwaves grew in frequency. Another striking change was the sharp decline, since the 1970s, of the traditional April baby boom among primary school teachers.
Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents require effective use of historical context to perform sequential navigation tasks. While incorporating past actions and observations can improve decision making, naive use of full history leads to excessive computational overhead and distraction from irrelevant information. To address this, we introduce HiconAgent, a GUI agent trained with History Context-aware Policy Optimization (HCPO) for efficient and effective utilization of historical information. HCPO optimizes history usage in both sampling and policy updates through two complementary components: (1) Dynamic Context Sampling (DCS) presents the agent with variable length histories during sampling, enabling adaptive use of the most relevant context; (2) Anchor-guided History Compression (AHC) refines the policy update phase with a dual branch strategy where the compressed branch removes history observations while keeping history actions as information flow anchors. The compressed and uncompressed branches are coupled through a history-enhanced alignment loss to enforce consistent history usage while maintaining efficiency. Experiments on mainstream GUI navigation benchmarks demonstrate strong performance. Despite being smaller, HiconAgent-3B outperforms GUI-R1-7B by +8.46 percent grounding accuracy and +11.32 percent step success rate on GUI-Odyssey, while achieving comparable results on AndroidControl and AITW with up to 2.47x computational speedup and 60 percent FLOPs reduction.
Jèssica Gómez-Garrido, Fergal Martin, Leanne Haggerty
et al.
High-quality reference genomes are critical resources for understanding biodiversity and supporting conservation efforts. We present the chromosome-level assembly of the Spanish moon moth, Actias isabellae (Graells, 1849), a nocturnal lepidopteran protected under the EU Habitats Directive. The assembly spans 0.56 Gb across 31 pseudomolecules, including the Z chromosome, with a contig N50 of 18.9 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 20.4 Mb. The mitochondrial genome was also assembled into a 15,247 bp circular sequence. Annotation identified 11,805 protein-coding genes and 2,238 non-coding genes, with a BUSCO completeness of over 94%. Notably, no W chromosome was detected, suggesting a ZZ/Z0 sex determination system. This reference genome provides an essential foundation for studying sex chromosome evolution in Lepidoptera and enables advanced population genomics monitoring of this protected species. More broadly, it contributes to ongoing efforts within the European Reference Genome Atlas and the Earth BioGenome Project to harness genomics for biodiversity conservation.
In France, in the 1920s, collaboration materialized in the form of work tasks and organizational practices illustrating communication and exchanges between professions at all stages of the film production.The script and the shooting script (where the shots and scenes are generally numbered before the shooting) constitute working tools before as well as during the shooting and, probably, until the editing. Many script, shooting and production documents kept in archives are annotated in different handwriting and using several pencils and could have been used by different people and useful to different departments. The numbering is also recorded during the shooting, using slates or fans placed in front of the camera at the start of each shoot. These numbers will be useful during the editing. The dynamics of the collective work are visible both in the paper documents and the iconography of this period in the history of movies.This article studies the material history and organization of the stage, focusing on the organization of teamwork and taking as its object the tools and traces of mediation, the emergence of tasks, skills and their distribution between various positions such as director’s assistant and stage manager. The study of the administrative organization of the production of a film contributes to the study of collaboration in cinema because that teamwork begins when the script is written. Within these tools and practices, a (dis)continuous and collective process of film production resonates.
Zachary T. P. Fried, Roman A. Motiyenko, Miguel Sanz-Novo
et al.
We synthesized the astrochemically relevant molecule 3-hydroxypropanal (HOCH _2 CH _2 CHO) and subsequently measured and analyzed its rotational spectrum in several frequency regions ranging from 130 to 485 GHz. We analyzed the ground vibrational state as well as the two perturbed lowest-lying vibrationally excited states. With the resulting rotational parameters, we searched for this molecule in the Sagittarius B2(N) and NGC 6334I hot cores, the IRAS 16293-2422B hot corino, and the G+0.693-0.027 and TMC-1 molecular clouds. Rotational emission of 3-hydroxypropanal was tentatively detected toward G+0.693-0.027, and a column density of (8.6 ±1.4) × 10 ^12 cm ^−2 was determined. However, this molecule was not detected in the other sources that were investigated. The chemical implications of this tentative discovery are analyzed, and several potential chemical formation pathways of this species are discussed.
The formalism of generalized quantum histories allows a symmetrical treatment of space and time correlations, by taking different traces of the same history density matrix. We recall how to characterize spatial and temporal entanglement in this framework. An operative protocol is presented, to map a history state into the ket of a static composite system. We show, by examples, how the Leggett-Garg and the temporal CHSH inequalities can be violated in our approach.
Existing recommendation systems either rely on user interaction logs, such as online shopping history for shopping recommendations, or focus on text signals. However, item-based histories are not always accessible, and are not generalizable for multimodal recommendation. We hypothesize that a user's visual history -- comprising images from daily life -- can offer rich, task-agnostic insights into their interests and preferences, and thus be leveraged for effective personalization. To this end, we propose VisualLens, a novel framework that leverages multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to enable personalization using task-agnostic visual history. VisualLens extracts, filters, and refines a spectrum user profile from the visual history to support personalized recommendation. We created two new benchmarks, Google-Review-V and Yelp-V, with task-agnostic visual histories, and show that VisualLens improves over state-of-the-art item-based multimodal recommendations by 5-10% on Hit@3, and outperforms GPT-4o by 2-5%. Further analysis shows that VisualLens is robust across varying history lengths and excels at adapting to both longer histories and unseen content categories.
Benjamin J. Hord, Eliza M.-R. Kempton, Thomas M. Evans-Soma
et al.
JWST has ushered in an era of unprecedented ability to characterize exoplanetary atmospheres. While there are over 5000 confirmed planets, more than 4000 Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) planet candidates are still unconfirmed and many of the best planets for atmospheric characterization may remain to be identified. We present a sample of TESS planets and planet candidates that we identify as “best-in-class” for transmission and emission spectroscopy with JWST. These targets are sorted into bins across equilibrium temperature T _eq and planetary radius R _p and are ranked by a transmission and an emission spectroscopy metric (TSM and ESM, respectively) within each bin. We perform cuts for expected signal size and stellar brightness to remove suboptimal targets for JWST. Of the 194 targets in the resulting sample, 103 are unconfirmed TESS planet candidates, also known as TESS Objects of Interest (TOIs). We perform vetting and statistical validation analyses on these 103 targets to determine which are likely planets and which are likely false positives, incorporating ground-based follow-up from the TESS Follow-up Observation Program to aid the vetting and validation process. We statistically validate 18 TOIs, marginally validate 31 TOIs to varying levels of confidence, deem 29 TOIs likely false positives, and leave the dispositions for four TOIs as inconclusive. Twenty-one of the 103 TOIs were confirmed independently over the course of our analysis. We intend for this work to serve as a community resource and motivate formal confirmation and mass measurements of each validated planet. We encourage more detailed analysis of individual targets by the community.
This article is an exercise in intellectual history whose objec-tive is mainly to reveal the almost simultaneous origin be-tween dependency theory in Latin America and world-systems analysis in the United States since the second half of the 1960s. Here we offer in great detail and textual evidence the reasons why the world-system perspective (before having been baptized as such) is not a mere US-American (or “grin-go”) copy of dependency theory. This will be addressed, first of all, with an analysis of the “formal” aspects in the main dependency works—Dependencia y desarrollo en América Latina (1969), by Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Enzo Fa-letto; Dialéctica de la dependencia (1973), by Ruy Mauro Ma-rini; and El capitalismo dependiente latinoamericano (1974), by Vania Bambirra—through the theoretical, methodological and epistemological lenses of the essay “The Comparative Study of National Societies” published by Terence K. Hop-kins and Immanuel Wallerstein in 1967 regarding the VI World Congress of Sociology in 1966 in Evian (France). Sec-ondly, we will delve into the “substantive” aspects—that is, the methodological as well as epistemological discrepancies—between both approaches. Although they are not completely antagonistic, we want to make it clear, on the basis of their methodological and epistemological foundations, not fully discussed until now, that the lines of research in dependency theory and in world-systems analysis have divergent implica-tions.
This work reviews the long-term evolution of the atmosphere of Venus, and modulation of its composition by interior/exterior cycling. The formation and evolution of Venus’s atmosphere, leading to contemporary surface conditions, remain hotly debated topics, and involve questions that tie into many disciplines. We explore these various inter-related mechanisms which shaped the evolution of the atmosphere, starting with the volatile sources and sinks. Going from the deep interior to the top of the atmosphere, we describe volcanic outgassing, surface-atmosphere interactions, and atmosphere escape. Furthermore, we address more complex aspects of the history of Venus, including the role of Late Accretion impacts, how magnetic field generation is tied into long-term evolution, and the implications of geochemical and geodynamical feedback cycles for atmospheric evolution. We highlight plausible end-member evolutionary pathways that Venus could have followed, from accretion to its present-day state, based on modeling and observations. In a first scenario, the planet was desiccated by atmospheric escape during the magma ocean phase. In a second scenario, Venus could have harbored surface liquid water for long periods of time, until its temperate climate was destabilized and it entered a runaway greenhouse phase. In a third scenario, Venus’s inefficient outgassing could have kept water inside the planet, where hydrogen was trapped in the core and the mantle was oxidized. We discuss existing evidence and future observations/missions required to refine our understanding of the planet’s history and of the complex feedback cycles between the interior, surface, and atmosphere that have been operating in the past, present or future of Venus.
This article examines the policies and personnel that allowed France’s Old Regime monarchy to obtain huge supplies of naval timber from within the kingdom. In contrast to many other accounts, however, the main focus here is on the people who actually carried out this work (forestry officials, naval shipwrights, government contractors), specifically in south-western France. These agents were supposed to cooperate, but that did not always occur, and this article suggests some explanations. The demands of the central state provoked varied responses from woodland proprietors (the Church, rural communities, and private landholders). Their reactions are considered as well, since this “social history” approach allows us to appreciate that France’s success in building up its naval forces during the “age of sail” were not always welcomed by the king’s subjects.
We analyze the application of the history state formalism to quantum walks. The formalism allows one to describe the whole walk through a pure quantum history state, which can be derived from a timeless eigenvalue equation. It naturally leads to the notion of system-time entanglement of the walk, which can be considered as a measure of the number of orthogonal states visited in the walk. We then focus on one-dimensional discrete quantum walks, where it is shown that such entanglement is independent of the initial spin orientation for real Hadamard-type coin operators and real initial states (in the standard basis) with definite site parity. Moreover, in the case of an initially localized particle it can be identified with the entanglement of the unitary global operator that generates the whole history state, which is related to its entangling power and can be analytically evaluated. Besides, it is shown that the evolution of the spin subsystem can also be described through a spin history state with an extended clock. A connection between its average entanglement (over all initial states) and that of the operator generating this state is also derived. A quantum circuit for generating the quantum walk history state is provided as well.
With the widespread availability of high-speed networks, it becomes feasible to outsource computing to remote providers and to federate resources from many locations. Such observations motivated the development, from the mid-1990s onwards, of a range of innovative Grid technologies, applications, and infrastructures. We review the history, current status, and future prospects for Grid computing.
Based on string theory's framework, the gauge/gravity duality, also known as holography, has the ability to solve practical problems in low energy physical systems like metals and fluids. Holographic applications open a path for conversation and collaboration between the theory-driven, high energy culture of string theory and fields like nuclear and condensed matter physics, which in contrast place great emphasis on the empirical evidence that experiment provides. This paper takes a look at holography's history, from its roots in string theory to its present-day applications that are challenging the cultural identity of the field. I will focus on two of these applications: holographic QCD and holographic superconductivity, highlighting some of the (often incompatible) historical influences, motives, and epistemic values at play, as well as the subcultural shifts that help the collaborations work. The extent to which holographic research -- arguably string theory's most successful and prolific area -- must change its subcultural identity in order to function in fields outside of string theory reflects its changing nature and the field's uncertain future. Does string theory lose its identity in the low-energy applications that holography provides? Does holography still belong under string theory's umbrella, or is it destined to form new subcultures with each of its fields of application? I find that the answers to these questions are dynamic, interconnected, and highly dependent on string theory's relationship with its field of application. In some cases, holography can maintain the goals and values it inherited from string theory. In others, it instead adopts the goals and values of the field in which it is applied. These examples highlight a need for the STS community to expand its treatment of string theory beyond its relationship with empiricism and role as a theory of quantum gravity.
Is Europe a continent marked by wars? This has been the perception of the ‘old continent’ for more
than 1000 years. In any case, it is the desire for peace that has led thinkers from different periods to propose a
political unification of countries. Erasmus did so in 1517 (Plea for Peace), Emmanuel Kant in 1795 (Essay on
Perpetual Peace) and Victor Hugo in 1849 (Speech to the International Peace Congress in Paris). During the
20th century, the idea of a federal union gained ground. However, it was the Second World War (1939-1945)
which, once over, triggered the creation of international structures such as the UN, the Council of Europe and,
of course, the European Communities. Considered the birth certificate of the European Union, its declaration
(inspired by Jean Monnet) paved the way for the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), created in 1951
by six countries: France, West Germany (FRG), Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg. On May 9th
1950, Robert Schuman, the French Foreign Minister, proposed the pooling of French and German coal and steel
to “make war not only inconceivable but materially impossible”. Considered the birth certificate of the European
Union, his declaration (inspired by Jean Monnet) paved the way for the European Coal and Steel Community
(ECSC), created in 1951 by six countries: France, West Germany (FRG), Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and
Luxembourg. In this regard, we can discuss an instrument that is so popular and well known, but which, in turn,
has become a temptation to get rich quick for both natural and legal persons, the European Structural and
Investment Funds (ESIF). Originally, the ERDF was essentially economic. It has gradually evolved towards the
promotion of social rights and democracy, towards social inclusion in the broadest sense. The present study
seeks to analyse the history of these funds, the methods of fraud and the institutions responsible for preventing
or, where appropriate, investigating the fraudsters.
La ricerca intende riscoprire la figura di Françoise Cachin, prima direttrice del Musée d’Orsay e dei Musées de France, per evidenziare come la sua peculiare metodologia di ricerca e pratica curatoriale abbiano contribuito in maniera determinante allo sviluppo della storia dell’arte internazionale. Per questo motivo è stato necessario in primis ricostruire il suo percorso professionale, attraverso lo spoglio di quotidiani e riviste, presso biblioteche e archivi romani e parigini, che ha permesso di comprendere come il modello dirigenziale da lei proposto sia stato di grande innovazione per le istituzioni francesi. Parallelamente alla consultazione dei cataloghi delle mostre da lei curate tra il 1986 e il 1994, si è svolta un’analisi approfondita del materiale archivistico conservato presso la Documentation del Musée d’Orsay: è stato, così, possibile rivalutare i caratteri di unicità e modernità di due dei suoi ultimi progetti curatoriali, in particolare "1893. L'Europe des peintres", mostra che ha problematizzato i processi di formazione dell'identità culturale europea e i criteri della periodizzazione storiografica artistica.
This essay aims at rediscovering the figure of Françoise Cachin, as the first female director of the Musée d'Orsay (1986) and Musées de France (1994). It points out how her peculiar curatorial practice and research methodology have decisively contributed to the development of international art history. Firstly, the main stages of her professional career were reconstructed through the examination of newspapers and magazines, in Roman and Parisian libraries and archives. This allowed to understand how her conception of managerial roles has innovated French institutions. Then, the catalogues of the exhibitions she curated between 1986 and 1994 were analysed in parallel with the in-depth investigation of the archival material of the Documentation du Musée d'Orsay. Thus, it has become possible to re-evaluate the uniqueness and modernity of two of her last curatorial projects, in particular, "1893. L'Europe des peintres", which problematized the formation processes of the European cultural identity and the criteria of the artistic historiographical periodization.