Hasil untuk "French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature"

Luis Arturo Hernández Basave

Este trabajo expone la necesidad, desde una perspectiva sociolingüística, de saber utilizar las formas en las que aparece la segunda persona del plural en español. Nuestra hipótesis de investigación estriba en que el alumnado en Francia aprende nociones propias de la variante centro-norte peninsular (Moreno-Fernández, 2020) respecto al uso del vosotros y ustedes, pues es el geolecto por el que optan las instituciones educativas. Así, la dificultad de comprender una perspectiva lingüística que no supone que tales pronombres denotan un tratamiento de familiaridad o formalidad respectivamente tiende a causar actitudes de desaprobación y redunda en el desprestigio de las variantes americanas. Para ello, presentaremos los resultados provenientes de una encuesta en donde docentes y estudiantes se decantan por uno de los pronombres en cuestión y exponen su parecer respecto a las variantes de prestigio. Mediante un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo, pretendemos demostrar la importancia de crear una consciencia sociolingüística en discentes y docentes de ELE ante la variación dialectal del español.

Revista Estudios de Literatura Colombiana n.° 54 Enero-junio de 2024

Huseyin Karsili, Burak Erkut

The environmental regulations–ecological footprint nexus is occupying an important space in the current debate of energy economics. As a counter measure to environmental degradation, implementing environmental regulations remains on the agenda of scholars and policymakers alike, but whether these regulations have a reducing impact on the ecological footprint remains open since the literature on the topic, and empirical evidence, remains fragmented and dissimilar. The current approach aimed to investigate this for five member countries of the Union for the Mediterranean with panel data econometric techniques. Panel data from France, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Türkiye were considered for 1992–2015 and were tested for cross-sectional dependence, unit roots, and cointegration. Panel fixed effect regression estimations were conducted, also with Newey-West and Driscoll-Kraay standard errors. In addition, a country-level analysis was conducted by using fully modified ordinary least squares estimation. The results showed that energy consumption and trade increased the environmental footprint, but for environmental regulations, no conclusive effect was identified. The country-level analysis indicated that there is a divergent situation for environmental regulations among the five member countries, where only one out of five member countries showed a significant negative effect. This new empirical evidence for Union for the Mediterranean member countries highlights the importance of a common regulatory policy framework to combat the negative impacts of environmental degradation.

María José Punte

María Negroni ha cimentado una obra vasta y muy particular, que recurre al procedimiento del montaje y mediante la que configura lo que Ana Porrúa denomina como un “archivo de la imaginación poética” que es una reflexión sobre la modernidad. En su última novela El corazón del daño (2021) ese archivo da un nuevo giro que lo feminiza y permite pensar en aquellas dinámicas que se desatan cuando el archivo se vuelve feminista. Esta obra, sin llegar a ser un Museo Feminista Virtual como el que propone Griselda Pollock, hace suyas una serie de flexiones que se vinculan con las problemáticas del género. ¿Qué pasa cuando no se tiene una biblioteca en la casa como la de Borges? La mujer escritora, ¿contra quién o a favor de qué escribe? ¿Cómo atraviesa la vida íntima esa escritura? ¿Cómo arma sus propias genealogías en función de su lugar en el campo literario? Anudando reflexiones sobre el archivo y la propuesta de Pollock, el estudio de la obra completa (hasta la fecha) de Negroni resulta útil para pensar en un archivo feminista.

F. Chiapponi

Over the past two decades, probably no topic in the field of political science has received as much attention as contemporary populism. From general theoretical essays, to contributions on populist parties, especially in European political systems, as well as studies focusing on populist leadership, communication or style, we now have impressive literature devoted to the description and interpretation of this phenomenon. Yves Mény, former lecturer at SciencesPo and President of the European University Institute in Florence and then of the Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna in Pisa, has in fact inaugurated this prolific line of research by publishing, together with Yves Surel, Par le peuple, pour le peuple. Le populisme et les démocraties (Paris, Fayard, 2000), a milestone text for the scientific study of populism. In short, the latter suggested that the causes of the ‘populist mobilization’ affecting European democracies should be sought in the factors that shaped their construction after World War II, especially in the ‘imbalance’ between the ‘constitutional’ (rule of law, checks and balances) and the ‘popular’ (popular sovereignty lightened by the principle of representation) pillars. Popolo ma non troppo can be seen both as a reprise and an extension of this general reasoning, mainly focused on democracies themselves: indeed, the study does not start from the observation of the success of populist parties and movements, in order to then simply search for the explanatory factors in the structural characteristics of democratic regimes. Rather, the analytical trajectory set out by Mény aims first of all to specify the developments (historical, socio-economic, political) that have forged the ‘democratic bricolage’ (Chap. 2), emphasizing the hybrid character of the political systems that, in both Europe and the United States, have gradually replaced the ancien régime. The structure of the book fully reflects this research agenda. From the point of view of the topics addressed, it can be roughly divided into two parts. The first (Chapters 1–4) portrays the stages that marked the advent of mass democracy, particularly the differentiation of two paths of integration of the ‘people’ – a concept that is polysemic by nature – in the democratic project, a perennial ‘work in progress’. The path typical of the Anglo-American systems could be defined as ‘realist-pragmatic’. Here, the ‘people’ means a collection of citizens and social groups, who must be guaranteed the freedom to pursue their legitimate interests and exercise their rights, including sovereignty. These actions lead to accentuated social and political competition. Instead, the ‘Franco-continental’ path constitutionalizes the ‘abstract’ myth of the (sovereign) people, which, at a certain point in history, the convenience of the political elites will conduct to identify as a ‘nation’. This second development confers inalienable rights on the people but severely limits their actual exercise, thus creating a ‘gap’ between the solemn proclamation of the principle of popular sovereignty and its practical realization – the French and Italian constitutions show emblematic illustrations of this evolution. In the countries where the Franco-continental path has reached more advanced levels, the gap thus created between the mythical image of the

Monica sane schepisi, A. Di Napoli, R. Asciutto et al.

Italy, Greece, Spain, and Portugal have all been strongly affected by the 2008 financial crisis, which has had a negative impact on health. We systematically evaluated the effects of the crisis on lifestyle and socioeconomic inequalities. We conducted a literature search using MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and health economics databases for studies reporting quantitative comparisons before and after (or during) the crisis on the following risk behaviors: alcohol consumption, smoking habit, healthy diet, physical activity, and psychotropic drugs and substance abuse, without setting any age restrictions. We selected 34 original articles published between 2011 and 2020. During/after the crisis, alcohol consumption and substance abuse decreased, while psychotropic drug use increased. We also observed a deterioration in healthy eating behavior, with a reduction in fruit and vegetable consumption. Smoking habit and physical activity showed a more complex, controversial trend. Socioeconomic inequalities were affected by the recession, and the negative effects on unhealthy lifestyle tended to be more pronounced among the disadvantaged. These results suggest the need to implement health policies and interventions aimed at monitoring risk behaviors, with special regard to disadvantaged people, and considering the potential additional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

W. Eichhorst, P. Marx

Labour market segmentation is at the forefront of national and European policy debates. While the European Commission and the OECD claim to promote what they see as more inclusive policies, academic observers remain sceptical. The dualization literature in particular points to stable equilibria that sustain divisions between labour market insiders and outsiders. In this article, we trace recent reform trajectories in a diverse group of nine European countries marked by a high share of temporary employment: France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden. Our case studies show that recent reforms of employment regulation involve much more dynamism than one would expect based on the experiences of the two preceding decades, or from dualization or insider–outsider theories. The reform trajectories display rather contradictory approaches, sometimes in close succession.

J. Thacker, Ann l. Mackenzie

Ian Michael, who died in Madrid on 24 July 2020, aged eighty-four after a long illness, made a deep impression on the world of Hispanic Studies and on all who came across him professionally or personally. In common with several other notable Hispanists, Ian hailed from Neath in South Wales, though the Michael family originally came from Antwerp, fleeing to Wales in the sixteenth century to escape Spanish persecution. His father was Cyril G. Michael and his mother was Glynis Michael (née Lewis). The former played rugby and the latter tennis and Ian himself was a promising school-boy rugby player until injury curtailed his playing days. The sports field’s loss was Hispanism’s gain. Ian began to study Spanish at age thirteen; this, he liked to remember, was to avoid taking physics. He progressed from Neath Grammar School for Boys, to read French and Spanish (he preferred Spanish) at King’s College London where he took a first in 1957. Years later, in 2001, he would become a Fellow of KCL, an honour he specially valued. Among those who taught him and fourteen other students doing Honours at Kings, and who turned him into a Hispanist, were Rafael Martínez Nadal, friend and scholar of Lorca, and Rita Hamilton, who was responsible for developing the Medieval Literature course there and trained quite a number of students like Ian who went on to become eminent Medievalists in their own right.

G. Calcagnini, Germana Giombini, G. Travaglini

This paper analyzes Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in five European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and UK), the USA and Japan between 1954 and 2017. It uses the common trend– common cycle (CTCC) approach to decompose series in trends and cycles. We find that the seven economies are structurally different and differently affected by similar shocks. We show that trend and cycle innovations are, in most of the cases, negatively correlated as predicted by the ‘opportunity cost’ approach to productivity growth, and that trend innovations are larger than cycle innovations. We provide an interpretation for countries’ differences in TFP performance in recent years that is related to the so-called ‘deep’ determinants in growth literature, such as the presence of efficient markets and institutions. Finally, we present a comparison with the traditional Hodrick and Prescott deterministic filter to highlight the advantages of CTCC methodology that does not require a priori on the nature of the time series.

María Laura Pérez Gras

Introduction to the dossier: “New speculative/anticipatory Argentine narrative”.

J. Felipe, U. Kumar

Alexander Caviedes

Min Li, Zilong Zhao, Gongjie Yu et al.

Y. Fassin, Andrea Werner, A. Rossem et al.

As a contribution to the emerging field of corporate social responsibility (CSR) cognition, this article reports on the findings of an exploratory study that compares SME owner–managers’ mental models with regard to CSR and related concepts across six European countries (Belgium, Italy, Norway, France, UK, Spain). Utilising Repertory Grid Technique, we found that the SME owner–managers’ mental models show a few commonalities as well as a number of differences across the different country samples. We interpret those differences by linking individual cognition to macro-environmental variables, such as language, national traditions and dissemination mechanisms. The results of our exploratory study show that nationality matters but that classifications of countries as found in the comparative capitalism literature do not exactly mirror national differences in CSR cognition and that these classifications need further differentiation. The findings from our study raise questions on the universality of cognition of academic management concepts and warn that promotion of responsible business practice should not rely on the use of unmediated US American management terminology.

M. García-Álvarez, Blanca Moreno, I. Soares

C. Rémuzat, A. Kapuśniak, A. Caban et al.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to provide an overview of biosimilar policies in 10 EU MSs. Methods: Ten EU MS pharmaceutical markets (Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and the UK) were selected. A comprehensive literature review was performed to identify supply-side and demand-side policies in place in the selected countries. Results: Supply-side policies for biosimilars commonly include price linkage, price re-evaluation, and tendering; the use of internal or external reference pricing varies between countries; health technology assessment is conducted in six countries. Regarding demand-side policies, pharmaceutical prescription budgets or quotas and monitoring of prescriptions (with potential financial incentives or penalties) are in place in eight and in seven countries respectively. Switching is generally allowed, but is solely the physician’s responsibility. Automatic substitution is not recommended, or even forbidden, in most EU MSs. Prescription conditions or guidelines that apply to biosimilars are established in nearly all surveyed EU MSs. Conclusions: Important heterogeneity in policies on biosimilars was seen between (and even within) selected countries, which may partly explain variations in biosimilar uptake. Supply-side policies targeting price have been reported to limit biosimilar penetration in the long term, despite short-term savings, while demand-side policies are considered to positively impact uptake.

R. Sikkema, M. Koopmans

Introduction The increase in emerging human infectious diseases that have a zoonotic origin and the increasing resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial drugs have shown the need for collaborations between the human, animal and environmental health sectors. The One Health concept increasingly receives recognition from policy makers and researchers all over the world. This overview compiled research and education activities in the area of One Health in Western Europe (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Iceland, Ireland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, the Netherlands, Portugal, Scandinavia, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK), with a focus on infectious diseases. It can serve as a starting point for future initiatives and collaborations. Material and methods A literature search for ‘One Health’ was performed using National Center for Biotechnology Information and Google. Moreover, information from global and European policy documents was collected and a questionnaire was designed to gather current One Health research and training activities in Western Europe. Results This overview shows that there is considerable recognition for One Health in Europe, although most educational initiatives are recent. In Europe, the One Health approach is currently mainly advocated in relation to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Many countries have incorporated the One Health approach in their policy to fight AMR, and funding possibilities for AMR research increased significantly. The number of national and international multidisciplinary research networks in the area of zoonotic diseases and One Health is increasing. Discussion Although One Health has gained recognition in Europe, often a One Health approach to research and education in the area of zoonotic diseases and AMR is not implemented. In many countries, collaboration between sectors is still lacking, and One Health activities are predominantly initiated by the veterinary sector. To facilitate the multidisciplinary approach that is needed to fight zoonotic diseases and AMR, exploring current barriers for collaboration is needed. Targeted funding can help address these boundaries and facilitate multidisciplinary research and training to fight both zoonotic diseases and AMR in Europe.

Itziar Molina Sangüesa

El objetivo de este trabajo es la presentación de un glosario de especialidad sobre la aritmética y el álgebra del siglo XVI, con el cual hemos llevado a cabo, por un lado, una modesta contribución a la lexicografía histórico- científica y, por otro, la investigación de una parcela del léxico hispánico hasta el momento desatendida (y, en buena parte, desconocida) por los historiadores de la lengua española y filólogos en general. El estudio lexicológico que emana del inventario lexicográfíco confeccionado, como pondremos de manifiesto, nos ha permitido obtener un mejor y más adecuado conocimiento del tecnolecto matemático renacentista, como la procedencia de sus voces, los procedimientos morfológicos empleados en la formación de los tecnicismos y los aspectos semánticos que lo caracterizan. Para la confección de este inventario léxico especializado nos hemos servido del corpus del Diccionario de la Ciencia y de la Técnica del Renacimiento (DICTER) en el que se integra. Durante el proceso hemos empleado ciertas herramientas informáticas, cuyo manejo, igualmente, pretendemos mostrar en esta contribución, así como las principales dificultades surgidas de esta investigación interdisciplinar. En suma, consideramos que este diccionario y, concretamente, el apartado aritméticoalgebraico en el que nos centramos, puede ser un instrumento útil y provechoso para el estudio de la lengua y literatura científica hispánicas, dado que ponen al alcance del usuario aspectos fundamentales de una etapa crucial del devenir de ambas disciplinas y de la propia lengua española.