Joaquim Antonio Alves Ribeiro (Icó, 1830 – Fortaleza, 1875) foi o primeiro médico brasileiro a se formar em Harvard (1853); criou o primeiro gabinete de história natural do Ceará, uma instituição particular; fundou o primeiro periódico cearense voltado à difusão de conhecimentos médico-científicos; foi pioneiro no uso de um tipo de anestésico no Brasil; realizou outras atividades de cunho médico-científico, como o envio de objetos naturais para coleções no exterior e a contribuição com instituições públicas cearenses. No entanto, a despeito de sua relevância, é ainda personagem pouco reconhecido pela historiografia das ciências. A hipótese discutida no livro do historiador Eduardo Henrique Barbosa de Vasconcelos, A ciência peculiar de Joaquim Antonio Alves Ribeiro: Ceará – Harvard – Ceará, é que não se trata propriamente de um desconhecimento, mas sim de uma obliteração produzida por uma operação historiográfica desenvolvida em razão de um projeto político de elites “nacionais” – na verdade, sudestinas –, as quais sempre enfatizaram instituições científicas sobretudo do Sudeste como espaços quase exclusivos de pesquisa e desenvolvimento de atividades científicas na história do Brasil.
The concept of common nature in Duns Scotus is generally recognized for taking inspiration from the same concept of the philosopher Avicenna. While the proposals of the philosophers regarding common nature are similar, the difference between them and the contributions made by Scotus may not be immediately clear. This article examines the profound influence of Avicenna’s proposal on Scotist theory and elucidates Scotus’ contributions and the evolution of the concept of common nature from a Scotist perspective. This study explores the questions: Is Scotus’ theory simply a reflection of Avicenna’s proposal? And what are the contributions that Scotus introduces to the concept of common nature that were previously presented by Avicenna? The article will demonstrate that Scotus adds valuable ideas to the concept of common nature that were not initially present in Avicenna’s proposal, which helps create a clearer distinction between the common and the universal and will eventually serve as the basis for the realist epistemology proposed by Scotus and his views on the understanding of reality and its relationship with knowledge.
Traduzimos nove artigos relativos às descobertas da fissão nuclear e dos elementos transurânicos, uma história de grande importância em razão dos caminhos erráticos trilhados pelos cientistas e das dificuldades de articular evidências experimentais com expectativas teóricas. Apresentamos dois trabalhos de Enrico Fermi, em que descreve suas investigações com o bombardeamento de vários elementos com nêutrons e conclui a possibilidade de ter produzido os primeiros elementos transurânicos; o artigo de Ida Noddack criticando as metodologias de Fermi, concluindo que elementos mais leves poderiam ter sido produzidos naquelas reações; o artigo de Otto Hahn e Fritz Strassmann, em que indicam detectar quimicamente o bário em reações de bombardeamento de urânio com nêutrons; a carta ao editor de Lise Meitner e Otto Frisch explicando fisicamente a quebra dos núcleos a partir das evidências apresentadas por Hahn e Strassmann; a carta ao editor escrita por Otto Frisch apresentando evidências empíricas da fissão nuclear; a carta ao editor escrita por Edwin McMillan e Philip Abelson em que apresentam a metodologia de sintetização do elemento 93 e as análises químicas que confirmaram sua identidade e, enfim, duas cartas ao editor escritas por Glenn Seaborg, Edwin McMillan, Joseph Kennedy e Arthur Wahl, em que apresentam a sintetização física do elemento 94 e as técnicas químicas de identificação. Na introdução, apresentamos o contexto histórico, que envolve o prelúdio e a eclosão da Segunda Guerra Mundial, perseguição nazista, mudanças de instituição, segredos científicos e introdução às linhas de raciocínio que levaram às conclusões dos trabalhos.
The article examines the foundations that constitute the formulation of the metaphysical question in Martin Heidegger’s philosophy. The article focuses in detail on the period of 1929-1930, which includes the report “Was ist Metaphysik?” and the lecture course “Die Grundbegriffe der Metaphysik. Welt–Endlichkeit–Einsamkeit”. The introduction to the article and the main problem are three prejudices from Being and Time that make it impossible to ask a clear question about being. The main material is presented on the basis of primary sources: “Being and Time”, “Basic Concepts of Metaphysics”. The peculiarity of Heidegger’s work of the 1929s and 1930s is the approximation of the research methodology in the 1927 treatise to the present. Phenomenological hermeneutics and fundamental ontology were used in relation to the ancient Greeks to develop a metaphysics of ciphers or special words in which Heidegger concentrated the Greek experience of being. During the 1930s, Heidegger would make an effort to realize this experience by looking for points of intersection between Greeks and Germans in German idealism and poetry. Since the Greeks are ruled by aeon (temporal time) and agon (the spirit of competition), modern metaphysics needs to develop a special concept of being that would distinguish who Germans are, where they came from, and where they are going. The article proposes a distinction between higher being - divine, human life-world – social, human essence – cultural, working, shepherd. Being, being and man are subject to metaphysical questioning as the most general concepts. That is, those that immediately or a priori express a certain clarity. Nihilism, as the spirit of the time, demands that metanarratives be questioned and self-evidence be reassessed. An outstanding achievement of Heidegger’s metaphysical question is the distinction being as Seyn. The nationalist or folk Old German definition of being both frees it from academic requirements and accurately captures the open horizon in which the existence of the first half of the 20th century was frozen. Since this essence of man is presented after the linguistic turn, it lacks the main feature of the turn-a specific linguistic ability or words that clarify being. The article aims to study Martin Heidegger’s metaphysical teaching in the 1929-1930s. The article concludes that the metaphysics of the above-mentioned years of Heidegger’s philosophy reveals itself in parallel with the spirit of the time of the then German conservative revolution. As we know, Martin Heidegger did not remove the question of being and selected names for it, because he was looking for an appropriated lawn and a boundary, beyond which the exit to the lawn opens. This article offers a look at this problematic in the contextual name of metaphysic – Seyn.
Relevance. Growing distrust of vaccines around the world, a decrease in vaccination rates have led to an increase in the incidence of measles and a rise in the vulnerability of people with immunodeficiency status. The aim. To study the efficacy and safety of measles vaccination in children with oncohematological diseases. Materials & methods. The study involved 107 children: 74 of them with a history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 33 with solid tumors. All children had a history of receiving standardized polychemotherapy. In all the subjects, the vaccination history was studied, the titers of specific antibodies to measles were determined. Children with non-protective levels of antibodies (53 children) were subsequently vaccinated against measles. Results and discussions. Of the 107 children examined, before cancer, 99 (92.5%) were vaccinated against measles, of which 68 (68.7%) patients were only vaccinated, and 31 (31.3%) had vaccination and revaccination. Protective titers of antibodies against measles were preserved in 51 people (51.5%), and 48 (48.5%) were seronegative. When assessing immunogenicity on days 14, 45 after the introduction of the vaccine, it turned out that by day 14, 27 out of 53 children (50.9%) developed measles antibodies, and by day 45, 33 out of 53 children (62.3%), the rest of the children did not developed a protective level of antibodies, including 3 of 6 revaccinated. Conclusion. Thus, children with malignant diseases, regardless of the number of previous vaccinations and the duration of the end of therapy, become unprotected or have low titers of antibodies to measles in 83.8%, and immunization after treatment is effective in 62.3% of cases.
Inspirado no Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), o Centro de Pesquisas Físicas da URGS (CPF-URGS) foi criado em 1953 e substituído em 1959 pelo Instituto de Física. O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar os elementos mais relevantes dessa efêmera existência, e como esse processo redundou em reconhecidos benefícios para o futuro do Instituto de Física, uma vez que parte significativa da cultura científica implantada no IF-UFRGS a partir dos anos 1960 tem forte conexão com as atividades desenvolvidas no CPF.
This contribution aims to offer food for thought on the ancestral role of music for mankind, considering its potential, transversal to different areas of interest, including psycho-pedagogical, clinical and didactic, as a heterogeneous expression of cultures, communities and characters. In spite of the fact that music education is compulsory in secondary schools, not in all contexts the activities are structured and carried out taking into account the positive implications on pupils’ psycho-physical well-being, rehabilitative potential and increased motivation to learn. Just as the possibilities for dynamics and time in music are manifold, so too is the horizon of options that looms over the sky of educational action, intersecting also with the world of technology, which puts innovative tools such as serious games at the service of education.
Philosophy (General), Epistemology. Theory of knowledge
Retirement involves the transition from one stage in life to another. This transition has some implications which require coping strategies to survive the occurrences. This study, therefore, investigated coping strategies of retired elderly persons in Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria. The research design is a descriptive survey. The population of the study comprised elderly persons in Kwara State and the target population consisted of retired elderly persons in selected local government areas in Ilorin Metropolis. 300 retired elderly persons were purposively selected through snowball sampling, with the assistance of the pension office.
Questionnaires were used for data collection. The data was analysed using mean and analysis of variance. The results show that retired people adopted the coping strategies of having regular contact with people, spending time in nature (sleeping), performing regular exercise, seeking spiritual comfort, engaging in pleasurable hobbies and receiving support from family. However, there were significant differences in the coping strategies of retired persons in Ilorin Metropolis on the basis of gender, marital status and educational qualifications. The study recommended that male and female retirees should be encouraged to attend retirement counselling regularly, to adjust to the challenges of retirement. This implies that retirement counselling should be arranged for the elderly to ensure better health, emotional stability and physical functioning. This study has provided fresh information regarding coping with retirement that can be used for comparative studies as well as for informing retirement education and management within and outside employment in Nigeria, and perhaps elsewhere.
Who or what is the historical subject? – Andersian outlooks between psychopolitics and datism
In this paper I will question the equivalence between mankind and historical subjectivity. Following the philosopher Günther Anders’ thoughts about industrial revolutions and technological development, I will outline the changes technology is forcing over mankind, to the point of a potential change of roles. The digital turn shows how this is still an ongoing process, as I will highlight referring to the works by the philosopher Byung-Chul Han and the historian Y. N. Harari. The internet, as well as algorithms and Big Data, marks a trend showing the synthetic being becoming more relevant than the biological one.
N. N. Filatov, M. P. Kostinov, T. N. Elagina
et al.
Whereas the quality of the program depends on promptness, full coverage, vaccination schedule abidance. Taking new Moscow regions as an example there have been studied factors influencing vaccination against Pneumococcal infection (PI). Insufficient provision of the vaccine to reach the desired level of coverage has been detected: in 2014 only 67.57% of liable children could receive double vaccination; the available quantity of vaccine in 2015 was able to provide 33. 84% of children up to 12 months old with double vaccination.However, the actual number of children vaccinated turned to be much lower (0.23% in 2014 and 20.85% in 2015).The survey of the doctors with the purpose of defining the level of knowledge and commitment to the vaccination against PI has shown a modest level of epidemiology, clinical implications, PIimmunoprophylaxis method awareness. Parental attitude towards PI vaccination has been estimated as positive. Parental interest to opportunities of immunoprophylaxis against PI is worthwhile noting despite the insufficient level of knowledgeability of its effects. Hence 74.5% of parents whose children are not vaccinated against PI would like to start vaccination, however a part of them look into receiving more information (29.41% parents).
NEWEN, Albert. Die Entwicklung der Wittgensteinischen Sprachphilosophie von 1929-1932. Zeitschrift für philosophische Forschung, Band 51 (1997), 3. 427-447.
O presente artigo dedica-se a uma crítica das bases do
dualismo kantiano com relação a seu conceito de “autonomia”
remetendo àquela já elaborada por Schopenhauer. A analogia entre
noumeno e fenômeno, uma vez aplicada ao problema da liberdade
pensada em seu conceito segundo as leis do conhecimento, não é
capaz de superar o modo tradicional de pensar, a saber, a liberdade
como uma espécie de causalidade. Desse modo, indicam-se
primeiramente as maiores contribuições e principais insuficiências
do sistema kantiano para então partir-se de Schopenhauer rumo ao
que poderia ser um novo modo de pensar a liberdade como
possibilidade ontológica ao invés de uma propriedade racional.