Hasil untuk "Gas industry"

L. Popoola, A. S. Grema, G. K. Latinwo et al.

M. Parsi, K. Najmi, Fardis Najafifard et al.

R. Heller, J. Vermylen, M. Zoback

J. Lavoie

With the actual growth of the natural gas industry in the US as well as the potential and availability of this non-renewable carbon source worldwide, reforming of methane gas is getting increasing attention. Methane can be used for the production of heat or electricity, as well, it can be converted to syngas, a building block that could lead to the production of liquid fuels and chemicals, a very promising pathway in light of the increasing price of oil. Amongst the different reforming techniques, dry reforming could represent a very interesting approach both to valorize a cheap source or carbon (CO2) as well as to reduce the overall carbon footprint of the increasing worldwide fossil-based methane consumption. In this short review, attention will be given to the thermodynamics of dry reforming followed by an investigation on dry reforming using heterogeneous catalyst by focusing on the most popular elements used in literature for dry reforming. Attention will as well be given to other emerging techniques that may allow countering at one point the high thermodynamic penalties that accompanies conversion of methane using carbon dioxide.

Nazila Adabavazeh, Mehrdad Nikbakht, Atefeh Amindoust et al.

Pipeline corrosion analysis is considered a challenging topic due to the complexity and uncertainty of the factors involved. The uncontrolled consequences of corrosion impact the ''natural ecosystem, society, and economy.'' Investigating corrosion plays a crucial role in managing incidents. This paper aims to provide an effective management tool for predicting corrosion using Bayesian modeling. This study illustrates how to integrate Bayesian modeling with ''incomplete data, scientific information in various formats, and expert knowledge,'' utilizing it effectively. Employing Netica software, a fault tree representing important elements affecting the natural gas transmission lines corrosion is converted into a cause-and-effect diagram of the Bayesian belief network. Natural gas transmission lines corrosion the model's output response is then analyzed after defining the relationships between these corrosion-affecting variables. The correlation between failures and corrosion is considered through a bivariate normal distribution as the likelihood function in the Bayesian update, and the model was validated using OpenBUGS software. In the next step, sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis were conducted in two industrial zones located in the central regions of the country. The final findings showed that the suggested model can produce accurate results for Corrosion monitoring systems in the Natural Gas Industry, providing an efficient approach to assess safety, quantitative risk analysis, and forming the basis for decisions aimed at averting pipeline episodes.

Zhongjun Hu, Jingyu Li

XU DAN, ZHANG CONG, JIA HUIMIN et al.

Helium is a crucial strategic resource with very limited reserves, but its enrichment and dilution mechanisms in gas reservoirs remain unclear. Noble gas isotopes play an important role in characterizing the interactions between gas and groundwater. In this study, noble gas compositions and isotopic signatures of coalbed methane (CBM) from the third coal seam in the southern Qinshui Basin were analyzed to determine the isotope composition characteristics of noble gas and to establish a helium reservoir formation model. Gas samples were collected from 13 CBM production wells. The results showed that the helium (He) content in CBM was generally one order of magnitude higher than in the atmosphere. The ³He/⁴He ratios were 0.002 9-0.021 8 <italic>R</italic>_a, with a very low mantle source contribution (0-0.31%). The ²⁰Ne/²²Ne ratios (10.09-10.43) and ²¹Ne/²²Ne ratios (0.029 6-0.031 9) were slightly higher than those in the atmosphere, reflecting an excess of ²¹Ne relative to the atmosphere. The ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar ratios (295.23-779.44) were overall higher than the atmospheric values, suggesting a significant influence of crustal ⁴⁰Ar accumulation over time. The isotopic signatures of krypton (Kr) and xenon (Xe) were similar to those of the atmosphere. Quantitative calculations of helium production revealed an external ⁴He flux into the self-generating and self-preserving CBM system. The linear relationship between ⁴He and ²⁰Ne indicated that helium dissolved in groundwater before degassing into the gas reservoir, while methane desorbed from coal seams diluted helium (as well as neon and argon) in the groundwater-associated gases. Therefore, gas reservoirs with lower grades were more likely to accumulate helium. Helium was mainly distributed in areas with effective helium source rocks, ancient groundwater systems, efficient migration channels, and appropriate hydrocarbon generation intensity, providing a theoretical basis for exploring helium resources in CBM. Rayleigh fractionation, dilution modelling, and gas production quantification showed that the water output per well during gas production was 8.03×10³-1.63×10⁶ m³. CBM exploration affected only the local water around each well, offering a basis for optimizing well spacing design.

Xuewei HU, Yang YANG, Qing ZHANG et al.

Both coal gangue and gas are the main by-products in the process of coal mining. The direct discharge of low concentration of gas easily causes carbon emission and resource waste, the large accumulation of coal gangue destroys the ecological environment, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of the coal industry. To solve the problems of carbon emission from gas and ecological destruction of coal gangue, a new strategy is proposed based on that the organic acids produced from the biological oxidation of coal gangue accelerate the weathering of coal gangue into soil. The composition of metabolic products from methane bio-oxidation was analyzed, and the impact of these products on coal gangue bio-weathering was investigated. Then, the soil performance of weathering products was evaluated, and the mechanism of gas bio-oxidation and coal gangue weathering into soil was explained in detail. The carbon reduction amount was also calculated. In order to open up a new way for the ecological matrix utilization of coal gangue and the reduction of gas carbon emissions. The results showed that methane-oxidizing bacteria effectively adhered to the surface of coal gangue to degrade gas, and their metabolites were consisted of organic acids and extracellular polymers. The generated organic acids enhanced the structural pulverization and mineral decomposition reconstruction of coal gangue, while extracellular polymers improved the reagglomeration of weathered particles. The mass fractions of organic carbon, alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen, and available potassium in weathering products were increased by 111%, 185%, and 105%, and the plant germination rate and biomass of weathering product were increased by 43% and 236%. Methane in the gas was converted to organic carbon, which realized carbon sequestration in the form of biological carbon and carbonate minerals. The carbon emission reduction of the reactor is 16.47 kg/m3 per day, and the carbon sequestration amount of coal gangue is 4.49 g/kg per day.

Jose Carlos Pelayo, George A. Bougas, Thomás Fogarty et al.

We explore the ground state phase diagram and nonequilibrium dynamics of genuine two-component particle-imbalanced droplets in both isotropic and anisotropic three-dimensional confinements. A gradual transition from mixed droplet-gas to gas configurations is revealed as the average intercomponent attraction decreases or the transverse confinement becomes tighter. Within the mixed structures, a specific majority fragment binds to the minority droplet, satisfying the density ratio locking condition, while the remaining atoms are in a gas state. Our extended Gross-Pitaevskii numerical results are corroborated by a suitable variational approximation capturing the shape and characteristics of droplet-gas fragments. The tunability of the relatively low gas fraction is showcased through parametric variations of the atom number, the intercomponent imbalance, the trap aspect ratio, or the radius of a box potential. To validate the existence and probe the properties of these exotic phases, we simulate the standard time-of-flight and radio frequency experimental techniques. These allow to dynamically identify the resilience of the droplet fragment and the expansion of the gas fraction. Our results, amenable to current experimental cold atom settings, are expected to guide forthcoming investigations aiming to reveal unseen out-of-equilibrium droplet dynamics.

Peter Hines, Florian Magnani, Josefa Mula et al.

This paper proposes a human-centered conceptual model integrating lean and Industry 4.0 based on the literature review and validated it through a case study in the context of an advanced automotive first-tier supplier. Addressing a significant gap in existing research on lean Industry 4.0 implementations, the study provides both theoretical insights and practical findings. It emphasizes the importance of a human-centered approach, identifies key enablers and barriers. In the implementation process of the case study, it is considered at group level and model site level through operational, social and technological perspectives in a five-phase multi-method approach. It shows what effective human-centered lean Industry 4.0 implementation look like and how advanced lean tools can be digitized. It highlights 26 positive and 10 negative aspects of the case and their causal relation. With the appropriate internal and external technological knowhow and people skills, it shows how successful implementation can benefit the organization and employees based on the conceptual model that serves as a first step toward lean Industry 5.0.

B. Ang, Ki-Hong Choi

J. Szoplik

K. McKain, A. Down, S. Raciti et al.

Khassenova Zhazira, Balykova Akkaiyn, Mukhambetgaliyeva Alima

The article examines key aspects of the environmental state of the West Kazakhstan region in the late 1990s to early 2000s. It presents characteristics of the general environmental condition, atmospheric air quality, water quality, and environmental protection measures. An analysis of official data sources indicates that increased hydrocarbon production at the Karachaganak oil and gas condensate field (KOGCF) and other industrial enterprises led to a rise in gross emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere, particularly nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide. The authors highlight a significant risk of river pollution from heavy industry waste in the region. Moreover, the analysis reveals that despite ample water and mineral resources, the West Kazakhstan region did not effectively utilize them for agricultural purposes. In conclusion, it is evident that the environmental state of the region was negatively impacted by increased pollution of atmospheric air and water resources with toxic metals resulting from industrial activities.

Paul Hill, Philipp Lunt, Johannes Reiter et al.

We present an optical aberration correction technique for ultracold quantum gas experiments which directly utilizes the quantum gas as a wavefront sensor. The direct use of the quantum gas enables correcting aberrations that are otherwise impractical to measure, e.g. introduced by vacuum windows. We report a root-mean-square precision and accuracy of 0.01λ and 0.03λ, respectively, and also show independently the reduction of aberrations through measurement of the trap frequency of our optical tweezer. These improvements were achieved for a tweezer size that is well below our imaging resolution. The present work is in particular intended to serve as a tutorial for experimentalists interested in implementing similar methods in their experiment.

Edafetanure-Ibeh Faith, Evah Patrick Tamarauefiye, Mark Uwuoruya Uyi

The aim of attending an educational institution is learning, which in turn is sought after for the reason of independence of thoughts, ideologies as well as physical and material independence. This physical and material independence is gotten from working in the industry, that is, being a part of the independent working population of the country. There needs to be a way by which students upon graduation can easily adapt to the real world with necessary skills and knowledge required. This problem has been a challenge in some computer science departments, which after effects known after the student begins to work in an industry. The objectives of this project include: Designing a web based chat application for the industry and computer science department, Develop a web based chat application for the industry and computer science and Evaluate the web based chat application for the industry and computer science department. Waterfall system development lifecycle is used in establishing a system project plan, because it gives an overall list of processes and sub-processes required in developing a system. The descriptive research method applied in this project is documentary analysis of previous articles. The result of the project is the design, software a web-based chat application that aids communication between the industry and the computer science department and the evaluation of the system. The application is able to store this information which can be decided to be used later. Awareness of the software to companies and universities, implementation of the suggestions made by the industry in the computer science curriculum, use of this software in universities across Nigeria and use of this not just in the computer science field but in other field of study

Leonhard Faubel, Klaus Schmid

As Machine Learning (ML) becomes more prevalent in Industry 4.0, there is a growing need to understand how systematic approaches to bringing ML into production can be practically implemented in industrial environments. Here, MLOps comes into play. MLOps refers to the processes, tools, and organizational structures used to develop, test, deploy, and manage ML models reliably and efficiently. However, there is currently a lack of information on the practical implementation of MLOps in industrial enterprises. To address this issue, we conducted a multiple case study on MLOps in three large companies with dedicated MLOps teams, using established tools and well-defined model deployment processes in the Industry 4.0 environment. This study describes four of the companies' Industry 4.0 scenarios and provides relevant insights into their implementation and the challenges they faced in numerous projects. Further, we discuss MLOps processes, procedures, technologies, as well as contextual variations among companies.

A. Varone, Michele Ferrari

Garth T. Llewellyn, F. Dorman, Jessica L. Westland et al.

Benson Turyasingura, Natal Ayiga, Wycliffe Tumwesigye et al.

Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) is a global strategy for enhancing food productivity amidst climate change uncertainties in the 21st century. CSA improves farmers’ incomes, reduces greenhouse emissions, and farming systems become resilient to climate change. Despite the vital role that CSA plays in the development of the agricultural industry and the economy, the extent to which CSA is related to sustainable agriculture (SA) is not well documented. Is CSA the same as SA? If they are the same, do CSA practices impose mitigation requirements for developing countries like Uganda? Studies or research on CSA and SA unfortunately have certain shortcomings. Lack of this knowledge makes it difficult to plan investments and develop policies that will increase farmers’ resilience to climate change and variability to improve SA. This study is aimed at assessing how CSA links to SA and whether the two contribute to climate change mitigation requirements. It was found that CSA and SA are also related in a way that the latter leads to lowering greenhouse gas emissions hence mitigating climate change. CSA and SA share a common principal goal of achieving food security. It was concluded that developing countries are the worst affected by the negative impacts of climate change and don’t have the adaptive capacity to respond to climate change effects.