Hasil untuk "Early Christian literature. Fathers of the Church, etc."

CMS Collaboration

In scattering experiments, high-virtuality partons, i.e., quarks and gluons, initiate a series of additional parton emissions to create collimated sprays of particles known as jets. This paper presents a measurement of the Lund jet plane (LJP) of high-energy jets produced in lead-lead (PbPb) collisions and compares the results to data for proton-proton (pp) collisions. The LJP is formed by iteratively declustering the constituents of a jet into consecutive emissions and recording the relative transverse momentum ($k_\mathrm{T}$) and angle of the resulting emission with respect to its emitter. The angular distributions of two different $k_\mathrm{T}$ slices of the LJP are investigated for jets with radius parameter of 0.4 and transverse momentum in the range 200$-$1000 GeV. The PbPb (pp) data were recorded by the CMS experiment in 2018 (2017) and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.7 nb$^{-1}$ (301 pb$^{-1}$) at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The measurement was designed to test whether the earliest jet emissions are produced before the formation of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in PbPb collisions. Within the experimental uncertainties, no significant difference is observed between the angular distribution of high-$k_\mathrm{T}$ emissions in \pp and PbPb collisions, which is consistent with these emissions occurring early in the jet evolution, before substantial interaction with the QGP.

Zefei Xie, Yuhan Guo, Kai Xu

There are different goals for literature research, from understanding an unfamiliar topic to generate hypothesis for the next research project. The nature of literature research also varies according to user's familiarity level of the topic. For inexperienced researchers, identifying gaps in the existing literature and generating feasible hypothesis are crucial but challenging. While general ``deep research'' tools can be used, they are not designed for such use case, thus often not effective. In addition, the ``black box" nature and hallucination of Large Language Models (LLMs) often lead to distrust. In this paper, we introduce a human-agent collaborative visualization system AwesomeLit to address this need. It has several novel features: a transparent user-steerable agentic workflow; a dynamically generated query exploring tree, visualizing the exploration path and provenance; and a semantic similarity view, depicting the relationships between papers. It enables users to transition from general intentions to detailed research topics. Finally, a qualitative study involving several early researchers showed that AwesomeLit is effective in helping users explore unfamiliar topics, identify promising research directions, and improve confidence in research results.

Burkhard C. Schipper, Tina Danting Zhang

We study dynamic decentralized two-sided matching in which players may encounter unanticipated experiences. As they become aware of these experiences, they may change their preferences over players on the other side of the market. Consequently, they may get ``divorced'' and rematch again with other agents, which may lead to further unanticipated experiences etc. A matching is stable if there is absence of pairwise common belief in blocking. Stable matchings can be destabilized by unanticipated experiences. Yet, we show that there exist self-confirming outcomes that are stable and do not lead to further unanticipated experiences. We introduce a natural decentralized matching process that, at each period assigns probability $1 - \varepsilon$ to the satisfaction of a mutual optimal blocking pair (if it exists) and picks any optimal blocking pair otherwise. The parameter $\varepsilon$ is interpreted as a friction of the matching market. We show that for any decentralized matching process, frictions are necessary for convergence to stability even without unawareness. Our process converges to self-confirming stable outcomes. Further, we allow for bilateral communication/flirting that changes the awareness and say that a matching is flirt-proof stable if there is absence of communication leading to pairwise common belief in blocking. We show that our natural decentralized matching process converges to flirt-proof self-confirming outcomes.

Jiajian Xie, Hubery Yin, Chen Li et al.

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable generative quality but remain bottlenecked by costly iterative sampling. Recent training-free methods accelerate diffusion process by reusing model outputs. However, these methods ignore denoising trends and lack error control for model-specific tolerance, leading to trajectory deviations under multi-step reuse and exacerbating inconsistencies in the generated results. To address these issues, we introduce Error-aware Trend Consistency (ETC), a framework that (1) introduces a consistent trend predictor that leverages the smooth continuity of diffusion trajectories, projecting historical denoising patterns into stable future directions and progressively distributing them across multiple approximation steps to achieve acceleration without deviating; (2) proposes a model-specific error tolerance search mechanism that derives corrective thresholds by identifying transition points from volatile semantic planning to stable quality refinement. Experiments show that ETC achieves a 2.65x acceleration over FLUX with negligible (-0.074 SSIM score) degradation of consistency.

Marcin Wysocki

Bibliografia polskich prac naukowych dotyczących Tertuliana opublikowanych w latach 1998-2023. Jest to kontynuacja bibliografii: K. Obrycki, Polska bibliografia Tertuliana za lata 1982-1997, CT 68/2 (1998) s. 109-112.

Christian Flores, Nagayoshi Ohashi, John J. Tobin et al.

We present ALMA observations of the Class I source Oph IRS63 in the context of the Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk) large program. Our ALMA observations of Oph IRS63 show a myriad of protostellar features, such as a shell-like bipolar outflow (in $^{12}$CO), an extended rotating envelope structure (in $^{13}$CO), a streamer connecting the envelope to the disk (in C$^{18}$O), and several small-scale spiral structures seen towards the edge of the dust continuum (in SO). By analyzing the velocity pattern of $^{13}$CO and C$^{18}$O, we measure a protostellar mass of $\rm M_\star = 0.5 \pm 0.2 $~$\rm M_\odot$ and confirm the presence of a disk rotating at almost Keplerian velocity that extends up to $\sim260$ au. These calculations also show that the gaseous disk is about four times larger than the dust disk, which could indicate dust evolution and radial drift. Furthermore, we model the C$^{18}$O streamer and SO spiral structures as features originating from an infalling rotating structure that continuously feeds the young protostellar disk. We compute an envelope-to-disk mass infall rate of $\sim 10^{-6}$~$\rm M_\odot \, yr^{-1}$ and compare it to the disk-to-star mass accretion rate of $\sim 10^{-8}$~$\rm M_\odot \, yr^{-1}$, from which we infer that the protostellar disk is in a mass build-up phase. At the current mass infall rate, we speculate that soon the disk will become too massive to be gravitationally stable.

Víctor José Serrano López

Breve recensión sobre el primer volumen de la serie MYTRA, dedicado a la evolución de la arquitectura de poder y su influencia en la topografía y el territorio durante la Antigüedad Tardía.

Agata Ewa Sowińska

Studium prezentuje polski przekład ze wstępem i komentarzem pięciu greckich wyimków hermetycznych, tzw. Hermetica Oxoniensia, znajdujących się w Codex Clarkianus 11 Oxoniensis (ff. 81r-82r).   

Piotr Kochanek

Celem tego artykułu jest przedstawienie rozumienia trzech pojęć: Gog (Ez 38-39), Magog (Rdz 10, 2) oraz Gog i Magog (Ap. 20, 7-10). Chodzi tutaj zarówno o ich aspekt eschatologiczny i historyczny, jak również o ich etymologię. Analizując pisma wielu autorów chrześcijańskich można stwierdzić, że Gog z Księgi Ezechiela był przedstawiany zwykle jako eschatologiczny wróg z Północy. Z kolei Magog syn Jafeta z Księgi Rodzaju był uważany za protoplastę Scytów. Natomiast Gog i Magog z Apokalipsy św. Jana to synonim szatana – eschatologicznego wroga wyznawców Chrystusa. Praktycznie tylko Ambroży z Mediolanu utożsamił Goga Ezechiela z konkretnych ludem, a mianowicie z Gotami, odwołując się do współczesnej mu sytuacji geopolitycznej cesarstwa po bitwie pod Adrianopolem. Jednak interpretację tę przejęło niewielu autorów łacińskich i greckich. Większość pisarzy kościelnych opowiedziała się po stronie Hieronima i Augustyna – krytyków historycznej interpretacji tekstu Ezechiela. Z kolei identyfikacja Magoga z Księgi Rodzaju ze Scytami, znana przynajmniej od czasów Józefa Flawiusza, spotkała się niemal z powszechną akceptacją. Różnica między autorami greckimi a łacińskimi polega tutaj na tym, że ci pierwsi powtarzali wiernie tę identyfikację, a tym samym przekazywali potomnym archaizujący obraz Północy. W konsekwencji Scytami nazywali oni nie tylko Gotów, czy Hunów, lecz także Awarów, Pieczyngów, Węgrów i Mongołów. Niektórzy pisarze łacińscy starali się ten obraz aktualizować. Generalnie jednak wszystkie ludy przybywające z północnego-wschodu nosiły piętno biblijnego wroga z Północy, ponieważ to właśnie Biblia była dla ówczesnych autorów kościelnych autorytetem również w zakresie geografii i etnografii.

Nmachi Peace Wosah, Thomas Win

Email is a channel of communication which is considered to be a confidential medium of communication for exchange of information among individuals and organisations. The confidentiality consideration about e-mail is no longer the case as attackers send malicious emails to users to deceive them into disclosing their private personal information such as username, password, and bank card details, etc. In search of a solution to combat phishing cybercrime attacks, different approaches have been developed. However, the traditional exiting solutions have been limited in assisting email users to identify phishing emails from legitimate ones. This paper reveals the different email and website phishing solutions in phishing attack detection. It first provides a literature analysis of different existing phishing mitigation approaches. It then provides a discussion on the limitations of the techniques, before concluding with an exploration into how phishing detection can be improved.

Jan Zapletal, Raphael Watschinger, Günther Of et al.

The presented paper concentrates on the boundary element method (BEM) for the heat equation in three spatial dimensions. In particular, we deal with tensor product space-time meshes allowing for quadrature schemes analytic in time and numerical in space. The spatial integrals can be treated by standard BEM techniques known from three dimensional stationary problems. The contribution of the paper is twofold. First, we provide temporal antiderivatives of the heat kernel necessary for the assembly of BEM matrices and the evaluation of the representation formula. Secondly, the presented approach has been implemented in a publicly available library besthea allowing researchers to reuse the formulae and BEM routines straightaway. The results are validated by numerical experiments in an HPC environment.

Md Manjurul Ahsan, Zahed Siddique

Heart disease is one of the significant challenges in today's world and one of the leading causes of many deaths worldwide. Recent advancement of machine learning (ML) application demonstrates that using electrocardiogram (ECG) and patient data, detecting heart disease during the early stage is feasible. However, both ECG and patient data are often imbalanced, which ultimately raises a challenge for the traditional ML to perform unbiasedly. Over the years, several data level and algorithm level solutions have been exposed by many researchers and practitioners. To provide a broader view of the existing literature, this study takes a systematic literature review (SLR) approach to uncover the challenges associated with imbalanced data in heart diseases predictions. Before that, we conducted a meta-analysis using 451 referenced literature acquired from the reputed journals between 2012 and November 15, 2021. For in-depth analysis, 49 referenced literature has been considered and studied, taking into account the following factors: heart disease type, algorithms, applications, and solutions. Our SLR study revealed that the current approaches encounter various open problems/issues when dealing with imbalanced data, eventually hindering their practical applicability and functionality.

Christian Budde, Christian Seifert

We consider time-dependent Desch-Schappacher perturbations of non-autonomous abstract Cauchy problems and apply our result to non-autonomous uniformly strongly elliptic differential operators on $\mathrm{L}^p$-spaces.

Chaima Abid, Vahid Alizadeh, Marouane Kessentini et al.

Due to the growing complexity of software systems, there has been a dramatic increase and industry demand for tools and techniques on software refactoring in the last ten years, defined traditionally as a set of program transformations intended to improve the system design while preserving the behavior. Refactoring studies are expanded beyond code-level restructuring to be applied at different levels (architecture, model, requirements, etc.), adopted in many domains beyond the object-oriented paradigm (cloud computing, mobile, web, etc.), used in industrial settings and considered objectives beyond improving the design to include other non-functional requirements (e.g., improve performance, security, etc.). Thus, challenges to be addressed by refactoring work are, nowadays, beyond code transformation to include, but not limited to, scheduling the opportune time to carry refactoring, recommendations of specific refactoring activities, detection of refactoring opportunities, and testing the correctness of applied refactorings. Therefore, the refactoring research efforts are fragmented over several research communities, various domains, and objectives. To structure the field and existing research results, this paper provides a systematic literature review and analyzes the results of 3183 research papers on refactoring covering the last three decades to offer the most scalable and comprehensive literature review of existing refactoring research studies. Based on this survey, we created a taxonomy to classify the existing research, identified research trends, and highlighted gaps in the literature and avenues for further research.

Leszek Misiarczyk

The research presents evagrian teaching about heresy. According to monk of Pontus heresy is not basically a rational error of human mind or some kind of er­roneous reasoning but is caused by passions (gr. logismoi) with a strong emotinal component. A heretic is not a man lacking the intelligence or a proper education but a one who is still dominated by one or more passions and has not yet com­pletely purified his nous.

Marta Przyszychowska

nie dotyczy

Monika Przepióra

nie dotyczy

Christian Hirsch, Christian Mönch

We investigate two asymptotic properties of a spatial preferential-attachment model introduced by E. Jacob and P. Mörters (2013). First, in a regime of strong linear reinforcement, we show that typical distances are at most of doubly-logarithmic order. Second, we derive a large deviation principle for the empirical neighbourhood structure and express the rate function as solution to an entropy minimisation problem in the space of stationary marked point processes.

Khadijeh Nedaiasl, Ali Foroush Bastani, Aysan Rafiee

In this paper, an integral equation representation for the early exercise boundary of an American option contract is considered. Thus far, a number of different techniques have been proposed in the literature to obtain a variety of integral equation forms for the early exercise boundary, all starting from the Black-Scholes partial differential equation. We first present a coherent categorization of exiting integral equation methodologies in the American option pricing literature. In the reminder and based on the fact that the early exercise boundary satisfies a fully nonlinear weakly singular non-standard Volterra integral equation, we propose a product integration approach based on linear barycentric rational interpolation to solve the problem. The price of the option will then be computed using the obtained approximation of the early exercise boundary and a barycentric rational quadrature. The convergence of the approximation scheme will also be analyzed. Finally, some numerical experiments based on the introduced method are presented and compared to some exiting approaches.

Mirosław J. Leszka

The present text focuses on presenting opinions of the Byzantines about the rulers of pagan Bulgaria as military leaders and reasons given by Byzantine au­thors explaining mishaps of their troops in battles against Bulgaria. The author concludes that, in general, the Byzantines did not allow for a thought that they could be defeated by any external power, in the least by the barbarian Mysians/ Bulgarians. However, if such occurrences took place, they were considered to be caused by divine intervention or negligence of the Byzantines themselves (i.e. disloyalty, lack of cooperation between commanders, low morale of the army etc.) and never result from genuine capability of the enemy, actual courage of the hos­tile forces or the adversaries’ leadership skills (which were generally discounted).