Abstract The purpose of this paper is to understand the spatial and temporal evolution of the level of rule of law government construction in China and the mechanism of influence, in an attempt to expand the research direction of legal geography, and to provide empirical cases for how developing countries can promote the rule of law construction under unbalanced geographic, economic and institutional conditions. The study investigates the spatiotemporal variations and influencing factors of law-based government construction levels in each of China’s 31 provincial administrative regions from 2015 to 2022, employing the Moran index and geographic detectors. The results show: (1) The construction level of law-based government in each provincial administrative region has exhibited a clear upward trend, shifting from predominantly “low” and “medium-low” levels to predominantly “medium-high” and “high” levels. (2) The construction level of law-based government and its development type exhibit clear spatial aggregation in each region. The spatial distribution of the four categorized types shows continuity and obvious characteristics of agglomeration. (3) The construction of a law-based government is influenced by economic, social, environmental, and political factors. The basic economic system, level of economic development, and resources per capita available to the administration have the greatest impact. The interaction between these factors significantly enhances their influence on the level of law-based government construction. The improvement of the level of rule of law government construction not only depends on the economic foundation and institutional resources, but is also affected by multiple factors such as urbanization development, demographic structure, public service provision, and institutional innovation path.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
In recent years, golden tides caused by floating Sargassum have induced severe ecological disasters globally. Eutrophication is a significant factor contributing to the massive spread of Sargassum golden tides. Furthermore, the thalli of Sargassum that float on the ocean surface are subjected to more ultraviolet radiation (UVR). The coupled impact of eutrophication and UVR on the photosynthetic physiology of golden tide species remains unclear. In this study, the thalli of Sargassum horneri, known to cause golden tide, were cultured and acclimated to three distinct nitrogen (N) conditions (natural seawater, NSW; NH4+-N enrichment; and NO3–N enrichment) for 6 days. Subsequently, the thalli were exposed to two different radiation treatments (photosynthetically active radiation (150 W m-2), PAR, 400–700 nm; PAR (150 W m-2) + UVR (28 W m-2), 280–700 nm) for 120 min, to investigate the photosynthetic effects of UVR and N on this alga. The findings demonstrated that exposure to UVR impeded the photosynthetic capacity of S. horneri, as evidenced by a decrease in the maximum photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm), photosynthetic efficiency (α) and chlorophyll content. Under diverse N-enrichment conditions, the alga tended to adopt various strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of UVR. NH4+-enrichment dissipated excess UVR energy through a greater increase in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). While NO3–enrichment protected alga by enhancing N assimilation (higher nitrate reductase activity (NRA) and soluble protein content), and maintained a stable energy captured per unit reaction center for electron transfer (ET0/RC) and a higher net photosynthetic rate. Although different N enrichments could not completely offset the damage caused by UV radiation, they secured the photoprotective ability of S. horneri in several ways.
Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution
Mirela Džehverović, Amela Pilav, Belma Jusić
et al.
Numerous archaeological sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina represent a historical heritage and testify to the rich cultural, social, and political life of medieval Bosnia. Bobovac, the capital of the Bosnian Kingdom after King Tvrtko I's coronation in 1377, featured a royal complex with a palace, church, and fortification. Recent molecular-genetic research on skeletal remains from Bobovac aims to uncover medieval ancestors' customs and genetic origins. Fifteen well-preserved teeth samples from Bobovac were processed. STR amplification employed PowerPlex® Fusion and Investigator® 24plex QS Kits, with Y-STR profiles generated using the PowerPlex® Y23 System. Fourteen partial autosomal STR profiles were obtained, enabling sex determination and kinship analysis. STR amplification success varied due to ancient DNA degradation, with larger loci showing lower amplification rates. Kinship analysis confirmed appropriate marker selection, demonstrating high reliability for determining close relationships. Integrating aDNA analysis with archaeological research enhances our understanding of historical populations, connecting archaeology and forensic genetics to contribute to the broader narrative of human history.
Prasanth Tej Kumar Jagannadham, Thirugnanavel Anbalagan, Sonia Balyan
et al.
Mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco) is the most common citrus fruit, covering nearly 42 % of the total citrus cultivation area in India. The main varieties of mandarin oranges cultivated in India include Nagpur Mandarin, Khasi Mandarin, Coorg Mandarin and Sikkim Mandarin. Globally, genomic data is being used to unravel the complexities and mysteries of citrus taxonomy. However, despite India being a primary centre of citrus origin, these valuable genomic resources remain underutilized. Here, we conducted whole genome resequencing of four mandarin genotypes viz., Nagpur Mandarin (22,861,254 bp raw reads), Sikkim Mandarin (24,160,847 bp raw reads), Coorg Mandarin (27,974,860 bp raw reads), and Khasi Mandarin (40,532,383 bp raw reads) using Illumina Novaseq 6000 sequencing platform with 28x sequencing coverage. These genomic sequences will provide valuable insights into the taxonomic complexities and evolutionary history of mandarin oranges. The identified SNPs can further be used to study the evolution of flowering patterns in citrus, especially under tropical and subtropical conditions. The NGS data obtained (FASTQ format) for all four mandarin genotypes have been deposited in the Indian Biological Data Centre (https://ibdc.dbtindia.gov.in/inda/submittedStudyHome) under INDA study Id INRP000149. The sample accession numbers are INS0004744 (Sikkim Mandarin), INS0004745 (Nagpur Mandarin), INS0004746 (Coorg Mandarin), INS0004747 (Khasi Mandarin).
Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, Science (General)
The functioning of the Ukrainian language takes on special importance in the conditions of a full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war. Language is an important component of national identity, a powerful productive tool that strengthens the nation and enriches national culture. The purpose of the article is to describe and systematize innovative processes in the modern national lexical system of the Ukrainian language, which developed during the Russian-Ukrainian war. The article presents new resources of language thinking - neologisms and occasionalisms, which verbalize the current events of the wartime in Ukraine and remind of the close connection between history and language. An overview of linguistic studies on language as a weapon was made; the need for a new nomination is substantiated; examples are considered and the main functions of neolexes are defined; the emotional and expressive component in such word formation is noted; attention is focused on the active functioning of neologisms in the language; the prospects for the study of neologisms against the background of modern events in Ukrainian society and the world are outlined. Research methods. For the scientific interpretation of actual material, we use such general scientific methods as observation and analysis of linguistic material. We use the descriptive method, methods of component and linguistic stylistic analysis. Conclusions. The factual material of the article proves that the word is a special weapon on the language front. The formation and active functioning of new lexical units in military discourse is a kind of reflection of contemporary events; a vivid manifestation of the vocabulary of the Ukrainian language and the high intellectual potential of the Ukrainian people; attesting to the dynamism, continuity and uniqueness of language as a living organism.
History of medicine. Medical expeditions, Social Sciences
With the increasing demand of individual customption and awareness of cost reduction in express delivery organizations, the Chinese express industry faced with serious challenges especially under the background of government’s strict restrictions on environment and transportation. Therefore, a new service mode called joint distruction (JD) is being tried by the logistics industry, which is expected to address the challenges on online shopping. However, the insufficient understanding of JD adoption factors and their complicated interactions blocks the effectively implementation of the joint distribution. This study aims at identifying potential factors for JD adoption and promoting an effective joint distribution by discovering the interactive relationships among addressed factors. Firstly, potential ingredients for the adoption and implementation of JD are summarized from the literature and industrial interviews. Then, 23 variables are selected and classified into as objectives, drivers, barriers and affected operations. The Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) approach is then employed to analyze the crucial factors and the mutual influences amongst 23 variables. Finally, a case study is performed to construct the hierarchical structure of factors toward joint distribution adoption using the proposed ISM-modeling steps. The perplex hierarchical co-relationships are also identified by categorizing the driving variables and dependent variables. Results can assist express enterprises to promote the novel joint distribution mode and acheive higher efficiency of logistics operation by better understanding on crucial factors of JD adoption and implementation.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
Martynas Ridziauskas, Birutė Zablockienė, Ligita Jančorienė
et al.
<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Chronic hepatitis C virus infection affects about 71 million people worldwide. It is one of the most common chronic liver conditions associated with an increased risk of developing liver cirrhosis and cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in liver fibrosis and the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma after direct-acting antiviral drug therapy, and to assess factors, linked with these outcomes. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: 70 chronic hepatitis C patients were evaluated for factors linked to increased risk of <i>de novo</i> liver cancer and ≥ 20% decrease of ultrasound transient elastography values 12 weeks after the end of treatment. <i>Results</i>: The primary outcome was an improvement of liver stiffness at the end of treatment (<i>p</i> = 0.004), except for patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (<i>p</i> = 0.49). Logistic regression analysis revealed factors associated with ≥ 20% decrease of liver stiffness values: lower degree of steatosis in liver tissue biopsy (<i>p</i> = 0.053); no history of interferon-based therapy (<i>p</i> = 0.045); elevated liver enzymes (<i>p</i> = 0.023–0.036); higher baseline liver stiffness value (<i>p</i> = 0.045) and absence of splenomegaly (<i>p</i> = 0.035). Hepatocellular carcinoma developed in 4 (5.7%) patients, all with high alpha-fetoprotein values (<i>p</i> = 0.0043) and hypoechoic liver mass (<i>p</i> = 0.0001), three of these patients had diabetes mellitus type 2. <i>Conclusions</i>: Liver stiffness decrease was significant as early as 12 weeks after the end of treatment. Patients with diabetes and advanced liver disease are at higher risk of developing non-regressive fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma even after successful treatment.
Entender a simbologia usada no século XIII, por Ramon LLull (1232-1316), é compreender um pouco sobre as necessidades que os homens viviam e que os levavam a explorar a racionalidade. Logo, a nossa questão é a de analisar a prioridade do conhecimento como questão central da formação humana. Pretendemos fazer uma reflexão sobre a obra de Llull para compreender sobre o papel de quem ensina e a importância da transformação do discurso na ação/prática.
In the Library of the Catholic University of Lublin fifty seven letters and correspondence cards which Stefania Skwarczyńska sent to Czesław Zgorzelski between the years 1948–1984 are kept. They are a trace of professional contacts between scholars — documenting in an aspectual way Polish scientific life. Letters, although in a private form, concern professional matters, such as: organisation of the research institution, politics concerning employment, education of young scholars, taking part in conferences, publishing scientific works as well as their circulation. A vast part of them is dedicated to the history of establishing “Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich” [“The Problems of Literary Genres”].
Elijah K. Lowe, Anders L. Garm, Esther Ullrich-Lüter
et al.
Abstract Background Opsins are G protein-coupled receptors used for both visual and non-visual photoreception, and these proteins evolutionarily date back to the base of the bilaterians. In the current sequencing age, phylogenomic analysis has proven to be a powerful tool, facilitating the increase in knowledge about diversity within the opsin subclasses and, so far, at least nine types of opsins have been identified. Within echinoderms, opsins have been studied in Echinoidea and Ophiuroidea, which do not possess proper image forming eyes, but rather widely dispersed dermal photoreceptors. However, most species of Asteroidea, the starfish, possess true eyes and studying them will shed light on the diversity of opsin usage within echinoderms and help resolve the evolutionary history of opsins. Results Using high-throughput RNA sequencing, we have sequenced and analyzed the transcriptomes of different Acanthaster planci tissue samples: eyes, radial nerve, tube feet and a mixture of tissues from other organs. At least ten opsins were identified, and eight of them were found significantly differentially expressed in both eyes and radial nerve, with R-opsin being the most highly expressed in the eye. Conclusion This study provides new important insight into the involvement of opsins in visual and nonvisual photoreception. Of relevance, we found the first indication of an r-opsin photopigment expressed in a well-developed visual eye in a deuterostome animal. Additionally, we provided tissue specific A. planci transcriptomes that will aid in future Evo Devo studies.
This paper analyzes the consequences of peer victimization for the satisfaction with schooling (“happiness”) of college-bound high school graduates in Brazil. Several types of victimization are explored including discrimination due to race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, gender, sexual orientation, religious affiliation, and disability. We compare the satisfaction with their schooling of students planning to head to college straight from high school and older students applying for college later in life (“nontraditional students”). We conclude that students who perceived that they had been discriminated against were more dissatisfied with their school experience than those who did not, ceteris paribus, and we relate level of dissatisfaction to type of discrimination. The older student evidence reveals that this dissatisfaction wanes with time and age, however. Our conclusions are based upon ordered logistic analyses of data for 2.4 million current high school seniors and 78.7 thousand older students drawn from the Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio questionnaire (ENEM).
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social sciences (General)
Cristina Carla Sacramento, Laerthe de Moraes Abreu Jr.
<div align="justify">Este trabalho pretende analisar numa perspectiva histórica as relações estabelecidas entre a diversidade etnicorracial brasileira e o tratamento didático-pedagógico da História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira em dois livros de História do Brasil da primeira metade do século XX, partindo do pressuposto de que esses materiais pedagógicos também exerceram no período pesquisado a função de transmitir valores e condutas desejáveis àquela sociedade. Ademais, tornou-se importante destacar as denúncias do movimento negro em relação à ausência de discussões nas instituições escolares sobre a temática afro-brasileira e a reprodução de preconceitos que contribuiriam para alienar os negros e ao mesmo tempo restringir seu acesso a bens materiais e culturais. Essa iniciativaculminou na implementação de políticas de ação afirmativa por parte do governo, cuja função é propiciar o reconhecimento e a valorização das diversas etnias que compõem a sociedade brasileira.<br><br>Abstract This study aims to examine, from a historical perspective, the relations between ethnic-racial diversity in Brazil and didactic-pedagogic treatment of Afro-Brazilian history and culture in two books, concerning History Brazil, issued in the first half of the twentieth century, assuming that these teaching materials also exercised in that period the function of transmitting values and behaviors desirable to that society. Moreover, it is important to highlight the complaints of the black movement in relation to the absence of school discussions about the African-Brazilian question and the reproduction of prejudices that contribute to alienate black people while restricting their access to material and cultural goods. This initiative culminated in the implementation of affirmative action policies by the government, in order to promote the recognition and appreciation of the many ethnic groups that make up Brazilian society.</div>
U članku se ukratko iznose rezultati višegodišnjih arheoloških istraživanja u crkvi sv. Petra i oko nje u Starigradu Paklenici. Posebice je istaknuto da se tim sakralnim objektom bavio i prof. Ante Glavičić. Utvrđena je ranosrednjovjekovna i kasnosrednjovjekovna faza crkve. Dosad je istraženo 215 grobova s nalazima (posebice nakita) od ranog srednjeg vijeka do 19. st. Naglašeno je da su crkva i zvonik u cijelosti konzervirani.
Language and Literature, History of Central Europe
In dieser Seminararbeit wurde die Stimmung der hauptsächlich italienisch-sprachigen Bevölkerung des Trentinos im Bezug auf nationalistische Tendenzen in der Zeit des Vormärz bis 1848/49 untersucht. Dabei wurde anhand von Orginalquellen aus den österreichischen Verwaltungsebenen dargelgegt, in wieweit ein italienischen Nationalismus fassbar war und wie die Verwaltung darauf reagierte.