Muhammad Tariq Majeed, Zubia Hussain, Mohammad Usman
et al.
The global community has recently reflected on the pressing need for economic growth with environmental stewardship. To ensure this balance, the concept of green growth has emerged, offering economic prosperity as well as environmental preservation. This study evaluates the role of financial sector improvement in promoting green growth by analysing panel data for 132 countries from 1990 to 2019. Particularly, this research adds to empirical evidence by analysing the threshold-specific effect of financial development on green growth. This study employs the pooled ordinary least squares method and a dynamic panel threshold estimator. The empirical outcome revealed a U-shaped curve between financial sector development and green growth. Similarly, a U-shaped curve is observed between financial institutions and green growth. The threshold values for financial sector development and financial institutions are 24.57% and 20.94%, respectively. These findings emphasise that after reaching a certain threshold value, higher financial development will direct the economy toward green growth, thus ensuring environmental sustainability. However, in the case of development in financial markets, an inverted U-shaped curve is observed with a threshold value of 7.96%.
The purpose of the article is to identify the relationship between operating in accordance with sustainability goals (SG) and resource-oriented elements of sustainable business model (SBM), belonging to the business, environmental and social layer. The analysed data comes from a survey conducted in 2022 on a sample of 303 enterprises belonging to SMES. The survey used the authors' questionnaire developed using the Triple Layer Business Model. The results were statistically analysed, and a logit model was developed to verify the significance of the relationship between the variables. The conducted research confirmed that acting in accordance with SGS is strongly related to resource-oriented elements of the SBM belonging to the business and social layers. Organisational culture and flexible work teams were identified as the most important resources used to create value propositions. Among the activities contributing to the success of the enterprise, the most important were those oriented to the environment. When choosing a partner for cooperation, the level of its commitment to social issues and its impact on the environment were most important. Organisational culture that promotes ethical actions and additional benefits was identified as the most important elements that create value for employees. On the other hand, when analysing the social impact of the company, the most important element here was the local community.
Piotr Jaworski, Marek Leśniak, Łukasz Popławski
et al.
The article analyses the impact of EU climate and energy regulations on the returns of companies with high and low ESG ratings in selected European countries. The publication uses a panel event study model based on data from 2,308 companies from Western and Central Europe in the years 2000–2025. The results indicate positive, statistically significant abnormal returns, especially among companies with high ESG ratings, which demonstrates investors' recognition of the importance of sustainable development. Companies with low ESG ratings also showed increases, probably due to market effects. A novel element is the concept of examining market reactions to announcements of the implementation of new ESG-related legislation. The study shows that markets are interested in companies' ESG implementation and that many investors understand the cause-and-effect relationship between new EU climate and energy regulations and companies' ESG implementation.
Andrzej Kucner, Anna Rutkowska, Wojciech Kozłowski
et al.
In this paper, the authors aim to present their evaluation of the potential of a Smart Village concept as a tool for the integration of local communities and participatory local development planning, based on 15 projects of strategies of villages, localities and municipalities in the Elbląg Canal Land. One of the significant distinguishing features of the developed concepts was the focus on goals, combining both the needs and the well-being of rural communities. Another shared characteristic of the analysed concepts is that they envisage the creation and development of tourist products related to the Elbląg Canal, a unique historic landmark of hydrotechnical engineering. Important objectives of the concepts developed with the participation of residents of each locality were to build partnerships and to identify avenues for cooperation, whilst creating local products and tourist services or solving local problems. The article compares the program's priorities with the solutions presented in the strategies. It also provides recommendations related to the strategy development process and the potential for their implementation within the Smart Village program. Among the key points is the need to thoroughly familiarise local communities with the program's objectives and possibilities, as well as to offer both substantive and organisational support to these communities during the strategy development process, for example, by collaborating with the academic sector.
This paper has two equally important research objectives. The first aim of the research is to identify key research areas addressed in scientific publications that simultaneously relate to blockchain, energy, and sustainability. In turn, the identification of green research areas in these publications is the second research aim. The indicated research aims were achieved on the basis of a bibliometric review of 205 scientific publications from 2017-2023 (Scopus database). By means of a systematic literature review, 25 different key research areas were identified. In turn, the classic literature review identified 18 green research areas (e.g. green blockchain). At the same time, no green issue was identified as a key research area. The results can inspire researchers looking for research gaps around blockchain and sustainability issues. Among the recommendations for stakeholders, the need for further research around blockchain technology, the development of a regulatory framework, or educational issues were highlighted.
Joanna Moczydłowska, Zuzanna Sara Moczydłowska, Laima Jeseviciute-Ufartiene
The aim of the article is to systematize knowledge about green competence management treated as a manifestation of the implementation of the green HRM concept and to diagnose the practice of green competence management in companies from the logistics services industry in Poland. The research is qualitative in nature. It was conducted in three logistics companies (one large and two medium-size). Due to the small sample size, the study is treated as a pilot study. The results will be used to formulate hypotheses for quantitative research. The added value of the article is developing an original tool for diagnosing the level of advancement of green HRM practices in the area of competence management, which can be used in various types of business entities, regardless of the sector or industry. Based on the research, it was concluded that—in the surveyed entities—the most common activities include "showing new employees good examples of environmental behavior promoted in the organization" as part of onboarding and HRM activities that can be identified as belonging to the "shaping and developing green competences" group. The least frequently used ones are positive motivational tools aimed at using green competences within, or outside professional activities. The size of the company had no impact on the variety and frequency of green HRM usage.
In this article, we focus on green bonds issued by local authorities for the energy transition of cities. Using bonds listed on public markets, we compared the yields of municipal energy bonds with those of other bonds of the same issuer at the same time. The comparison was made using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The study aimed to establish the presence of greenium, which can significantly reduce the cost of financing green energy projects implemented by urban centres. The study included selected agglomerations from almost every continent with different financial market experiences. The results indicate a wide variation in the occurrence of greenium, both in terms of value and stableness over time. This may imply that other non-financial factors influence its properties. However, the study results show the potential for reducing the cost of financing energy transition implemented by cities and may have practical relevance.
This study investigates various pro-environmental behaviours and their relationships among bicycle tourists. These behaviours encompass preferences for cycling and walking, energy conservation, waste separation, and environmentally friendly tourism product purchases. Additionally, the study investigates past carbon emissions due to motorised transportation as bicycle tourists and their moderating effect on indicated behaviours. According to the results obtained from structural equation modelling, the adoption of carbon-free modes of transportation for environmental purposes is significantly related to segregation, conservation, and environmentally friendly tourism product purchases among bicycle tourists. The result shows evidence of behavioural spillover among bicycle tourists. Furthermore, the study reveals that the moderating effect of past motorised transportation usage is particularly pronounced in the case of segregation behaviour. Finally, the study calculated the minimum overall carbon emissions rate for an individual by transportation and discussed potential reasons.
An assessment of perceptions of fishpond ecosystem services was conducted in Pasłek, a town located in northeastern Poland. Ninety-four expert interviews were conducted with non-fishermen. The survey included a list of 28 possible ecosystem services provided by fishponds. Environmental benefits were considered the most important, followed by social and productive services. Respondents rated the ponds' function as a place for fish spawning and reproduction highest, followed by their role as fire reservoirs and as a place for recreation and leisure. A comparison with other surveys showed that perceptions of ecosystem services in local surveys could be influenced by a number of conditions, including, among others, the nature and location of fish ponds. The survey showed that people not involved in fisheries and fish farming are aware of the wide range of ecosystem services fishponds provide. This is a positive social recommendation for European fisheries policy, which aims to develop aquaculture without deteriorating the environment, creating a balanced relationship between producers and consumers of production and non-production aquaculture products.
The first purpose of the research was to assess the dependence between the organisational decision-makers willingness to implement systemic solutions relevant to insurance (RSSs) and the attributes (systemic, awareness-related and organisational) of an organisation managed in accordance with ISO 14001. Another purpose was to identify the motivators that drive entities to implement additional system elements.
Earlier studies suggest that the structures of currently implemented ISO 14001 EMSs should be modified in order to increase their utility for the process of insurance provision.
The research problem was solved based on data obtained through an online survey among organisations implementing and certified ISO 14001 EMSs in Poland. Depending on the type of variables, the independence chi-square test, U-Mann-Whitney test, and the test of Spearman’s rank correlation, among others, were used for analysis.
The results of the study may help build integrated environmental risk management tools. They indicate the legitimacy of using non-insurance motivators (e.g. reduction of environmental fees) to achieve the desired EMS structure in the organisation from the insurers' point of view. At the same time, they emphasise the need to build environmental risk awareness (including, among other things, the risk of liability for environmental damage and its severity) to achieve the above.
El present treball analitza, des d'una visió marítima, les interrelacions comercials i migratòries entre la costa catalana i Mallorca durant la Guerra del Francès a Catalunya (1808-1814). Tot i que el conflicte bèl·lic existent hauria d'haver aturat les línies comercials, això no va succeir, i els viatges van continuar adaptant-se al progrés de la guerra. Aquest estudi aporta una visió desconeguda del comerç i de la migració marítima en temps de guerra que ens ajudarà a entendre, des d'una perspectiva més local, els efectes d'aquest conflicte en el marc geogràfic de la costa catalana.
Kostas Petrakis, Georgios Samaritakis, Thomas Kalesios
et al.
A vast area of research in historical science concerns the analysis of historical archival sources. This involves activities such as digitizing the historical sources, usually using spreadsheets or simple relational databases, and then analyzing the transcribed data using a range of methods depending on the kind of data and the type of research question that needs to be answered. In this paper, we describe the process of digitizing, curating and visualizing original archival sources of maritime history, a process done in the context of a European (ERC) project called SeaLiT. In particular, we present a set of innovative tools that have been implemented for supporting historians in transcribing the original sources and curating the transcribed data as well as a web application that visualizes the curated data on an interactive map. The overall process is demonstrated for the case of 16 original ship logbooks from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries kept by seven archives in Greece and Spain.
The intervention on the real estate market through a restricted use area (RUA) surrounding an airport changes the situation of the parties to the conflict and determines the manner of resolving the dispute, which is caused by noise externalities. The state, as a third party to the contract, influences the level of transaction costs on the real estate market. The aim of the publication is to present and compare the concepts of compensating loss relating to residential real estate located within RUAs surrounding airports according to the market value and fair value, as well as to present the methodology and estimates of social costs related to this kind of intervention. The methodological perspective is an effectiveness (market) based justifi cation of the intervention derived from R. Coase’s views, which are subject to critical assessment. Legal and economic deliberations are presented on the basis of studies, conducted in 2016-2018 for 5 largest Polish airports (according to the number of passengers), regarding the assessment of loss compensation in RUAs in the case of residential, single-family houses. The results of empirical research and the case study concern one airport, namely Poznań – Ławica. Theoretical considerations focus on comparing and searching for a legal, economic, and social justifi cation of utilizing two bases of valuation, namely: market value and fair value. The methodology of research has been arranged with the use of R.A. Posner’s approach. The discussion is divided into two parts: an analysis of the regulating element (the legal system) and the changes of the real estate market conditions from the point of view of price and cost levels after the implementation of a RUA.
The problem of economic security is an interdisciplinary issue. The research of economic safety of spatial entities and economic entities is also included in this research. The purpose of this article is to bring together issues related to the economic security of rural areas and economic entities located in these areas. The study will define the economic security and determinants of this security, particularly in rural areas. Factors influencing the security of rural areas and entities operating there will be described.
The article presents the influence of natural conditions not modified by man on the authenticity of traditional culinary products. Tourists can travel along tourist routes and visit agritourism farms. The analysis presents the presence in the rural tourist area of products and raw materials certified as traditional. Increasing interest in local and traditional products is most often considered in
the context of a region as a phenomenon of globalization or as a tendency to change consumer preferences stemming from the desire to preserve and show the wealth of culinary heritage.
The aim of this study is to identify rural and urban patterns of consumption expenditure and to evaluate whether convergence occurs between them. The results based on Household Budget Surveys data from the years 2006-2015 prove that the rural consumption pattern is less sustainable compared with the urban one and that they are akin to each other. The value of expenditure on higher needs (restaurants and hotels, leisure and culture) in rural households grows faster than in urban households, which proves some convergence between them.
The paper assumes the possibility of having road transport based entirely on vehicles propelled by electric motors. Taking into consideration the numbers of the particular vehicles and their technical parameters, the theoretical energy requirement for this sector of transport was determined. The objective assumed in the paper was to assess the difference in external costs related to the operation of combustion and electric vehicles accomplishing all of the current tasks of the road transport in the conditions of the Polish transport and energy system.
abstractThe article by Danny MacKinnon, Andrew Cumbers, Andy Pike, Kean Birch, and Robert McMaster continues the dialogue on evolutionary ideas within economic geography. In response, I argue that the word “evolution” has a variety of meanings and that more precision is required. This commentary also addresses the possibility of generalizing Darwinian principles to evolving social phenomena. It upholds that institutions and power fit into this Darwinian framework and that it does not undermine the importance of agency, deliberation, or choice. A word such as “determinism” should also be used more carefully, as it has multiple meanings.