Hasil untuk "Crisis management. Emergency management. Inflation"

Gleb Yu. Shamsudinov, Veniamin V. Morozov, Georgiy S. Shirokov et al.

Purpose. Development and validation of a deep neural network for computer vision tasks, which, under conditions of limited time and resources, allows for the automatic classification of pathological conditions of the eyes and skin resulting from man-made and natural emergencies, as well as animal and insect bites, and the proposal of a first aid algorithm. Methods. Development of a deep neural network architecture, training the model on an expanded dataset of images of pathological conditions of the eyes and skin, validation of the results using standard computer vision metrics. Findings. A deep neural network has been developed that demonstrates high accuracy in classifying eye and skin pathologies, including animal and insect bites, on an expanded dataset. A new approach to automating first aid in emergency situations has been presented, which allows for reducing diagnostic time and increasing accuracy in various conditions, including the Ministry of Emergency Situations' activities to eliminate biological and social risks in disaster zones. Application field of research. The obtained results can be used to implement the model in first aid systems during emergencies, mobile applications and devices for rescuers, as well as to solve other problems in the field of life safety.

Jens Reinert, Cordula Dittmer, Daniel F. Lorenz et al.

Extreme heavy rainfall in Western Europe on 13–15 July 2021 caused severe flooding, notably in Germany's Rhineland‐Palatinate and North Rhine‐Westphalia. This study examines Flood Forecasting, Early Warning, and Disaster Response weaknesses during this event, focusing on the city of Stolberg. An interdisciplinary mixed‐methods approach integrated meteorological, hydrological, and social science research. Data included river gages, precipitation measurements, warnings, and 300 documents, with 30 expert interviews. Weaknesses included imprecise meteorological forecasts due to dynamic weather, leading to general warnings without specific impact guidance. Limited flood forecasting hindered local preparation and response, exacerbated by an emergency response system unprepared for the event's scale. The top‐down approach of Flood Forecasting and Early Warning conflicted with the bottom‐up processes of Disaster Response, hampering effective crisis management. The study reveals critical weaknesses and calls for improved forecasting, integrated response plans, communication protocols, and crisis channels to enhance flood resilience. Future research should explore these issues in other extreme flood events and compare international Flood Forecasting, Early Warning, and Disaster Response systems.

Saeid Bahramzadeh Gendeshmin, S. Seyedin, Mohsen Dowlati

Ensuring access to safe drinking water is vital for reducing health risks and strengthening disaster resilience. In water-scarce Iran, where natural disasters further strain resources, water supply experts play a key role in crisis management. Their firsthand experience across diverse regions provides valuable insights. Despite extensive research on emergency water management, this qualitative study explores key dimensions for optimizing drinking water provision to disaster-affected areas and centers by leveraging their expertise in real disaster scenarios. This study used a qualitative design with conventional content analysis. Data were collected through purposive sampling with maximum variation until saturation was reached, involving participants with academic and practical experience in water supply management during natural disasters. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews from March to September 2024 and analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman approach. The transcripts were processed using MAXQDA software (version 2020). To ensure the credibility and trustworthiness of the findings, the study followed Lincoln and Guba’s criteria, including credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. After analyzing the interviews, 509 initial codes were extracted and grouped into 84 subcategories, 24 categories, and four main themes. These four themes include: prevention and reduction of water supply challenges, covering risk assessment, and legal requirements and standards; preparedness for an optimal response, involving planning, coordination and organization, and training and empowerment; reactive measures namely readiness and initial assessment, and emergency training for the public; and optimal recovery, which focuses on reconstruction, and knowledge management. This study identifies critical factors for enhancing emergency water supply during natural disasters. The proposed innovative measures in this study include equipping emergency water extraction taps on main pipelines, considering the social characteristics of geographic areas in emergency water supply planning, and the crucial role of community participation in water management before and after disasters. These findings can help policymakers and water resource managers develop effective regulations and training programs to enhance disaster preparedness and response.

Chandra Prakash

Purpose – To help alleviate the immense suffering caused by humanitarian crises worldwide, organisations are forming relationships for effective coordination and resource sharing. However, organisations can struggle to build trust because of the uncertain context, varying institutional mandates and socio-cultural differences. Thus, this paper aims to better understand how humanitarian groups can leverage formal mechanisms to produce greater trust. Design/methodology/approach – This paper adopts a logical–positivist research paradigm to formulate and test its hypotheses. This paper answered this study’s research question using structural equation modelling from survey data of 180 humanitarian managers. Findings – In inter-organisational humanitarian relationships, formal mechanisms indirectly foster trust through two mediators: distributive justice and information sharing. Research limitations/implications – This research presents the perspective of only one partner in inter-organisational relationships. Moreover, the operationalisations of formal mechanisms and trust were not comprehensive (i.e. only contracts and integrity-based trust, respectively). Originality/value – To the best of the author’s knowledge, this research is a first attempt to empirically link the widely discussed idea of formal mechanisms, distributive justice, information sharing and trust in inter-organisational humanitarian relationships. Further, this research is the first attempt to present and empirically validate a theoretical model that addresses how formal mechanisms foster trust in inter-organisational relationships.

Romina M. Kretsu, Anatoliy V. Rybakov

Purpose. Development of a quantitative measure of the contribution of emergency scenarios to the overall uncertainty of the risk of man-made emergencies at fuel and energy facilities, based on the entropy of the system, the informational significance of individual scenarios and the degree of effectiveness of protective measures. This will allow for the consideration of low-probability but high-informational scenarios and ensure a rational choice of measures within a limited budget. Methods. The primary method utilizes an information-entropy approach, allowing for a quantitative assessment of the contribution of each emergency scenario to the overall uncertainty of the system. An optimization model for selecting protective measures is constructed, taking into account their effectiveness, cost, and the informational significance of the scenarios. A numerical experiment is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach under conditions of limited budgets and multiple risks. Findings. The study's results demonstrated that using the informational significance of scenarios enables the development of more effective resource allocation strategies. The proposed model reduces residual risk at a lower cost compared to classical approaches. A numerical experiment confirmed the method's applicability for the informed selection of protective measures under conditions of high uncertainty and limited budgets for preventing man-made emergencies. Application field of research. The developed model can be applied to risk management systems at industrial and infrastructure facilities exposed to man-made emergencies. The approach is relevant for designing civil defense action plans, justifying safety investments, and developing digital decision support platforms in resource-constrained environments with high uncertainty.

Kaila Witkowski

Within the last decade, public health epidemics have become more prevalent, prompting US state and government agencies to reassess how they respond to these crisis events. This is especially true for the opioid overdose epidemic, which continues to have a rising death toll despite significant investment from the US government. Utilizing strategies developed within the field of emergency management, state governments are becoming more involved in responding to the overdose epidemic by implementing state response plans and emergency health declarations. However, little is known about the effectiveness of these responses when transferred to a public health context. To fill this gap, this study conducted a legislative scan and plan quality assessment to examine the influence of plans, the quality of plans, and emergency declarations on policy enactment from 2010 to 2020. Using random‐effects Poisson regression models, this study found that the presence of overdose response plans increased the amount of time it took to pass overdose‐related policies, while emergency declarations increased the number of policies enacted the next year. These findings reveal that some strategies taken from the field of emergency management can be translated to a public health context, but careful consideration should be given to the time constraints of these options.

Li Yang, Mirna El Rajab, Abdallah Shami et al.

Zero-Touch Networks (ZTNs) represent a state-of-the-art paradigm shift towards fully automated and intelligent network management, enabling the automation and intelligence required to manage the complexity, scale, and dynamic nature of next-generation (6G) networks. ZTNs leverage Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) to enhance operational efficiency, support intelligent decision-making, and ensure effective resource allocation. However, the implementation of ZTNs is subject to security challenges that need to be resolved to achieve their full potential. In particular, two critical challenges arise: the need for human expertise in developing AI/ML-based security mechanisms, and the threat of adversarial attacks targeting AI/ML models. In this survey paper, we provide a comprehensive review of current security issues in ZTNs, emphasizing the need for advanced AI/ML-based security mechanisms that require minimal human intervention and protect AI/ML models themselves. Furthermore, we explore the potential of Automated ML (AutoML) technologies in developing robust security solutions for ZTNs. Through case studies, we illustrate practical approaches to securing ZTNs against both conventional and AI/ML-specific threats, including the development of autonomous intrusion detection systems and strategies to combat Adversarial ML (AML) attacks. The paper concludes with a discussion of the future research directions for the development of ZTN security approaches.

Juan Mariscal-Cáceres, Carmen Cristófol-Rodríguez, Luis Manuel Cerdá-Suárez

The aim of this paper is to analyze the evolution of bank liquidity regulations, considering the global regulatory framework applicable to financial institutions, from the beginning of the banking and liquidity crisis in 2007–2008 to the present. The new liquidity requirements under Basel III regulations are defined. An analysis is made of the recent evolution of credit institutions in Spain from different banking prisms to determine how the new banking regulation and supervision, following the start of supervisory powers by the European Central Bank at the end of 2014, has affected them. The methodology applied has been firstly the literature review, followed by a compilation and analysis of the financial and statistical evidence available on the main Spanish financial institutions, from the European Central Bank and the Bank of Spain, as well as information published by other agencies and the financial institutions themselves. It concludes with a reflection and analysis of the outlook for the sector once the most recent impacts, derived from COVID-19, and the supply crisis with the rise in global inflation and the increase in interest rates have been overcome. It can be stated that credit institutions in Spain have significantly improved their liquidity position over the last 15 years.

Benjamin F. Morrow, Lauren Berrings Davis, Steven Jiang et al.

Purpose – This study aims to understand client food preferences and how pantry offerings can be optimized by those preferences. Design/methodology/approach – This study develops and administers customized surveys to study three food pantries within the Second Harvest Food Bank of Northwestern North Carolina network. This study then categorizes food items by client preferences, identifies the key predictors of those preferences and obtains preference scores by fitting the data to a predictive model. The preference scores are subsequently used in an optimization model that suggests an ideal mix of food items to stock based upon client preferences and the item and weight limits imposed by the pantry. Findings – This study found that food pantry clients prefer fresh and frozen foods over shelf-friendly options and that gender, age and religion were the primary predictors. The optimization model incorporates these preferences, yielding an optimal stocking strategy for the pantry. Research limitations/implications – This research is based on a specific food bank network, and therefore, the client preferences may not be generalizable to other food banks. However, the framework and corresponding optimization model is generalizable to other food aid supply chains. Practical implications – This study provides insights for food pantry managers to make informed decisions about stocking the pantry shelves based on the client’s preferences. Social implications – An emerging topic within the humanitarian food aid community is better matching of food availability with food that is desired in a way that minimizes food waste. This is achieved by providing more choice to food pantry users. This work shows how pantries can incorporate client preferences in inventory stocking decisions. Originality/value – This study contributes to the literature on food pantry operations by providing a novel decision support system for pantry managers to aid in stocking their shelves according to client preferences.

Jinyang Jiang, Xiaotian Liu, Tao Ren et al.

We introduce a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach for solving management problems including inventory management, dynamic pricing, and recommendation. This DRL approach has the potential to lead to a large management model based on certain transformer neural network structures, resulting in an artificial general intelligence paradigm for various management tasks. Traditional methods have limitations for solving complex real-world problems, and we demonstrate how DRL can surpass existing heuristic approaches for solving management tasks. We aim to solve the problems in a unified framework, considering the interconnections between different tasks. Central to our methodology is the development of a foundational decision model coordinating decisions across the different domains through generative decision-making. Our experimental results affirm the effectiveness of our DRL-based framework in complex and dynamic business environments. This work opens new pathways for the application of DRL in management problems, highlighting its potential to revolutionize traditional business management.

Ali Afshari, Mohammad Torabi, S. Navkhasi et al.

Introduction The unpredictability of prehospital emergencies combined with constantly changing circumstances can lead to increased stress and mental health issues among Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs). To accurately determine the stress-inducing factors in the prehospital environment, it is important to first identify the stressful events that occur in this environment. Therefore, this study strives to provide a thorough analysis of the stressors in the prehospital environment. Methods Sequential explanatory mixed methods were conducted in Hamadan prehospital emergency centers in 2022. The study included 251 EMTs, who were selected through a method in the quantitative phase. The quantitative part used a questionnaire consisting of basic information and the Posttraumatic Stress Questionnaire (PCL-5). In the qualitative phase, 17 with extensive experience in dealing with prehospital stressors were selected based on their PCL-5 scores (above 33). The qualitative phase analysis was carried out using the contractual content method using the Graneheim and Ladman's approach. Statistical analyzes for the quantitative and qualitative phases were performed using SPSS 21 and maxqda 10, respectively. Results The study revealed that the EMTs had an average PTSD score of 21. 60 ± 11. 45. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the number of shifts had a statistically significant relationship with PTSD scores (t = 26.38, P  < 0.001). The qualitative phase of the study included 17 interviews, resulting in 14 subcategories, which consisted of four categories: “the overall impact of the stress crisis on technicians,” “missing links in the communication network in incident management,” "professional shortcomings in pre-hospital care,” and “the complex and multifaceted context of stressful pre-hospital emergencies.” Additionally, the study's theme was centered around “surveying the experiences of EMTs in stressful environments.” Conclusion As the number of shifts increased, the primary cause of the high prevalence of PTSD in EMTs was revealed. Prehospital emergency stress can be reduced and managed more skillfully by adjusting various factors such as shortening workdays, offering continuous training, augmenting workforce, supplying ambulance equipment insurance, refraining from hiring personnel devoid of clinical training, hiring psychologists, hiring midwives in an emergency, updating prehospital protocols and guidelines, encouraging cooperation between EMTs and other relief groups, and utilizing cutting-edge technologies.

Hogne Lerøy Sataøen, Mats Eriksson

PurposeThe aim of the study is to deepen the knowledge about municipalities' risk communication for preparedness. This objective was pursued by analyzing how risk communication functions were organized in municipalities and by scrutinizing tensions in risk communication management.Design/methodology/approachThe study relies on 19 qualitative, semi-structured interviews with communication practitioners in Swedish municipalities. The sample was purposive and included Swedish municipalities varying in number of inhabitants, geographical location, degree of urbanization, size and risk profile.FindingsRisk communication is seen as a sub-field of crisis communication in municipalities' communication management. The task of initiating risk communication activities and campaigns is frequently assigned to the municipalities' safety units or emergency coordinators and is normally not part of communication practitioners' duties. Municipal communication practitioners often face challenges in trying to demonstrate the significance of the practitioners' role in risk communication and other risk-related activities within the municipality. The practitioners' work is characterized by four categories of tensions that are identified as follows: constitutional/legal, organizational, cultural and technological.Practical implicationsThe identified tensions in risk communication are important for reflexive practitioners to consider, and the paper suggests three steps that municipal communication managers can take to handle them.Originality/valueThe study contributes with novel knowledge about municipal communication management in a context of risk communication. The study challenges the existing and dominant risk communication research and offers a more contextual and reflexive understanding of actual risk communication processes in municipalities.

Pootipong Wongveerasin, R. Othong, Akkasil Pinchumponsang et al.

Objectives To describe the clinical presentation of acute dystonia (AD) from drug abuse or misuse, as well as the emergency department (ED) management and outcomes in adolescents and young adults. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of patients aged 10–25 years who were admitted to the ED for AD due to intentional abuse or misuse from January 1, 2014, to June 30, 2017. Data were collected from electronic medical records by three investigators with excellent interrater reliability (0.87). Results Sixty-two cases met the criteria with male predominance (85.5%); the mean age was 16.7 years. Perphenazine was the most common cause of AD (38.7%), followed by haloperidol (32.2%). The most common AD manifestations were torticollis (51.6%), oromandibular dystonia (45.2%), and oculogyric crisis (22.6%). Intravenous (IV) diazepam combined with oral trihexyphenidyl and IV diazepam alone were the most frequently used first treatment in our ED (41.7% and 35.0%, respectively). Overall, the improvement rates from IV diazepam alone or combined with trihexyphenidyl ranged from 46.2%–75.0%. These rates were inferior to those observed with IV benztropine (100%) alone or combined with trihexyphenidyl. All patients were treated on an outpatient basis, except for one who was admitted to a pediatric ward. Conclusions In recent years, drug-induced AD caused by intentional abuse among adolescents and young adults has become a concern in Thailand. The most common suspected drugs of abuse were first-generation antipsychotics, perphenazine, and haloperidol. The most effective treatment was benztropine.

Julio Cezar Soares Silva, Adiel Teixeira de Almeida Filho

The passive management approach offers conservative investors a way to reduce risk concerning the market. This investment strategy aims at replicating a specific index, such as the NASDAQ Composite or the FTSE100 index. The problem is that buying all the index's assets incurs high rebalancing costs, and this harms future returns. The index tracking problem concerns building a portfolio that follows a specific benchmark with fewer transaction costs. Since a subset of assets is required to solve the index problem this class of problems is NP-hard, and in the past years, researchers have been studying solution approaches to obtain tracking portfolios more practically. This work brings an analysis, spanning the last decade, of the advances in mathematical approaches for index tracking. The systematic literature review covered important issues, such as the most relevant research areas, solution methods, and model structures. Special attention was given to the exploration and analysis of metaheuristics applied to the index tracking problem.

C. Harland, L. Knight, Andrea S. Patrucco et al.

PurposeThe procurement and supply of crucial healthcare products in the early stages of the COVID-19 emergency were chaotic. To prepare for future crises, we must be able to describe what went wrong, and why, and map out ways to build agility and resilience. How can this be done effectively, given the highly complex and diverse network of actors across governments, care providers and supply chains, and the extreme uncertainty and dynamism in the procurement system and supplier markets? The purpose of this study was to capture learning from practitioners in “real time” in a way that could frame and inform capacity building across healthcare systems with varying procurement and supply management maturity.Design/methodology/approachThis exploratory study involved interviews with 58 senior public procurement practitioners in central and regional governments, NGOs and leaders of professional organizations from 23 countries, very early in the COVID crisis. Following the first, inductive phase of analysis leading to five descriptive dimensions, the awareness-motivation-capability (A-M-C) framework was applied in a further round of coding, to understand immediate challenges faced by procurement practitioners, how the complex, multi-level procurement system that shaped their motivations to respond and critical capabilities required to face these challenges.FindingsDevelopments across 23 countries and practitioners' learning about procurement and supply in the pandemic crisis can be captured in five overarching themes: governance and organization, knowledge and skills, information systems, regulation and supply base issues. Together these themes cover the strengths and gaps in procurement and supply capability encountered by procurement leaders and front-line personnel. They highlight the various facets of structure, resource and process which constitute organizational capability. However, to account better for the highly dynamic situation characterized by both unprecedented rivalry and cooperation, analysts must also pay attention to actors' emerging awareness of the situation and their rapidly changing motivations.Originality/valueThe application of the A-M-C framework is unique in the healthcare supply chain and disaster management literature. It enables a comprehensive overview of healthcare procurement from a system perspective. This study shows how increasing system preparedness for future emergencies depends both on developing critical capabilities and understanding how awareness and motivation influence the effective deployment of those capabilities.

Zerin Tasnim, Abu Bakar A. Hamid, Yogesh K. Dwivedi et al.

Purpose – Number of disastrous events are rising globally, and it is important to manage the humanitarian supply chain management process to assist the disaster affected individuals in terms of relief operations. Effective relief operations can help to recover the materialistic loss due to any disaster. But there is a paucity of studies regarding this issue for developing countries. This study, hence, inspected the factors that affect the disaster supply chain management (DSCM) processes for relief operations in Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach – This study examined the factors affecting relief operations through a qualitative analysis. This study used thematic analysis. Interviews were conducted with related supply chain individuals who were triangulated by data from related publications and blogs. Findings – The study showed that sustainable DSCM for relief operations in Bangladesh require addressing few factors as organizational capabilities, warehousing locations and inventory management, infrastructure facility, coordination among partners, government and local authority support to create a transparent, efficient, effective and sustainable DSCM process for relief operations in Bangladesh. The system loopholes can be identified and rectified on the base of these factors. Research limitations/implications – The number of interview respondents was limited to twenty who were selected randomly from four organizations. To create a sustainable disaster supply chain management (SCM) for relief operations few factors were considered as predominant factors in Bangladesh context to generalize the developing country contexts and other factors were not considered. Therefore, for farther humanitarian research, the model of this study can be used for quantitative research and the hypotheses can be tested empirically to get more acute findings. Practical implications – As this study identifies the factors which can help to create a sustainable DSCM system for relief operations, hence practically, Bangladesh humanitarian SCM agencies will be beneficial from this study. They can easily recognize the factors need to be considered to create a sustainable DSCM process for relief operations. Originality/value – This is a unique study carried out to examine the factors affecting DSCM process for relief operations in Bangladesh.

Peng Gao, Weijun Li

City gas explosion accidents have occurred frequently in recent years, leading to major injuries and losses. An effective emergency response process is necessary to deal with city gas accidents by preventing them from expanding and reducing losses. However, emergency response is a complex process that includes many contributing factors, such as personnel, departments, and materials. If one or more of these factors fails, it will affect the implementation of the emergency response. Therefore, more efforts should be made on the systematic procedures and methods addressing risks in emergency response process. From the view of Process Hazard Analysis (PHA), the emergency response process can be seen as a work process with many operation nodes. In this sense, PHA methods such as HAZOP can be used for the risk analysis of the emergency response process. First, the emergency response process of a city gas explosion accident is broken down into procedure-based operations. Then HAZOP is used to comprehensively review the process and obtain deviations, causes, and consequences, which are considered as risk factors. Finally, Bayesian networks are used to characterize the inter relationships of various factors and quantify the risk of the emergency response process. Furthermore, the most critical events can be identified based on the sensitivity analysis. The results show that firefighters' operations, management of the emergency command center, and environmental conditions on site are critical factors during city gas explosion accidents. The method proposed can help identify potential risks of the emergency response process systematically and prevent accident expansion.

Татьяна Григорьевна Ковалева, Татьяна Георгиевна Дементьева

Цель. Осветить ресурсные и методические аспекты современных информационно-коммуникационных технологий иноязычного образования специалистов. Раскрыть перспективы и проблемы обучения иноязычной коммуникации в современных условиях доминанты Интернета при сохранении традиционных подходов к обучению иностранному языку. Методы. Критический анализ теоретических источников по вопросам внедрения информационно-коммуникационных технологий в педагогический процесс. Обобщение практического опыта иноязычного образования работников сферы безопасности жизнедеятельности и обучающихся Университета гражданской защиты. Результаты. Раскрыты ресурсные и методические преимущества современных информационно-коммуникационных систем и технологий, используемых в целях формирования и развития иноязычной коммуникативной компетенции специалистов, в особенности технологии дистанционного обучения, элементам англоязычной коммуникации работников службы спасения. Даны рекомендации по наиболее эффективному методическому использованию современных инструментов и ресурсов, необходимых для лингвистического образования специалистов в сфере безопасности жизнедеятельности. Область применения исследований. Информационно-коммуникационное обеспечение педагогического процесса обучения коммуникации, в том числе иноязычной. Методика и практика обучения профессионально ориентированному межкультурному общению с учетом современного уровня информационных технологий.

Светлана Дмитриевна Латушкина, Ольга Ивановна Посылкина, Александр Григорьевич Артемчик et al.

Цель. Изучение адгезионной прочности и износостойкости металлических покрытий, сформированных методом магнетронного распыления на огнезащищенных тканевых материалах. Методы. Трибологические испытания проводили на трибометре JLTB-02. Адгезионная прочность покрытий оценивалась с помощью методики измерения с использованием клейкой ленты с решетчатым надрезом. Дорожки изнашивания на покрытиях были исследованы с помощью сканирующего электронного микроскопа Hitachi S-900. Результаты. Исследованы адгезионная прочность и трибологические свойства алюминиевых и латунных покрытий, осаждаемых методом магнетронного распыления на арселоне с различными пропитками. Определено, что применение пропитки вне зависимости от состава повышает адгезионную прочность покрытий, формируемых методом магнетронного распыления. Установлено влияние как состава химической пропитки, так и материала покрытия на трибологические характеристики изученных образцов. Установлено, что для алюминиевых покрытий характерны меньшие значения коэффициента трения и ширины дорожек трения, чем для латунных, что свидетельствует об их более высокой износостойкости. Область применения исследований. Представленные результаты исследований могут быть использованы при изготовлении огнезащитной спецодежды, необходимой для пожарных, спасателей, а также для работников нефтегазовой отрасли, сварщиков, металлургов и военных.