Hasil untuk "History of Civilization"

H. Morgenthau

Yinsheng Li, Zhen Dong, Yi Shao

Large Language Model (LLM) agents have shown great potential for solving real-world problems and promise to be a solution for tasks automation in industry. However, more benchmarks are needed to systematically evaluate automation agents from an industrial perspective, for example, in Civil Engineering. Therefore, we propose DrafterBench for the comprehensive evaluation of LLM agents in the context of technical drawing revision, a representation task in civil engineering. DrafterBench contains twelve types of tasks summarized from real-world drawing files, with 46 customized functions/tools and 1920 tasks in total. DrafterBench is an open-source benchmark to rigorously test AI agents' proficiency in interpreting intricate and long-context instructions, leveraging prior knowledge, and adapting to dynamic instruction quality via implicit policy awareness. The toolkit comprehensively assesses distinct capabilities in structured data comprehension, function execution, instruction following, and critical reasoning. DrafterBench offers detailed analysis of task accuracy and error statistics, aiming to provide deeper insight into agent capabilities and identify improvement targets for integrating LLMs in engineering applications. Our benchmark is available at https://github.com/Eason-Li-AIS/DrafterBench, with the test set hosted at https://huggingface.co/datasets/Eason666/DrafterBench.

Gargi Bakshi, Rushikesh K. Joshi

Dynamic changes in processes necessitate the notion of state equivalence between the old and new workflows. In several cases, the history of the workflow to be migrated provides sufficient context for a meaningful migration. In this paper, we present an algorithm to find the equivalence mapping for states from the old workflow to the new one using a trail-based consistency model called history equivalence. The algorithm finds history equivalent mappings for all migratable states in the reachability graph of the process under migration. It also reports all non-migratable states that fall in the change region for a given pair of old and new Petri Nets. The paper presents the algorithm, its working, and an intuitive proof. The working is demonstrated through a couple of illustrations.

Mohammed Tayeeb Hasan, Nikolaos Tsantalis, Pouria Alikhanifard

Tracking statements in the commit history of a project is in many cases useful for supporting various software maintenance, comprehension, and evolution tasks. A high level of accuracy can facilitate the adoption of code tracking tools by developers and researchers. To this end, we propose CodeTracker, a refactoring-aware tool that can generate the commit change history for code blocks. To evaluate its accuracy, we created an oracle with the change history of 1,280 code blocks found within 200 methods from 20 popular open-source project repositories. Moreover, we created a baseline based on the current state-of-the-art Abstract Syntax Tree diff tool, namely GumTree 3.0, in order to compare the accuracy and execution time. Our experiments have shown that CodeTracker has a considerably higher precision/recall and faster execution time than the GumTree-based baseline, and can extract the complete change history of a code block with a precision and recall of 99.5% within 3.6 seconds on average.

Evgeniy V. Pererva

The paper presents the results of the paleoanthropological materials study of the 5th – 7th centuries originating from under the kurgan mounds and ground burials located in the Volga-Don steppes territory. Eleven skeletal remains of 8 men, 2 women, and 1 child were studied. The data obtained as a result of the paleopathological analysis of the material dating back to the post-Hunnic-early Turkic period have been introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. In the course of the paleoanthropological material analysis, analogies with nomadic cattle breeding groups residing on this territory in the Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, and Late Middle Ages have been established in terms of gender, age, and pathological indicators. The findings were confirmed despite the small number of the analyzed series. In adult individuals, a number of dental conditions were recorded, indicating that viscous foods rich in fats and proteins had dominated the diet of the early Turkic time population. The mobile lifestyle of the Volga-Don steppes population of the 5th – 7th centuries was reflected on the skeletal remains of the studied individuals in the form of stress indicators associated with horse riding and body exposure to low temperatures. The presence on a number of skulls of the studied group of traces of the use of deliberate artificial deformation allows us to make the assumption that they had traditions that were characteristic of the nomads of the Eastern European steppes of the first centuries of our era.

S. Raina, Raman K Kumar

India is a civilization, not just a country, nation, or government. Taking over the leadership of G20 by India, at a time when the world is battling pandemics, war, energy and climate crisis, and resource restriction is not just appropriately suited politico-economically but socio-culturally as well. COVID-19 proved that the unbelievably diverse world was too complex to be packed into a utopian hold-all one size fits all ideas. However, the fact is that COVID-19 may only have uncovered the crisis, which had been in the making for the latter part of the last century and extending into the current. India's leadership of G20 is therefore a window of opportunity for a more sustainable worldview as the ideas are coming from a civilization with a long history of acceptance of the entire world as one family- Vasudaiva Kutumbakam.

Fadilatul Husna, F. Lubis, Sukma Wardani et al.

The purpose of this study is to determine the periodization and development of Islamic civilization, namely progress and intellectual and spiritual levels that make a civil society. Islamic civilization started from the periodization of the Prophet Muhammad saw. to the development of Islam to this day. The periodization of Islamic civilization is a feature of history which examines events in the context of time and place with various benchmarks. The Umayyads, the Abbasid period, the Mamluk period, the Ottoman period, the Contemporary Islamic World period. The method in this study used the method (library research) by collecting a number of literature relating to the problem and research objectives. Data collection with the results of previous research which supports data on periodization research and the development of Islamic civilization.

K. I. Kellermann

I review the scientific and technical history of the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI), discuss the impact of the political involvement, and speculate on the nature of a successful detection and its potential social and cultural impact. Emphasis is on the development of SETI in the United States and the complementary progress in the Former Soviet Union.

Salim Lamrani

En juillet 1960, l’Administration Eisenhower a imposé les premières sanctions économiques contre Cuba, dont l’objectif était de « semer la faim, le désespoir et obtenir la chute du gouvernement » de Fidel Castro. Washington décide alors de suspendre le cours du sucre, privant ainsi Cuba de 80% des ressources en provenance de ce secteur ; ce qui aura comme conséquence de radicaliser encore plus la Révolution Cubaine. En octobre 1960, les États-Unis augmentent les sanctions, interdisant toutes les exportations en direction de Cuba, à l’exception des matières premières et des médicaments, fermant ainsi les portes aux principaux marchés de l’île.

Luis Cayón

This text presents Alcida Rita Ramos’ personal, professional and academic trajectory. It highlights certain crucial moments in her biography to better understand her thinking and contributions to Americanist Anthropology. The text highlights her research projects and her political commitment to the Yanomami people. It covers the various phases of her career and reveals some of her recent thoughts on the future of ethnography and anthropology, which stress the importance of the new surge of indigenous anthropologists in Brazilian universities.

جبار درويش الشمري

شهدت السبعينيات والثمانينيات من القرن العشرين اهتماماً ملحوظاً بالمرأة وقضاياها وضرورة دمجها في عمليات التنمية، خاصة مع إعلان العقد من عام 1975 حتى عام 1985 عقداً عالمياً للمرأة لزيادة الوعي بقضية المرأة والتنمية والعمل على تحسين اوضاعها السياسية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية والثقافية وخاصة في الدول النامية، لان المرأة تمثل نصف الموارد البشرية المتاحة فلايمكن تركها من دون اعداد وتخطيط وتأهيل، إن الارتقاء بمكانة ووضع المرأة عامل أساسي وضروري لضمان سرعة التنمية بأبعادها المختلفة الاجتماعية والسياسية والاقتصادية والثقافية في اي مجتمع .

Alison Stone

Hanxun Zhong, Zhicheng Dou, Yutao Zhu et al.

Personalized dialogue systems explore the problem of generating responses that are consistent with the user's personality, which has raised much attention in recent years. Existing personalized dialogue systems have tried to extract user profiles from dialogue history to guide personalized response generation. Since the dialogue history is usually long and noisy, most existing methods truncate the dialogue history to model the user's personality. Such methods can generate some personalized responses, but a large part of dialogue history is wasted, leading to sub-optimal performance of personalized response generation. In this work, we propose to refine the user dialogue history on a large scale, based on which we can handle more dialogue history and obtain more abundant and accurate persona information. Specifically, we design an MSP model which consists of three personal information refiners and a personalized response generator. With these multi-level refiners, we can sparsely extract the most valuable information (tokens) from the dialogue history and leverage other similar users' data to enhance personalization. Experimental results on two real-world datasets demonstrate the superiority of our model in generating more informative and personalized responses.

Dobrolyubska Yuliya, Prysiazhniuk Oleksii

The aim of the work is to analyze the historical context of the origin and content of the legacy of Marc Fabius Quintilian on the basis of the invented old print «Instructions to the Orator» in 1665. The research methodology is a set of principles of historicism, objectivity, systematics. The main research methods are historiographical and bibliographic, as well as the method of historical and bibliological and terminological analysis. The scientific novelty of the topic lies, first of all, in the formulation of the problem of scientific research of old prints of the funds of small libraries of Ukraine, which often keep in their bookstores rare and valuable publications. Such studies make it possible to identify gaps and identify promising areas for further research. Significant ideology of the library storage system during the Soviet era, low level of proficiency in classical languages and even the languages of European countries of library staff sometimes led to almost complete loss of outstanding copies of human memory from scientific and educational circulation. The figure of Mark Fabius Quintilian has rarely been the subject of historical research. «Instructions to the Orator», the main and only authentic work of Quintilian, which has survived to our time, has a strong technical focus and provides rich material, especially to classic philologists, historians of pedagogy and rhetoric. However, this material does not exhaust the content of «Instructions to the Orator». Many of the plots of Quintilian's major work have a historical context and political coloration and are of great interest to researchers. Conclusions: «Instructions to the Orator» differs from the usual textbook on rhetoric in that Quintilian proclaims his goal not only to teach the technique of eloquence, but also to educate a perfect speaker. The fruit of eloquence, according to Quintilian, a true speaker should see not in selfishness or payment, but in himself, in his knowledge and nobility of thought. Such a position is natural in the framework of normative policy ideas about the free activity of a citizen in the public field. Thus, although in a somewhat modernized form, Quintilian gives all his advantages to the polis ideal of the speaker.

Damian Clarke, Manuel Llorca Jaña, Daniel Pailañir

Quantile regression and quantile treatment effect methods are powerful econometric tools for considering economic impacts of events or variables of interest beyond the mean. The use of quantile methods allows for an examination of impacts of some independent variable over the entire distribution of continuous dependent variables. Measurement in many quantative settings in economic history have as a key input continuous outcome variables of interest. Among many other cases, human height and demographics, economic growth, earnings and wages, and crop production are generally recorded as continuous measures, and are collected and studied by economic historians. In this paper we describe and discuss the broad utility of quantile regression for use in research in economic history, review recent quantitive literature in the field, and provide an illustrative example of the use of these methods based on 20,000 records of human height measured across 50-plus years in the 19th and 20th centuries. We suggest that there is considerably more room in the literature on economic history to convincingly and productively apply quantile regression methods.

Yulia A. Krasheninnikova, Svetlana G. Nizovtseva

The paper deals with the toponymic material recorded in 2008–2019 from the Russian population of the mining settlements of Nyvchim, Kazhym, and Nychpas. All these small towns emerged due to iron mining development in the Komi Republic of the mid-18th century and the workforce migration from the central and northern parts of Russia related thereto. Analyzing the data from local toponymic systems, the authors discover motivations behind the local microtoponymy and the peculiarities of present-day place names in the region. Beyond that, the study deals with the names of intra-rural parts and periphery areas assimilated for economic, fishing, and other types of activities. Several groups of unofficial microtoponyms were highlighted: 1) titled by name/surname of the owner or user 2) referring to landscape and location features 3) situational microtoponyms. On the one hand, the analysis testifies to the adoption of Finno-Ugric names (hydronomy, above all) on the territory of the Russian mining settlements in the Komi Republic. On the other hand, in the times of territory reclamation, there is an increase of Russian-based naming establishing territorial law, regulating agrarian, hunting, and fishing activities, helping residents to navigate. Some Russian names attest to the deep cultural memory of the settlers, the continuity of naming traditions which refer to the territories of exodus and maternal culture. Characteristically, the toponymic system of Russian mining settlements in the Komi Republic shows a far smaller proportion of names related to religion, cults, and mythology compared to the rest of the Russian North.

Brina López Gfeller, Adamandia Kapopoulou, Laurent Excoffier et al.

Zeleneev Yu.A., Izmailov I.L., Nedashkovsky L.F.

Research objectives: To consider the creative path and main views of L.T. Yablonsky, as well as his influence on ideas about the ethnic history of the Golden Horde population and theoretical problems of ethnogenesis. Research materials: The authors of the article were based on numerous publications by L.T. Yablonsky, as well as personal impressions from meetings with the researcher on expeditions and at academic conferences. Results and novelty of the research: The authors consider the formation of L.T. Yablonsky as a unique specialist who combined archaeological training and professional study of physical anthropology. This allowed him to draw important conclusions about the formation of the Golden Horde population. Later, he resorted to this method to study the early nomads of the Aral Sea region and the South Urals. His works became an event in the research field, since they positively differed from others not only by an interdisciplinary approach to the problem under study – at the junction of archaeology and ethnogenetics – but also by the wide use of anthropological materials. Prior to these works, all information about the population of the Jochid ulus was fragmentary and unsystematic, and he was the very researcher who first connected the data of paleoanthropology and the analysis of the burial rite in medieval burial grounds. He proved the fact that the Golden Horde population consisted of mixed population groups, and identified those population groups that, in his opinion, came from Central Asia. L.T. Yablonsky attached great importance to the methodology of research on ethnogenesis and ethnic history. He advocated an integrated scientific approach to their study and emphasized the huge role of paleoanthropology and archaeology in solving ethnogenetic problems. In his opinion, the rapid divergence of various scientific disciplines – ethnology, archaeology, physical anthropology, and genetics – was the main problem that hindered the development of scientific ethnogenetic research. L.T. Yablonsky, therefore, believed that expanding comprehensive research would help solve this problem.

Jean Bernard Chatelain, Kirsten Ralf

This paper is a study of the history of the transplant of mathematical tools using negative feedback for macroeconomic stabilization policy from 1948 to 1975 and the subsequent break of the use of control for stabilization policy which occurred from 1975 to 1993. New-classical macroeconomists selected a subset of the tools of control that favored their support of rules against discretionary stabilization policy. The Lucas critique and Kydland and Prescott's time-inconsistency were over-statements that led to the "dark ages" of the prevalence of the stabilization-policy-ineffectiveness idea. These over-statements were later revised following the success of the Taylor rule.

You Wu

As a candidate of dark matter, primordial black holes (PBHs) have attracted more and more attentions as they could be possible progenitors of the heavy binary black holes (BBHs) observed by LIGO/Virgo. Accurately estimating the merger rate of PBH binaries will be crucial to reconstruct the mass distribution of PBHs. It was pointed out the merger history of PBHs may shift the merger rate distribution depending on the mass function of PBHs. In this paper, we use 10 BBH events from LIGO/Virgo O1 and O2 observing runs to constrain the merger rate distribution of PBHs by accounting the effect of merger history. It is found that the second merger process makes subdominant contribution to the total merger rate, and hence the merger history effect can be safely neglected.