Hasil untuk "Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc."

S M Asif Iqbal, Hang Zhang, Lin Yang et al.

A single-step, single-material 4D printing method is developed for programmable structures featuring spatially patterned strain trapping for one-way actuation. This approach enables fabrication on desktop fused filament fabrication 3D printers through a recently developed shape-memory strain programming method, Programming via Printing (PvP), which eliminates the need for secondary post-fabrication programming. Large (up to 50%) and spatially controlled trapped tensile strain programming is achieved by PvP model design, geometric coding, and printing parameter optimization. While contraction naturally arises from printing-induced trapped strain, expansion is introduced via architected lattice designs with patterned strain-enabling a full range of deformation modes. These capabilities, validated at the unit-cell level, are further integrated into larger proof-of-concept structures to demonstrate scalability and practical implementation. This strategy provides an accessible, low-cost, and easily adoptable additive manufacturing approach for diverse functional-material applications.

Guilherme Henrique Franca Melo, Tiffany Yau, Yuxin Liu et al.

Advanced materials including metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a critical piece of the puzzle in the search for solutions to various scientific and technological challenges, such as climate change due to the ever-increasing emissions of greenhouse gas. There is intense interest in MOFs due to their potential use for a variety of environmental applications, including catalysis and gas storage. In this work, we specifically focus on the in situ growth of zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) on poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) fibers and its potential application in CO₂ adsorption. Nanofibers were spun from a solution containing PAN and cobalt (II) nitrate hexahydrate using electrospinning. Then, the fibers were immersed in solution with 2-methylimidazole for different time durations. Via the diffusion of the cobalt ions through the fibers and interaction with the ligands in the solution, ZIF-67 was formed. From analysis via SEM, FTIR, PXRD, and CO₂ adsorption, it is evident that varying different parameters—the type of solvent, immersion time, and ligand concentration—affected the morphology of the formed ZIF-67. It was found that immersion for 4 h in 6.0 mg/mL of ligands in methanol created the ZIF-67@PAN best suited for CO₂ adsorption, showing a CO₂ uptake of 0.4 mmol/g at 1.2 bar and 273 K.

Joyjit Ghosh, Md. Reazuddin Repon, Arnob Dhar Pranta et al.

The healthcare industry can greatly benefit from natural colorants as bioactive component integrated textiles. These textiles are perfect for use in healthcare because they are biocompatible, have antimicrobial characteristics and are sustainable. It is an exciting new development that might replace harmful synthetic dyes with safer and more practical options for healthcare textiles. The use of bio-colorants in textiles makes them both biocompatible and antimicrobial. By facilitating quicker healing and warding off infections, these textiles further add to improved healthcare outcomes. It also helps fund research into smart clothes that can track vital signs to better care for patients. Incorporating bio-colorants into textiles is the focus of this review paper which will also examine different sources of bio-colorants and fabrication methods. In addition, the review work will discuss obstacles and future possibilities for bio-colorant technology advancement in the healthcare and textile sectors. Developing smart textiles that monitor health parameters, improving wound dressings with biocompatible and healing properties and creating antimicrobial fabrics for surgical garments and hospital linens are all potential uses for bio-colorant integrated textiles. Patients can wear these textiles to protect themselves from harmful ultraviolet rays and these materials could also find use in environmentally friendly medical supplies.

Travis A. Roberts, Sourabh Karmakar, Cameron J. Turner

Additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, is a complex process that creates free-form geometric objects by sequentially placing material to construct an object, usually in a layer-by-layer process. One of the most widely used methods is Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). FDM is used in many of the consumer-grade polymer 3D printers available today. While consumer grade machines are cheap and plentiful, they lack many of the features desired in a machine used for research purposes and are often closed-source platforms. Commercial-grade models are more expensive and are also usually closed-source platforms that do not offer flexibility for modifications often needed for research. The authors designed and fabricated a machine to be used as a test bed for research in the field of polymer FDM processes. The goal was to create a platform that tightly controls and/or monitors the FDM build parameters so that experiments can be repeated with a known accuracy. The platform offers closed loop position feedback, control of the hot end and bed temperature, and monitoring of environment temperature and humidity. Additionally, the platform is equipped with cameras and a mechanism for in-situ photogrammetry, creating a geometric record of the printing throughout the printing process. Through photogrammetry, backtracking and linking process parameters to observable geometric defects can be achieved. This paper focuses on the design of a novel mechanism for spinning the heated bed to allow for photogrammetric reconstruction of the printed part using a minimal number of cameras, as implemented on this platform.

Sabarinathan Palaniyappan, Narain Kumar Sivakumar, Ahmed S. Dalaq

Peanut hulls, also known as Arachis hypogaea L. particles (AHL), are an abundant biomass source with a long shelf life. In this study, we incorporate peanut hull powder into PLA polymer, imparting recyclability, biodegradability, and biocompatibility, along with the antimicrobial properties of AHL particles. In particular, we treat AHL particles as a reinforcement for PLA polymer to produce 3D printing filament compatible with the fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing method. We provide a step-by-step method for preparing AHL particles, incorporating them into PLA, and ultimately forming high-quality filaments. We assess the quality of the filaments in terms of extruded dimensions, mechanical strength, and elastic modulus, along with physical properties such as porosity and melt flow index. We evaluate the printability and wettability of the filaments as well. Notably, and unlike other biomass-based reinforcements in PLA, AHL preserves the filament's strength and enhances its elastic modulus. 3D-printed components fabricated using our PLA-AHL filaments successfully retain their antimicrobial properties and exhibit increased overall hardness. However, this comes at the expense of forming more microvoids and a rougher surface, making the material more prone to fracture and leading to a slight reduction in fracture toughness with increasing AHL mass fraction.

Po-Han Huang, Shiqian Chen, Oliver Hartwig et al.

Hierarchical structures are abundant in nature, such as in the superhydrophobic surfaces of lotus leaves and the structural coloration of butterfly wings. They consist of ordered features across multiple size scales, and their unique properties have attracted enormous interest in wide-ranging fields, including energy storage, nanofluidics, and nanophotonics. Femtosecond lasers, capable of inducing various material modifications, have shown promise for manufacturing tailored hierarchical structures. However, existing methods such as multiphoton lithography and 3D printing using nanoparticle-filled inks typically involve polymers and suffer from high process complexity. Here, we demonstrate 3D printing of hierarchical structures in inorganic silicon-rich glass featuring self-forming nanogratings. This approach takes advantage of our finding that femtosecond laser pulses can induce simultaneous multiphoton crosslinking and self-formation of nanogratings in hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ). The 3D printing process combines the 3D patterning capability of multiphoton lithography and the efficient generation of periodic structures by the self-formation of nanogratings. We 3D-printed micro-supercapacitors with large surface areas and a remarkable areal capacitance of 1 mF/cm^2 at an ultrahigh scan rate of 50 V/s, thereby demonstrating the utility of our 3D printing approach for device applications in emerging fields such as energy storage.

Brett Emery, Kelsey L. Snapp, Daniel Revier et al.

Foams are versatile by nature and ubiquitous in a wide range of applications, including padding, insulation, and acoustic dampening. Previous work established that foams 3D printed via Viscous Thread Printing (VTP) can in principle combine the flexibility of 3D printing with the mechanical properties of conventional foams. However, the generality of prior work is limited due to the lack of predictable process-property relationships. In this work, we utilize a self-driving lab that combines automated experimentation with machine learning to identify a processing subspace in which dimensionally consistent materials are produced using VTP with spatially programmable mechanical properties. In carrying out this process, we discover an underlying self-stabilizing characteristic of VTP layer thickness, an important feature for its extension to new materials and systems. Several complex exemplars are constructed to illustrate the newly enabled capabilities of foams produced via VTP, including 1D gradient rectangular slabs, 2D localized stiffness zones on an insole orthotic and living hinges, and programmed 3D deformation via a cable driven humanoid hand. Predictive mapping models are developed and validated for both thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and polylactic acid (PLA) filaments, suggesting the ability to train a model for any material suitable for material extrusion (ME) 3D printing.

Mohammad Toufiqul Hoque, Kristina Klinkhammer, Boris Mahltig

Polyester is the leading man-made fiber in the field of textiles and clothing. Polyester is usually dyed and finished using a process temperature in the range of 120 to 135 ºC. Such a process is known as a high-temperature (HT) process. The application of chitosan on cellulosic materials is an interesting approach to textile functionalization. In contrast, the application of chitosan by the HT process for the functional treatment of polyester is less investigated. With this background, the present study is related to the surface characteristics of different polyester fabrics with implemented chitosan after performing the HT process.

Jing Ye, Ting-Yu Chen

Cotton fabric selection is a challenging task in the garment product design and development process, and the selection of optimal alternative under the presence of multiple decision criteria becomes complex, and hence it is considered as a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. In addition, the selection process involves fuzziness and uncertainty. In this study, Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFSs) are introduced to handle uncertain information. Elimination and choice translating reality (ELECTRE) is a well-known outranking method for solving MCDM problems. Therefore, we extend the ELECTRE method under the PFS environment, and a correlation-based closeness coefficient is proposed to compare Pythagorean fuzzy numbers (PFNs). This paper applies the proposed PF-ELECTRE approach in solving a practical case involving the ranking cotton fabrics. To exhibit the superiority and robustness of the suggested method, sensitivity analysis is performed to examine the impacts of weights variation, as well as a comparative analysis is carried out between the PF-ELECTRE with several existing MCDM methods. The research contributes to the advancement and development of outranking MCDM methods through a novel PF-ELECTRE approach that utilizes the weighted correlation coefficient. Moreover, the developed method can obtain reliable results and can be used to other textile domains.

Qing Chen, Dahua Shou, Chao Sun et al.

Spacer fabric is often used in cushions, footwear, filter material, and other products because of its high air permeability and three-dimensional (3D) structure. However, for practical applications, it is typically combined with other materials. We investigated the thermal properties and water vapor permeability of assembly-combined thicker spacer (16 mm) and various cotton nonwoven fabrics. The assembly-combined lightest nonwoven (30 g/m2) and spacer fabric exhibited the highest thermal resistance, increasing by 66.62% compared with the bare spacer fabric; however, no significant difference was observed when combined with the heaviest woven fabric (60 g/m2). Furthermore, the fabric arrangement during assembly could affect the heat and moisture-transfer efficiencies. The assembly-combined lightest nonwoven (30 g/m2) and spacer fabric under the upward test condition exhibited the highest thermal resistance, highest Clo, lowest heat transfer coefficient, highest insulation ratio, and lowest evaporation resistance among all assemblies. Higher thermal resistance and lower evaporative resistance could benefit physiological comfort. However, the assembly-combined heaviest nonwoven and spacer fabric under the downward test condition exhibited similar thermal resistance to the spacer fabric and the highest evaporation resistance. The asymmetric heat- and moisture-transfer properties of a porous assembly can contribute toward developing new materials for applications in other engineering fields.

Shuai Li

4D printed products can change shape under external stimulation, and the deformation design of material and structure is directly built into the material, which simplifies the manufacturing process from design concept to physical object and allows the object to be automatically assembled and conformed, realizing the integration of product design, manufacturing, and assembly. In recent years, 4D printing technology has also received widespread attention in the smart textile industry. This paper aims to promote the diversified and efficient development of the smart textile industry and expand the scope of the application of additive manufacturing technology. First, the evolution of 4D printing and its intrinsic relationship with 3D printing are examined. Then, the types of 4D printing smart textile technologies and their characteristics are presented, and the influence of relevant parameters of each type of technology on the molding quality, deformation mechanism, and driving performance of printed models is discussed. Materials for 4D printing of smart textiles are further described, including shape memory materials, hydrogels, and elastic liquid crystals. To adapt to the specific properties of textile applications, 4D printing technology has developed from the structural level of textiles to create smart textiles with adjustable shapes, properties, or functions. Then, the applications of 4D printed smart textiles in different fields are summarized. Finally, some problems currently faced by 4D printed smart textiles are discussed, and their prospects are projected.

Shahid Adeel, Mahwish Salman, Muhammad Usama et al.

The application of natural dye in the textile industry is gaining popularity because of the increasing awareness of environmental effects, the ecological effects, and the pollution caused by synthetic dyes. Rose flowers, which are one of the best sources of natural dye, have been selected for fabric dyeing due to the presence of anthocyanin pigment. Dyeing of wool is done at optimal conditions such as pH, temperature, time, and salt. It is found that at different percentages (1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%) chemical and bio mordants mediums gave a variety of shades of good color and better fastness properties onto natural fabrics. By using different chemical and bio mordants and their combinations to analyze the color strength and fastness properties could be enhanced. Bio-mordants gave shades with good color strength and acceptable for the universe. The plant extract has therapeutic values like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activity against some gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic bacteria.

Chun-Wei Chang, Feng-Cheng Chang

Bamboo fiber-reinforced polymers have been widely studied as natural fiber composites. This study fabricated a continuous bamboo-textile-reinforced polymer (BTRP) composite by using woven bamboo strips and epoxy through vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VA-RTM). The physical properties, including bulk density and equilibrium moisture content, of various BTRP specimens with different textile architectures, stacking sequences, loading axes, and numbers of layers were preliminarily evaluated. The specimens’ flexural properties, including strength, modulus, integral load – deflection relationship, damage parameters, and fractography characteristics, were also examined. As the number of layers increased, the flexural strength decreased but modulus values increased. When the number of layers was constant, the plain-woven BTRP specimens had slightly higher strength and modulus values than did the twill-woven specimens. The BTRP specimens exhibited remarkable mechanical properties and staged failure behaviors unique to laminated materials. Moreover, the stiffness of the specimens was attenuated before reaching the ultimate load, which was attributed to microscopic interphase damage, and the various architectures affected the specimens’ fracture modes. The gradual multistage failure modes of the specimens imply that the fabricated composite is relatively safe for use. According to these results, the fabricated composite incorporates the advantages of VA-RTM and continuous nontwisted bamboo strips, indicating that it has substantial commercial potential.

Faisal Aboelkasim Allafi, Md Sohrab Hossain, Marwan Shaah et al.

There is increasing concern regarding the methods for sheep wool processing currently used in the textile industry owing to the enormous volume of toxic effluents generated. A large portion of these effluents comprises toxic volatile organic compounds necessary for the water-based cleaning of sheep wool. Various methods have been proposed for wool fiber cleaning: carbonization, solvent bleaching, and ultrasound, traditional washing using various detergents in steam or hot water, and electrical discharge cleaning, and there are several methods to remove impurities (suint, wool grease, and vegetable matter). However, these methods raise concerns because they adversely affect the mechanical and chemical properties of wool fiber and consume large quantities of chemicals and freshwater. Environmental conservation is a key element influencing accelerated industrial growth. Environmental awareness has prompted extensive research in the field of wool cleaning to identify environment-friendly solutions that involve low energy consumption, eco-friendly chemicals, and reduced waste and emissions. Eco-friendly methods should be developed to replace the traditional washing methods used to clean sheep wool fibers.

Chunjian Shen, Zengwei Zhu, Di Zhu et al.

Additive manufacturing can realize almost any designed geometry, enabling the fabrication of innovative products for advanced applications. Local electrochemical plating is a powerful approach for additive manufacturing of metal microstructures; however, previously reported data have been mostly obtained with copper, and only a few cases have been reported with other elements. In this study, we assessed the ability of fluidic force microscopy (FluidFM) to produce Ni-Mn and Ni-Co alloy structures. Once the optimal deposition potential window was determined, pillars with relatively smooth surfaces were obtained. The printing process was characterized by printing rates in the range of 50-60 nm/s. Cross-sections exposed by focused ion beam showed highly dense microstructures, while the corresponding face scan with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) spectra revealed a uniform distribution of alloy components.

Julian Schwierzy, Robert Dehghan, Sebastian Schmidt et al.

The diffusion of new technologies is crucial for the realization of social and economic returns to innovation. Tracking and mapping technology diffusion is, however, typically limited by the extent to which we can observe technology adoption. This study uses website texts to train a multilingual language model ensemble to map technology diffusion for the case of 3D printing. The study identifies relevant actors and their roles in the diffusion process. The results show that besides manufacturers, service provider, retailers, and information providers play an important role. The geographic distribution of adoption intensity suggests that regional 3D-printing intensity is driven by experienced lead users and the presence of technical universities. The overall adoption intensity varies by sector and firm size. These patterns indicate that the approach of using webAI provides a useful and novel tool for technology mapping which adds to existing measures based on patents or survey data.

Edison Omollo Oduor, Lucy Ciera, Vijay Adolkar et al.

Eri silk produced in Kenya was characterized for sericin content, moisture content, surface morphology, thermal properties, functional groups, crystallinity, and single fiber tensile strength. It was found that Kenyan Eri silk possesses comparable physical properties to those of commercial silk producing countries. At a degummed tensile strength of 6.81cN, Kenyan Eri silk had comparable strength despite having low crystallinity (29.2%). This is an indication that on optimizing rearing procedures and practices of Eri silkworms to certain regions of Kenyan environment, better quality silk fibers can be produced that are competitive in the world market.

P. Manimaran, K. Solai Senthil Kumar, M. Prithiviraj

The production of materials using synthetic fibers is a strong contributor to carbon emissions and waste. Because of growing environmental consciousness, natural fibers act as a substitute for synthetic fibers due to their renewable, eco-friendly and bio-degradable nature. Natural cellulose fibers are newly identified from the sources of Albizia Lebbeck fibers (ALF). This study is intended to understand the characteristics of ALF extracted from the bark of the Albizia Lebbeck and its physicochemical properties. The structure of the fibers was analyzed by FT-IR and X-ray diffraction. Cellulose content (72.59 wt.%), density (905 kg/m3), and crystallinity index (52.99%) properties were identified in the AL fibers, and thermal studies using Thermo Gravimetric Analysis and Derivative Thermo Gravimetric analysis revealed that the maximum degradation temperature is 353.37°C with kinetic activation energy of 89 kJ/mol. From the results, it is concluded that the properties of ALFs guaranteed that it could be an alternative material as new reinforcement as green composites in the manufacturing and automobile industries.