Yuk Yee Chong, Chun Man Lawrence Lau, Tianshu Jiang
et al.
Abstract Background Periprosthetic joint infection leads to significant morbidity and mortality after total knee arthroplasty. Preoperative and perioperative risk prediction and assessment tools are lacking in Asia. This study developed the first machine learning model for individualized prediction of periprosthetic joint infection following primary total knee arthroplasty in this demographic. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 3,483 primary total knee arthroplasty (81 with periprosthetic joint infection) from 1998 to 2021 in a Chinese tertiary and quaternary referral academic center. We gathered 60 features, encompassing patient demographics, operation-related variables, laboratory findings, and comorbidities. Six of them were selected after univariate and multivariate analysis. Five machine learning models were trained with stratified 10-fold cross-validation and assessed by discrimination and calibration analysis to determine the optimal predictive model. Results The balanced random forest model demonstrated the best predictive capability with average metrics of 0.963 for the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.920 for balanced accuracy, 0.938 for sensitivity, and 0.902 for specificity. The significant risk factors identified were long operative time (OR, 9.07; p = 0.018), male gender (OR, 3.11; p < 0.001), ASA > 2 (OR, 1.68; p = 0.028), history of anemia (OR, 2.17; p = 0.023), and history of septic arthritis (OR, 4.35; p = 0.030). Spinal anesthesia emerged as a protective factor (OR, 0.55; p = 0.022). Conclusion Our study presented the first machine learning model in Asia to predict periprosthetic joint infection following primary total knee arthroplasty. We enhanced the model’s usability by providing global and local interpretations. This tool provides preoperative and perioperative risk assessment for periprosthetic joint infection and opens the potential for better individualized optimization before total knee arthroplasty.
Balinese Hinduism provides a rich context for exploring the intersection of material culture and religious belief. This study aims to explore the dual roles of daluang (also known as walantaga) in Balinese Hindu rituals, functioning both as a ritual object and a sacred symbol. Utilizing ethnographic methods and textual analysis, the research draws from four Balinese Hindu lontar manuscripts, including Kakawin Ramayana, Wedana Pujastawa, Yajna Prakerti and Pujastawa Wedana. Data collection involved participant observation and interviews conducted with seven Hindu priests. Guided by Geertz’s interpretive framework, findings reveal that daluang serves not only as a material for crafting key ritual items but also as a vital medium for spiritual communication, embodying core cultural values and cosmological concepts within Balinese Hinduism. This study contributes to broader discussions on the role of material culture in sustaining intangible religious heritage and expression in contemporary Balinese society.
In 1854, the Japanese state had to abandon its 215-year policy of seclusion and unwittingly became part of the world community. Simultaneously, the Crimean War of 1853–1856, the scope of which extended beyond the boundaries of Crimea, raged, with military operations taking place even in the Pacific Ocean. Efimy Vasilyevich Putyatin (1803–1883) eventually succeeded in establishing diplomatic relations between the Russian Empire and Japan in 1855 with the signing of the so-called Shimoda Treaty, despite the challenging circumstances.After the unfavorable results of the Crimean War for the Russian Empire, the rivalry between Russia and Britain within the context of the “Great Game” continued, and Japan was affected by it already in 1861. The strategically located island of Tsushima caught the attention of the Russian and English fleets. But Russia’s attempt to establish a foothold there failed, and not without the involvement of British diplomats and the military. The so-called “Tsushima Incident,” on the one hand, showed the boundaries of Russia’s capabilities in the Far East at that time. On the other hand, it became the first open conflict between the Russians and the Japanese since the “Golovnin Incident” of 1811, increasing the latters’ fear of the threat from north. Through its mediation, Great Britain was able to further solidify its relations with the Land of the Rising Sun and demonstrated its capabilities in Japan.
An account of the history of the Uyghur people is indispensable for understanding the current crisis in Xinjiang province. This is where China and the Uyghurs begins. As a historian of East Asia, Professor Rossabi approaches the problem of understanding by applying an objective procedure of fact-finding, as is required of researchers in his field. Objective, here, first implies the gathering of evidence and other reliable information from historical sources and from reports of events, also from reliable sources, as they unfold in real time. Secondly, it implies examining the available information critically, from more than one point of view.
Social sciences and state - Asia (Asian studies only)
<p>Geological settings characterized by multiple coeval tectonic regimes provide a unique opportunity to understand complex interactions among different geodynamic processes. However, they remain comparatively less studied from an experimental point of view than areas with more simple patterns of deformation resulting from primary plate–boundary interactions. Here, we carried out analog experiments involving simultaneous shortening and orthogonal extension under different rheological conditions, including the effect of crustal inheritance. We performed brittle experiments and brittle–ductile experiments to simulate cases of “strong” and “weak” crusts, respectively. We present two types of experiments: (i) one-stage experiments with either shortening only or synchronous orthogonal shortening and stretching and (ii) two-stage experiments with a first stage of stretching and a second stage with either shortening only or synchronous orthogonal shortening and stretching. In our models, deformation is accommodated by a combination of normal, thrust, and strike-slip faults with structure location depending on boundary conditions and crustal inheritance. For brittle models, we show that the three types of structures can develop at the same time for intermediate ratios of stretching (extension) over shortening rates (<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">1.4</mn><mo><</mo><msub><mi>V</mi><mtext>e</mtext></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>V</mi><mtext>s</mtext></msub><mo><</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="75pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="af69233c84ff4d4adccb736f107da1e9"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="se-13-1393-2022-ie00001.svg" width="75pt" height="14pt" src="se-13-1393-2022-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>). For lower ratios, deformation is accommodated by in-sequence shortening-orthogonal thrust faults and stretching-orthogonal normal faults at the edges of the model (when <span class="inline-formula"><i>V</i><sub>e</sub>>0</span>). For larger ratios and for the same amount of stretching, deformation is accommodated by normal faults at edges and in the center of the model as well as by conjugate strike-slip faults at the edges of the model. For brittle–ductile models, we always observe strike-slip faults that crosscut the entire model. They are associated with shortening-orthogonal thrust faults for models with low <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><mtext>e</mtext></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>V</mi><mtext>s</mtext></msub></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="28pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="21734ff4312cbf6c18c8504a92708291"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="se-13-1393-2022-ie00002.svg" width="28pt" height="14pt" src="se-13-1393-2022-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> and no initial extensional stage or stretching-orthogonal normal faults for models with high <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><mtext>e</mtext></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>V</mi><mtext>s</mtext></msub></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="28pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="d9182a6738f95271133780575c99e077"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="se-13-1393-2022-ie00003.svg" width="28pt" height="14pt" src="se-13-1393-2022-ie00003.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> and an initial extensional stage. Whatever the crustal strength, the past deformation history, and the stretching / shortening ratio, both normal and thrust faults remain with similar orientations, i.e., stretching-orthogonal and shortening-orthogonal, respectively. Instead, strike-slip faults exhibit orientations with respect to the shortening direction that vary between <span class="inline-formula">∼0</span> and <span class="inline-formula">∼65</span><span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>. Strike-slip faults parallel to the shortening direction develop in previously extended portions of models with a brittle–ductile crust, while strike-slip faults with a high angle form at the boundaries of the brittle model, their orientation being to some extent influenced by pre-existing or newly forming graben in the center of the model. We also show that extensional structures formed during a first stage of deformation are never inverted under orthogonal shortening but can be reactivated as normal or strike-slip faults depending on <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M8" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><mtext>e</mtext></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>V</mi><mtext>s</mtext></msub></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="28pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="7c61cb28ca59a97cd73b0a86a7a32130"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="se-13-1393-2022-ie00004.svg" width="28pt" height="14pt" src="se-13-1393-2022-ie00004.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>. Our experiments reproduce <span class="inline-formula"><i>V</i></span>-shaped conjugate strike-slip systems and normal faulting during compression similar to structures observed in the Tibetan Plateau, the eastern Alps, western Anatolia, and the Central Asia orogen. Models with two-stage deformation show variable extensional to strike-slip reactivation of former extensional basins during basin-parallel shortening, which resembles synorogenic foreland transtensional reactivations documented in the Baikal and Golfo de San Jorge basins.</p>
This study is conducted to collect sufficient information about the development of inclusive education in three Asian countries; South Korea, Thailand, and Indonesia. The research method applied in this study is a literature study. This study collects several previous studies to answer the development of inclusive education in Asia. The development of inclusive education that relates to the early history of inclusive education to its current practices. Every child has the right to obtain a proper education. This right is protected by law in every country. One of the programs carried out to achieve Education for All is special or inclusive education. This education program is a strategy used to protect the rights of disabled students to obtain a proper education without discrimination. Several studies have shown the obstacles and developments experienced by inclusive education. Every country has its own obstacles and progress. This study is expected to be an insight to know how the development of inclusive education in South Korea, Thailand, and Indonesia
Leiden University Libraries houses the greatest collection of Panji manuscripts in the world. This became evident while preparing the successful nomination of Panji tales manuscripts for UNESCO’s Memory of the World Programme. This article begins with observations on Panji tales in general. They originated in East Java and have subsequently spread to other areas in Southeast Asia. This is followed by a description of the collection’s composition and its history. The collection exists of over 260 manuscripts in eight languages, the majority of manuscripts written on palm leaf or paper. I have described four manuscripts in detail paying special attention to their provenance and history. Originating from four locations, written in four languages in three different scripts, they can be considered representative of the collection. A complete listing of all manuscripts is given in the appendix.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
Abstract Architectural history informed the colonial government in their creation of an Indian empire, helped the self‐fashioning of the princely states, and eventually became the source of national narratives for the countries of India and Pakistan as they were carved from British India. The historiography of architecture in South Asia is therefore significant as a tool to understand political processes. Several studies on architecture in South Asia are limited to debates about built forms and their chronology, and not as reflections of society at large. The reception of architecture through time is at least as important as the creation of architecture, and the scholarship on architecture is a societal index of this reception. This essay reviews the study of architectural history in South Asia in order to trace the trajectory of the field. South Asia commonly includes the present‐day nations of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives and was largely congruous with British India in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
The academic discourse of the mass violence that took place during the Partition/Independence of India and Pakistan has acquired certain maturity over the decades. The corpus of literature generated has been insightful and path-breaking. In the backdrop of this scholarship, the current article attempts to engage with the experiences of witnessing and emphasize upon transformative potential of such encounters. With few Partition-based Hindi films, this study also looks at the landscape of the Partition on the celluloid, where the screen converges with history and where the memory of trauma generates guilt. Mobilising the fieldwork conducted seventeen–eighteen years ago in Delhi, Ajmer and Jammu along with the cinematic representations and written corpus on the Partition, an engagement with the figure of a witness in this article will hopefully allow us to engage with memory, archive and the mass violence with fresh questions and perspectives.
This paper tries to describe a historical development on Madrasah education system in Bangladesh. Bangladesh or formerly known as Eats Pakistan has significant contribution in spreading Islam in Asia. In education level, this major role played by thousands of Madrasah (state or private) in Bangladesh. While some people argued that the alumni of the Madrasah are inferior to the alumni of Western education institutions, the history proved that the alumni of Madrasah have substantial contribution in creating Muslim scholars not only expertise in religious teaching but also in secular sciences. This analysis also expected to be a role model in comparing Madrasah education system in Indonesia.
Islam. Bahai Faith. Theosophy, etc., Social sciences (General)