Positional accuracy in cadastral data is fundamental for secure land tenure and efficient land administration. However, many land administration systems (LASs) experience difficulties to meet accuracy standards, particularly when data come from various sources or historical maps, leading to disruptions in land transactions. This study investigates the use of unsupervised clustering algorithms to identify and characterize systematic spatial error patterns in cadastral maps. We compare Fuzzy c-means (FCM), Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN), and Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) in clustering error vectors using two different case studies from Greece, each with different error origins. The analysis revealed distinctly different error structures: a systematic rotational pattern surrounding a central random-error zone in the first, versus localized gross errors alongside regions of different discrepancies in the second. Algorithm performance was context-dependent: GMMs excelled, providing the most interpretable partitioning of multiple error levels, including gross errors; DBSCAN succeeded at isolating the dominant systematic error from noise. However, FCM struggled to capture the complex spatial nature of errors in both cases. Through the automated identification of problematic regions with different error characteristics, the proposed approach provides actionable insights for targeted, cost-effective cadastral renewal. This aligns with fit-for-purpose land administration principles, supporting progressive improvements towards more reliable cadastral data and offering a novel methodology applicable to other LASs facing similar challenges.
Authorities of the Ho Chi Minh City have expressed an interest in developing application solutions of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) that are able to monitor construction progress at different stages of any project; and to update cadastral maps for improving geospatial information for decision-making. This paper aims to describe new opportunities of using UAV in monitoring and mapping at Thu Duc district, and to address main challenges from different aspects and limitations that help engineers to improve the procedures and accuracy of UAV images processing. Some specific application cases focused on monitoring construction progress, cadastral mapping and updating the database are also introduced for understanding how UAV solutions can be applied as one tool to improve the analysis of land use change and infrastructure management in the urban area. In addition, the analysed results also shown how to develop the flight planning and the suitable Ground Control Points (GCPs) with challenges from different aspects in application solutions in capturing necessary data on monitoring construction progress and updating cadastral maps with large scale (1:200 and 1:500).
Abstract The lack of long-term assessment of the administrative divisions of Galicia, a former part of the Austrian monarchy, has so far been a serious obstacle in the mapping and spatial analyses of archival census data. To fill this gap, we reconstructed the boundaries of 5944 cadastral communes, court districts, and political districts into circles (https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/PXDP41). Geometric boundaries are accompanied by different names according to census and cartographic sources. We found that a detailed reconstruction of the administrative units for Galicia is critically important for appropriately using census data in spatial analyses. So far, it has been neglected or considered difficult to perform because of the large area of the region, frequent administrative changes, and time-consuming map processing.
На підставі вибірки даних міністерств, місцевих органів влади та інших офіційних відкритих джерел інформації щодо наслідків руйнування дамби Каховської ГЕС та їх аналізування з’ясовано, що вони є неточними. З урахуванням наведеного, науковцями Інституту землекористування НААН розроблено методологію визначення площ підтоплених земель, що постраждали внаслідок руйнування дамби Каховської ГЕС, території під Каховським водосховищем, складовими якої є супутникові знімки, геоінформаційні технології та технології штучного інтелекту. Для виявлення та оцінки площі підтоплених земель проаналізовано супутникові знімки до скоєння теракту й станом на 09 червня 2023 року, за результатами якого встановлено, що загальна площа підтоплення за класами земельного покриву ESA WorldCover становила близько 65 тис. га.
Досліджуючи придатність до використання земель сільськогосподарського призначення за цільовим призначенням у постраждалих внаслідок руйнування регіонах із відкритих джерел інформації створено базу даних земель із відомостями про координати, цільове призначення, форму власності та інші відомості кадастру.
З’ясовано, що кількість земельних ділянок, зареєстрованих у Державному земельному кадастрі й опинились у зоні підтоплення, становить 30 325 ділянок. Інші ділянки, які знаходяться у зоні підтоплення, не зареєстровано. Загальна площа цих ділянок, що потрапили під вплив повені, становить близько 25 тис. га, в тому числі 9,8 тис. га (38%) – це землі сільськогосподарського призначення. Із них лише 20% знаходяться у приватній власності (з них три чверті – землі сільськогосподарського призначення та одна чверть – землі житлової та громадської забудови).
Встановлено, що частка площі земельних ділянок у зоні підтоплення у загальній площі за формами власності становить: 56,5% – державна власність; 22,1 – комунальна, 20,3% – приватна й не визначеними залишається 1,2%.
Ключові слова: Каховське водосховище, підтоплені землі, Державний земельний кадастр, геоінформаційні технології, штучний інтелект
The Constitution of Ukraine, recognizing the indispensability of land as a natural resource, rightfully acknowledges it as the country's primary national wealth, deserving special protection by the state. On May 12, 2023, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine approved the Procedure for conducting public monitoring of land relations and land market monitoring. From 1993 to 2017, in accordance with existing legislation, land and soil monitoring have been carried out in Ukraine as components of environmental monitoring. It is practically considered that there is one main direction of land monitoring - land monitoring, although terms such as "land monitoring," "land monitoring," "monitoring of land resources," "soil monitoring," "land use monitoring," "agricultural land use monitoring," etc., are used in scientific literature.
These monitoring activities had an ecological focus, serving to preserve one of the ecosystems - land resources - and mitigate environmental crises. However, these monitoring efforts were mainly unsystematic and scattered, which limited their application in addressing urgent socio-economic and environmental issues related to land use. The standard state of monitoring of this resource in 2017 shifted towards monitoring land relations and has now acquired the status of public monitoring of the land market starting from 2023, representing the quintessence of market-based land relations in the country. The essence of public monitoring is not only a political vestige but also the essence of market-based land relations that have developed in Ukraine. This highlights not only the environmental role of land monitoring but, above all, emphasizes its socio-economic significance in the functioning of market-based land relations. [1]
The ordinary state of monitoring a specified resource in 2017 became monitoring of land relations, and starting from 2023, it acquired the status of public monitoring of the land market, representing the essence of market land relations in the country. The essence of public monitoring manifested not only as a political relic but also as the essence of market land relations that have developed in Ukraine. This emphasizes not only the environmental role of land monitoring but, above all, highlights its socio-economic significance in the functioning of market land relations.
Keywords: Public monitoring, land market monitoring, environmental monitoring, land use.
Secondo diverse fonti, non del settore cartografico, la Linea Sacra di San Michele unisce sette santuari dedicati all’Arcangelo, dall’Irlanda a Israele, con una misteriosa e suggestiva linea retta. L’articolo, dopo aver ricordato la generale arbitrarieta? di tale affermazione in un contesto cartografico, dimostra in maniera statisticamente rigorosa che la Linea Sacra di S. Michele segue effettivamente una linea retta sulla rappresentazione di Mercatore, dimostrando cosi? l’appartenenza dei sette santuari ad una curva lossodromica sulla superficie terrestre. Si riportano infine i risultati dello studio di allineamento della Linea Sacra con il tramonto del sole nel giorno del solstizio d’estate.
ABSTRACT
According to several sources, not from the cartographic world, the Sacred Line of San Michele unites seven dedicated shrines to the Archangel, from Ireland to Israel, with a mysterious and suggestive straight line. The article, after recalling the general arbitrariness of this statement
in a cartographic context, demonstrates in a manner statistically strict that the Line Sacra di S. Michele actually follows a straight line on the representation of Mercator, thus proving the membership of the seven sanctuaries at a rhumb line on the earth surface.
Land surface and environmental data (cadastral data) are extremely important in the functioning of the country and society. Upgrading the data is fundamental. Methods of traditional surveying (TM) or using modern remote data acquisition methods (PhM) are used for this purpose. The aim of the study is to compare the process of upgrading space and environmental data made by traditional methods and using modern remote data collection methods. The study established the following research hypotheses: (1) the election of the method of performing the cadastral data modernization process to consider effectiveness, productivity, profitability, quality (accuracy), reliability, and efficiency; (2) technical factors, as well as employee well-being and commitment, are equivalent motivators for the election of the cadastral data modernization method; (3) modern survey technologies using photogrammetric images are more efficient than traditional survey methods. The process evaluation methodology was tested on two objects located in Poland. The analyses considered both technical aspects and the comfort of the process contractors. The results showed that despite the higher unit price per cadastral plot (TM 180 PLN/cadastral plot, PhM 190 PLN/cadastral plot), the remote methods require less time commitment (TM-86 days; PhM-50 days) and involve reduced business travel (TM-65 days; PhM-29 days). The comfort of working with modern methods (PhM) is higher than with traditional measurement methods. In total, considering all the parameters studied, traditional methods required about 33% more commitment than modern remote methods of collecting surface and environmental data collection. Modern data acquisition methods are friendly to process contractors but gain less public acceptance than traditional methods (the level of border non-acceptance is higher in PhM methods than in TM (TM-3, Phm-8).
Krnáčová Zdena, Barančok Peter, Pavličková Katarína
et al.
Ecosystem services are the benefits provided to human society by natural ecosystems, which are generally understood as the ecosystem processes that sustain human life. In particular, an ecosystem’s cultural services include intangible benefits derived from aesthetic and other experiences, recreation, cognition and spiritual enrichment, and the ability to discern values. The study focuses on the comparison of two methodological approaches to the evaluation of landscape and the benefits of ecosystems for the development of ecological forms of tourism, using Bratislava IV as an example. The basis for database information is the processing of secondary landscape structure. The first methodological approach is based on a detailed mapping of land cover classes (Land Cover) in accordance with the legend of the Technical Guide CORINE Land Cover – supplement at the fourth and fifth levels of mapping in 2014‒2018 and determining the degree of landscape-ecological significance. The second approach is based on creating a set of relevant indicators and their evaluation using the scaling and weighting method. We reached the conclusion that the first methodological approach is more suitable for smaller territories at the cadastral level, while the second is better suited for regional-level territories.
A big leap in the agricultural sector is expected thanks to the operational deployment of Copernicus data and services, the new Earth Observation
program of the European Commission. The huge quantity of data delivered freely along with the good level of resolution (spatial, temporal and
spectral) will open up new opportunities for achieving the well-known sustainability of agriculture. At the same time, the new trends of crowdsourcing and citizen science are delivering a great deal of geographical data collected by ordinary users with a bottom-up process. The two type of data and their integration will be the base for the future application in the agricultural sector, albeit management of big geospatial dataset and quality of
user generated data are issues to be addressed.
The article is the second part of the report "Innovation and Advanced Technologies at the 2nd Conference User Laser Scanner Leica Geosystems" published starting from issue 5 of GEOmedia 2015. We summarize, in this article, the most relevant technologies disclosed during the conference.
Simone Giannechini, Riccardo Mari, Manuela Corongiu
et al.
This paper describes the spatial data infrastructure (SDI) used by the LaMMA Consortium - Environmental Mod elling and Monitoring Laboratory for Sustainable Developm ent of Tuscany Region for sharing, viewing and cataloguing (metadata and related information) all geospatial data that are daily proc essed and used op erationally in many meteorological and environmental app lications.
The SDI was develop ed using Open Source technologies, mo reover the geospatial data has been imp lemented through protoco ls based on ogc (Open Geospatial Consortium) standards such as WMS, WFS and CSW. Geoserver was used for disseminating geospatial data and maps through OGC WMS and WFS protoco ls while GeoNetwork was used as the cataloguing and search po rtal through also the CSW protocol; eventually MapStore was used to implement the mash-up front-end.
The innovative aspect of this po rtal is the fact that it currently is ingesting, fusing and disseminating geospatial data related to the MetOcfield from various sources in near real-time in a comp rehensive manner that allows users to create add ed value visualizations for the support of operational use cases as well as to access and download underlying data (where app licable).
A recent study by the Economist shows that despite the United States and European Union they have comparable population, in U.S. population of 164 million people reside in the top 50 metropolitan areas where Europe stops at 102 million. This gap leads to surprising consequences in terms of productivity and income.
The article shows the history of the "Commander" Licinio Ferretti
and his relationship with cartography, topography photogrammetry and aeronautics. Since the birth of CGR to the first aerial co verage of Italy until partecipation with SIFET and the establishment of ASITA .