Hasil untuk "Vocational rehabilitation. Employment of people with disabilities"

Elisabeth De Schauwer, Jentel Van Havermaet, Inge G. E. Blockmans et al.

We, five co-authors of this paper, came together for a three-day collective biography workshop to reflect on moments of recognition that have impacted our lives. We told our stories from lives lived with disability; we listened to each other’s stories and wrote and read them to each other with careful attention. In the discussions that followed, both during the workshop and during the following months of finalizing this paper, we explored the ways in which disability is made to matter and how. In that process, we each moved beyond our own singularity, our own particular memories of recognition and belonging, to a new, emergent understanding of our shared materiality and response-ability.

Haitham Ibrahim Faris, Shahznan Hassan Badr, Basim Hasson Hussein

Objectives: Lower limb amputation can significantly affect levels of physical activity and ability to engage in daily sports, often affecting independence. Accordingly, this study investigates the association between physical activity and activities of daily living (ADLs) in humans with lower limb amputation, focusing on the mediating role of level of independence. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Babylon Rehabilitation Center between August and November 2024. A total of 246 samples were collected using purposive non-probability sampling. The data were collected using validated instruments: The international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), the Nottingham scale of daily activities, and the Barthel independence index. A data series, including structured interviews, was conducted and analyzed using the Pearson correlation and linear regression in the SPSS software, version 20. Results: A total of 75.6% of the members had low levels of physical activity, 68.7% had low ADLs, and 77.6% were unable to complete daily tasks. A high-quality relationship was observed between physical activity and daily life (P=0.000). Simple linear regression revealed that independence levels predicted physical activity (P=0.000) and ADLs (P=0.000). Discussion: The study highlights the importance of promoting independence as a pathway to improving physical activity levels and functional independence in ADLs.

Sarah Bérubé-Lalancette, Monica Lavoie, Annie Légaré et al.

Approximately one-third of stroke survivors live with aphasia, an acquired communication disorder that significantly impacts their ability to understand, speak, read, or write. This condition often leads to social isolation and a reduced quality of life. Financial institutions, as essential community services, present numerous communication barriers for people living with aphasia. This study aims to identify the barriers and facilitators influencing the communicative accessibility of financial institutions for people living with aphasia and to discuss solutions to optimize accessibility. A qualitative descriptive research design was employed, involving semi-structured interviews with people living with aphasia and questionnaires filled by employees from financial institutions. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key themes related to barriers and facilitators. People living with aphasia identified thirteen types of barriers and forty facilitators, related to physical environmental factors, conversational attitudes and service systems and policies. Financial institution employees highlighted the need for better training and awareness regarding aphasia. The study underscores the significant barriers people living with aphasia face in financial institutions and the potential facilitators that could enhance communicative accessibility. Implementing targeted training programs and standardizing accessibility policies are crucial steps towards improving service access for people living with aphasia.

Kerry Gibson

No abstract available.

Mustufa Haider Abidi, Hisham Alkhalefah, Arshad Noor Siddiquee

On a global scale, individuals with vision impairments encounter various limitations when it comes to moving around and finding their way independently. Their daily activities are impeded by their limited understanding of their environment while moving about both indoors and outside, where situations are constantly changing. Recent technological breakthroughs have made it possible to create several electronic devices that help visually impaired and disabled people with navigation. These devices encompass navigation systems, obstacle avoidance systems, object localization devices, and orientation assistance systems. They are designed to enhance or substitute conventional aids like guide dogs and white canes. This research work proposes a solution based on the gradient support vector boosting-based crossover golden jackal (GSB-CGJ) algorithm, which integrates various assistive technologies focused on navigation and object recognition, providing intelligent feedback to the user. The developed model focuses on guiding visually impaired individuals, preventing unwanted collisions with obstacles, and generating active feedback. The proposed method consists of three distinct phases. In the input phase, images are acquired from the Image and Video Dataset for Visually Impaired using Intel RealSense Camera. The next stage entails object recognition, which is efficiently carried out using the GSB-CGJ algorithm. The hyperparameters of the support vector machine and adaptive boosting methods are optimized using the golden jackal optimization method, enhancing object recognition ability. At the end, the output phase delivers feedback to the user. The experimental and assessment results validate that the model demonstrates high accuracy in recognizing objects and precision in localizing them. This approach effectively delivers remarkable real-time implementation capability, showcasing better adaptability and reliability while reducing execution time.

Kristin Hamre, Derek Nord

This cross-sectional study sought to examine the differences between family and professional guardians across personal and role characteristics, training received, and their inclusion of people they serve in decision making. A total of 237 subjects serving as guardian to adults in the state of Indiana completed an online survey. Results showed group differences across race, education, as well as diagnosis and age of those served. Overall, training was limited across both groups, and family guardians received significantly less training across several topics. Finally, family and professional guardians were found to significantly differ in their willingness to allow people they serve to inform and/or make decisions about spending money, working in the community, and treating a medical condition. Study implications for policy and practice are also discussed, along with recommendations about integrating values of self-determination and empowerment approaches into practice.

Shafiq ur Rehman, Aqeel Ahmed Khan, Muhammad Kamran et al.

Background: Trans-femoral amputation (TFA) is an undesirable transaction of lower limb at the femoral level necessitating the use of a prosthetic device essentially requiring prolonged rehabilitation to ensure ambulation of the patient and integration into daily routine Objectives: The objective of the study was to find the association of quality of life with body mass index in patients using trans femoral prosthesis after amputation Methodology: Current Cross-Sectional study using convenience sampling recruited N=400 trans-femoral prosthesis users from PIPOS. Sample included both genders with age range of 12-60 years, using prosthesis > 1 year while orthosis users were excluded. SF-36 Health Survey tool & Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) were utilized for collection of data & analyzed utilizing SPSS Version 21. Results: LEFS items revealed association (p<0.05) with BMI including get in & out of bath, walk from rooms to room, squatting, heavy activities, sit for 1 hour & hopping. There was association (p<0.05) between BMI and SF-36 items of emotional wellbeing, social function and pain.  General Health of the participants revealed association (p=0.000) with highest total LEFS score for those with good and very good health. While as regards individual items most items revealed (p<0.05) association with LEFS. General Health also revealed association (p<0.05) with all subsclaes of SF-36 with higher scores for those having very good health except domain of limitation because of emotional & social health. Etiology of amputation also revealed association (p<.001) with total mean LEFS score with highest score when etiology was fracture. Etiology also had association (p<0.05) with most items of LEFS & SF-36. Conclusion: BMI, General Health and Etiology have significant association with status of ambulation and social performance of Trans-femoral amputees using prosthetic devices. Key Words: Amputee, ambulation, quality of life, trans-femoral prosthesis

Mohammad Khodaverdizadeh, Nasser Mohammad Rahimi, Mahdi Esfahani

Objectives: Scapular-focused exercises are included in the rehabilitation of people with scapular dyskinesis (SD); yet, there is a noteworthy level of ambiguity concerning the comparative efficacy of different interventions in terms of their ability to enhance shoulder discomfort and function. This research analyzed the impact of a scapular-focused exercise schedule on shoulder pain and function of patients with scapular dyskinesia. Methods: PubMed, Medline (Ovid), Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Google Scholar, and Scopus databases were explored up until July 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that considered the impact of scapular-focused training therapy in people with SD. Eleven RCTs, with a combined sample size of 890 participants encountered our inclusion criteria. Results: The results demonstrated a significant reduction in shoulder pain following exercise (therapy standardized mean difference [SMD]=-0.83; 95% CI, -1.44%, -0.22%; P=0.008). Moreover, exercise therapy significantly improved shoulder function (SMD=-0.62; 95% CI, -1.08%, -0.16%; P=0.008). Nevertheless, scapular-focused exercise had no significant effect on scapula positioning at any angle (0°: Mean difference [MD]=-0.44; 95% CI, -1.43%, 0.55%; P=0.38; 45°: MD=-0.17; 95% CI, -0.72%, 0.37%; P=0.53; 90°: MD=-0.25; 95% CI, -1.06%, 0.57%; P=0.56).  Discussion: Scapular-based exercise therapies are effective approaches among patients with SD. It is necessary to conduct additional high-quality studies with longer periods to evaluate and validate the results reported in this study.

Moisés Mañas Olmo, Pablo Cortés González, Blas González Alba

Se presentan los resultados de un estudio parcial de caso único a través de la perspectiva biográfico-narrativa. Teniendo en cuenta un trabajo de campo previo más amplio, para este texto hemos realizado una entrevista semiestructurada y dos en profundidad para abordar de manera focal un caso de violación y abuso sexual a Teresa, persona diagnosticada con Discapacidad Intelectual (PCDI). De las entrevistas emergen diferentes categorías inductivas (violencia intrafamiliar –abusos sexuales, insultos, agresiones–, identidad como persona con discapacidad) que se abordan en la discusión en dos ejes interpretativos que se corresponden con dos etapas diferenciadas de la vida de la participante (la naturalización de la violencia y el inicio del cambio como forma de lucha). Como resultados más destacables encontramos hechos, en una primera etapa, que nos hablan de la repetición en el tiempo de dos tipos de abusos (físico, emocional) por parte de sus familiares, entre los que reluce la condición de discapacidad, y, una segunda etapa, presentamos su proceso de subversión personal sobre el que Teresa pudo reconducir esta situación. Como parte de las conclusiones, entendimos las medidas preventivas y de respeto a la diversidad como elementos esenciales para erradicar la violencia hacia las PCDI.

Mahmood Bahramizadeh, Hanieh Khaliliyan

Objectives: Lateral ankle sprain is one of the most common injuries to the musculoskeletal system, especially among active people. This injury causes complex complications, such as recurrent sprain because of reduced postural control. Foot orthoses are among the interventions used to improve postural control in this population. This review aims to investigate foot orthoses to improve postural control among patients with an acute or chronic lateral ankle sprain.  Methods: Four electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Sciences, and Google scholar) were searched for experimental studies. Articles were selected using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) method. The articles were reviewed for their quality based on the standards for reporting diagnostic accuracy statements and then entered into this review. Results: The search results in all databases provided a total of 48 articles. After reviewing the documents, we excluded 38 articles that did not pass the inclusion criteria, resulting in 10 remaining articles. Data extraction from population, interventions, and outcome measures was done for these 10 articles. Discussion: Foot orthoses are effective in improving the postural control of individuals with an acute or chronic lateral ankle sprain. Considering the existence of mechanical and functional instability, foot orthosis which is made to affect the proprioception and follow the biomechanics of the body seems to be the most effective in this field; however, more studies are required to confirm this

David Bradley, O. Gundogdu, O. Bunk

The articular cartilage overlying subchondral bone consists of variously oriented collagen fibres, the detailed organisation of which is essential for cartilage integrity that has suffered damage in degenerative joint disease such as osteoarthritis (OA). A technique attracting particular interest is that of coherent small-angle X-ray scattering mapping; the present investigations are supported by PILATUS, a highly pixelated two-dimensional detector system developed at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI). The system has yielded information on the anatomical features that correspond to the large-scale organisation of collagen and the mineralised phase contained within the collagen fibres in the deep cartilage zone. Results obtained from a decalcified cartilage–bone sample have been plotted in terms of the orientation of cartilage and bone components for particular intervals of k -space, showing the organisation of collagen-II within superficial layers and collagen-X in the chondrocyte-rich deeper layers of cartilage. It is apparent in undamaged cartilage that there is a gradual reorientation of the collagen-II fibres of the cartilage, from parallel to the surface of the joint, to normal to the cartilage–bone interface. A similar pattern of orientation is seen below the cement line (the surface at which cartilage anchors to the bone), for the collagen type-I prevalent in bone. Changing the interval of k -space allows subchondral features such as the microvasculature to be seen.

Sana Asgher, Shoaib Waqas, Muhammad Tariq et al.

Objective: The aim of study was to determine functional limitations in congenital talipes equinus after Achilles tendon release post 3months on Functional rating scale by Laavage and Ponesti. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted for a period of 6 months from August 2018 till January 2019 at Ghurki Trust and Teaching Hospital, Lahore in which 102 subjects were included according to inclusion criteria by convenient sampling technique. Permission from the Ethical Committee of the Lahore College of Physical Therapy and the concerned patients was obtained. Functional limitations of each patient were determined through Functional Rating Scale (FRS) by Laavage and Ponesti. FRS scale has six domains including satisfaction level, function, and pain, position of heel when standing, passive motion and gait. Results: Results have cleared that out of 51 subjects, 2 subjects have extreme functional limitations, 4 with severe functional limitations, 15 with moderate functional limitations and 30 subjects had mild functional limitations. Conclusion: Patients, who underwent bilateral circumferential Achilles tendon release, had mild functional limitations when assessed through FRS post 3 month.

Pau García-Grau, Catalina P. Morales-Murillo, Gabriel Martínez-Rico et al.

La evidencia científica en atención temprana (AT) ha demostrado que un enfoque centrado en la familia, en el aprendizaje, la funcionalidad y la participación social, tiene un impacto positivo en el niño, en el entorno y en la propia familia. Este cambio de visión, se propone como un marco de referencia en los servicios. Durante la última década, tanto en España como en otros países, los servicios están transformando sus programas hacia un enfoque centrado en la familia y en la intervención en las actividades de la vida diaria. No obstante, muchos de los principios que sustentan estas prácticas recomendadas (PR) requieren un proceso de adquisición de habilidades y competencias por parte de los profesionales y de adecuación institucional. Además, el carácter filosófico de los principios de las PR, puede generar confusión y dar pie a una implementación con escasa consistencia interna. Este artículo ofrece una aclaración conceptual útil y una síntesis para profesionales e investigadores del campo de la AT necesaria para comprender las bases y fundamentos que motivan este proceso de transformación de los servicios.

Narges Shafaroodi, Reihaneh Askary Kachoosangy, Mohammad Heidarzadeh et al.

Objectives: Premature neonates are at greater risk of developmental problems such as cerebral palsy, developmental delays, and hearing and vision problems. The challenge of healthcare professionals who support preterm neonates and their parents is not only ensuring neonates’ survival but also optimizing infant development. Interventions to reduce adverse health outcomes are very important. The present study was focused on exploring the effect of the Creating Opportunities for Parent Empowerment (COPE) schedule on the developmental outcomes of premature infants  Methods: The randomization process was done using a randomized block design, and neonates were assigned randomly to the treatment (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. Neonates in two groups were matched in gestational age, birth height, head circumference at birth, birth weight, Apgar scores (1 min, 5 min), prematurity, and new Ballard score. So, there was not a significant difference between them at the baseline. In the intervention group, the parents received a COPE schedule in a set of CD’s in conjunction with written instruction and supplemental activities (guidebook). COPE schedule was performed in 5 steps. In the control group, neonates received only routine services and interventions, and the research therapist performed no additional interventions. New Ballard examination was done in all neonates at the time of enrollment, followed by administration of Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) by an occupational therapist, who was double-blinded for the study, to any available parent (mostly mothers) at 6 months of corrected age.  Results: The results showed more maturity in “communication”, “gross motor”, “problem-solving”, and “personal-social” in the intervention group, and the observed differences between the two groups in these outcomes were statistically significant (P<0.05). Discussion: This educational-behavioral intervention program could promote mothers’ knowledge about their neonates and improve the developmental aspects of premature infants during their first months of life.

Ángel Damián Román Ortiz, Jesús Molina Saorín, Yonatan Díaz Santa María et al.

Históricamente, la terminología empleada para denominar a las personas que tienen un bajo desempeño funcional siempre ha ido acompañada de esos lenguajes de la negación que –como si de un hecho imperecedero se tratase–, relacionan persistentemente las capacidades de estas personas con su aparente incapacidad para obrar, impidiendo (para una inmensa mayoría, y desde un punto de vista jurídico) el ejercicio pleno de sus derechos. Igualmente, el transcurso conceptual que –a lo largo de la historia– ha ido persiguiendo a la figura de las personas con bajo desempeño funcional confirma ese vapuleo de constructos que –en la actualidad, y sin ningún género de dudas– conduce a la construcción de la mayoría de las situaciones de discriminación por motivo de desempeño funcional. Bajo esta óptica, la idea central de este artículo pretende conceptualizar la dignidad del ser humano desde el concepto filosófico de persona utilizado por Max Scheler (1874-1928), y abstraído de esa perspectiva biomédica de la –mal llamada– discapacidad, y siempre vinculando esa innegociable condición humana con la capacidad de amar y ser amado. Como trasfondo epistemológico, se exponen –gravitando– los fundamentos cognoscentes de la teoría de los valores y que responden a esa pregunta obligada (¿quién es la persona humana?) y cuya respuesta se acomete desde la distinción de la noción de persona y la noción de yo propuesta por este filósofo alemán.

Editorial Office

No abstract available.

Christine Fleming, Rebecca Curtis, E. Davis Martin et al.

BACKGROUND: The Individual Placement and Support (IPS) model of Supported Employment (SE) is an evidence-based practice that leads to an increase in successful employment outcomes for people with serious mental illness ( Bond, Drake, & Becker, 2008 ). The practical application and implementation of this practice, however, is limited in the Southeastern region of the United States. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the perceptions held by and practices used by mental health professionals regarding the employment of individuals with serious mental illness at two sites in Alabama. METHODS: The two sites yielded 79 participants, including clinicians and case managers, who responded to the Health Professional Perceptions of Employment Survey - Revised. Analysis of the quantitative data was completed using an independent samples t -test, Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, and Spearman rank correlation coefficient. The qualitative data was analyzed for common themes based on survey responses. RESULTS: A statistically significant relationship was identified that supports the connection between perceptions and practices of mental health professionals related to the employment of people with serious mental illness. CONCLUSIONS: Mental health professionals’ attitudes toward employment affects their consideration of employment for their clients, which will help or hinder the clients’ vocational progress and recovery.

Erma J. Lawson

Oliver Mutanga, Melanie Walker

Background: A decade has passed since South Africa signed and ratified the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, a human rights treaty that protects the rights and dignity of people with disabilities. However, not much have changed for students with disabilities. Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore lecturers’ experiences with, and perspectives on, disability as well as with students with disabilities. It was hoped that this would contribute to the ongoing policy debates about diversity, inclusion and support for students with disabilities at universities. Methods: In an effort to understand the lives of students with disabilities better, a study which included students with disabilities, lecturers and disability supporting staff was conducted at two South African universities – University of the Free State and University of Venda. The paper takes a snapshot view of four lecturers and their perceptions of the lives of students with disabilities at their respective universities. Results and Conclusion: Although most disability literature report students with disabilities blaming lecturers for their failure to advance their needs, this paper highlights that the education system needs to be supportive to lecturers for the inclusive agenda to be realised. An argument is made for a more comprehensive approach towards a national disability policy in higher education involving many stakeholders. Without a broader understanding of disability, it will be difficult to engage with the complex ways in which inequalities emerge and are sustained.

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