Hasil untuk "Religions. Mythology. Rationalism"

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DOAJ Open Access 2026
Recent Advances and Persisting Gaps in the Study of Khotanese Painting

Ciro Lo Muzio

This paper provides a concise overview of the current state of research on Khotanese painting. Early documentation from the first archaeological expeditions in the early twentieth century, together with Joanna Williams’ seminal study of 1973, laid the foundations for the discipline. In recent decades, however, both renewed scholarly attention and archaeological investigations conducted in China have substantially expanded our knowledge of Khotanese pictorial traditions. These studies have refined our understanding of iconography, stylistic development, and thematic repertoire, while also offering new perspectives on the sources and dissemination of local artistic forms. This contribution will also consider the persistent uncertainties surrounding the chronological framework—a common challenge in the study of the region’s artistic production, particularly evident in the case of Khotan. Such problems arise from the uneven and often unsystematic nature of the documentation produced since the late nineteenth century, compounded by the fragmentary state of preservation of the material and its dispersal across multiple museum collections worldwide. These circumstances continue to pose significant challenges to the reconstruction and interpretation of Khotanese painting within its broader historical and cultural context.

Religions. Mythology. Rationalism
DOAJ Open Access 2026
Rearticulating Dharma: Just Sustainabilities and the Bees Quarter in Amish Tripathi’s <i>Ram Chandra Series</i>

Dongwon Lee

The Bees Quarter episode in Amish Tripathi’s <i>Ram Chandra Series</i> rearticulates dharma by relocating it from a transcendent cosmic mandate to a framework enacted through spatial and procedural ethics. Traditionally understood as a sustaining principle of moral and social order, dharma in Tripathi’s narrative is reconfigured through the spatial reorganization of Mithila, where environmental vulnerability and infrastructural design shape the conditions of ethical governance. Interpreting this transformation through the framework of just sustainabilities, the article argues that the episode reconfigures dharma not as a transcendent principle but as a practice grounded in resource equity, institutional responsibility, and the consistent application of law. The crisis surrounding the Battle of the Bees Quarter and Ram’s subsequent self-exile further dramatizes a dharmic dilemma between sovereign authority and procedural justice, foregrounding tensions between power and legitimacy. Read through this lens, Tripathi’s retelling situates dharma within contemporary debates on sustainability and justice, reframing it as a normative response to ecological precarity and institutional fragility.

Religions. Mythology. Rationalism
DOAJ Open Access 2025
Eschatology in Preaching on the Eve of the French Wars of Religion: The Case of François Le Picart

Xuan Hu

This article examines the eschatological dimension of the sermons of François Le Picart (1504–1556), a prominent Parisian preacher and a precursor who established the codes that enabled the gradual maturation of a theophanic tension of violence in which human beings were destined to become its instruments. Through a close reading of his sermon collections, this study analyzes how Le Picart interwove Pauline soteriology, divine love, repentance, and apocalyptic imagery to construct a moral and affective pedagogy. His eschatological language—linking love with fear and salvation with punishment—transformed anxiety about the end times into a form of spiritual yet emotional collective mobilization. By associating divine justice with anti-heretical rhetoric, Le Picart’s preaching turned theology into an instrument for defending both faith and social order. This article situates his sermons within the broader Catholic renewal of sixteenth-century France, highlighting the imagery and rhetoric of eschatology as key components of early modern anti-Protestant propaganda prior to the religious wars.

Religions. Mythology. Rationalism
DOAJ Open Access 2025
Spotkanie Société d’études syriaques (Paryż, 20-21.11.2025)

Jan Witold Żelazny

W dniach 20-21 listopada odbyło się cykliczne spotkanie badaczy spuścizny aramejskiej w Paryżu organizowane przez Societe des Etudes syriques. Było poświęcone Bibliotekom Syryjskim

Early Christian literature. Fathers of the Church, etc., Philosophy of religion. Psychology of religion. Religion in relation to other subjects
DOAJ Open Access 2025
Altruistic Atheists

Phil Zuckerman, Sophie Myers

How and why do individuals who do not believe in God, and were raised by nonbelieving parents, and grew up in majority nonbelieving societies engage in prosocial, altruistic behavior? Based on in-depth interviews with seventeen individuals who engage in such endeavors and are 1) atheistic in orientation, 2) were raised by people who did not believe in God, and 3) live in a society where the majority of people lack a belief in God (Estonia), this qualitative analysis explores the motivations, values, reflections, and experiences of thoroughly secular, godless people who engage in voluntary activities that help other sentient beings, alleviate their suffering, or increase their well-being. These non-believers do not draw from religion in any sense as they engage in altruistic activities; most have a difficult time articulating their values, as they are taken for granted and seldom if ever need to be explained or justified; all find their altruistic activities rewarding.

Religions. Mythology. Rationalism
DOAJ Open Access 2025
Romans 1:24–28 and Same-Sex Practice: Some Exegetical Remarks

Marius Nel

Few things can potentially divide (and are dividing) Christians like the LGBTIQ+ issue. Conservative churches argue that sexuality forms an integral part of the human being and, hence, that sexual sin falls in a category of its own in any catalogue of sins. It is sin committed in the human body that radically affects one’s participation in Christ’s earthly body. To act on the realisation of same-sex lust is in itself sinful. Same-sex practices are viewed as sexual sin and all practitioners are condemned. On the other hand, there are Christians who accept that a homosexual orientation can be a biological given that needs to be accepted but that God views homosexual practice as an evil that should be avoided at all costs. Then there are also Christians who accept that a homosexual orientation is integral to some people’s humanity and accept same-sex behaviour as a regular expression of sexuality. Romans 1 plays a key role in the church’s discussion of the issue. The article reconsiders the textual evidence, using an exegetical model based on the historical–critical method combined with biblical theology. The conclusion is that Romans 1:24–29 refers to same-sex behaviour within the context of the Gentile world of idolatry that engages in wilful transgression of God’s bounds, resulting in degeneration in the lives of offenders.

Religions. Mythology. Rationalism
DOAJ Open Access 2024
Gazilere Manevi Bakım Uygulamaları ve Psikolojik Sağlık

Öznur Özdoğan, Muhammed Tosun

Kahramanlık ve vatan savunmasıyla ilişkilendirilmesi nedeniyle askeri bir ünvan olan gaziliğe, manevi bir anlam atfedilmektedir. Gazilerin savaşın/terör olaylarının getirdiği zorlu deneyimlerle başa çıkabilmeleri ve hayata uyumlarını sürdürebilmeleri için manevi ihtiyaçlarının bilinmesi ve karşılanması oldukça önemlidir. Bilimsel çalışmalar gazilerin manevi ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması için yapılan çalışmaların süreçteki zorlukların aşılmasını kolaylaştırdığını göstermektedir. Bu araştırmada askerlik görevi sırasında gazi olan bireylere Değer Odaklı Manevi Güçlenme ve Bakım Programı (DOMAB) uygulanmış, programın gazilerin Yaradan algısı ve psikolojik sağlıkları üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Keşifsel ve deneysel desende hazırlanan araştırmaya toplamda 64 gazi katılmıştır. Bunların 32'si deney grubuna, 32'si ise kontrol grubuna dahil edilmiştir. Tema odaklı grup toplantılarıyla gerçekleştirilen manevi bakım oturumlarında Özdoğan (2019) tarafından geliştirilen DOMAB programında yer alan değerlerden azim, özveri, denge, özgürlük, irade, özgüven, olumlu bakış açısı ve barış sevgi, takva, dua, sabır, adalet, şükür ve insan kutsal kitap ilişkisi temaları ele alınmıştır. Uygulamada ön test-son test kontrol gruplu model yöntemi esas alınmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak Güler (2007) tarafından geliştirilen Tanrı Algısı Ölçeği ve Derogatis (1992) tarafından geliştirilen, Şahin ve Durak (1994) tarafından Türkiye uyarlaması, güvenirlik ve geçerlik çalışmaları yapılan Kısa Semptom Envanteri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, uygulamanın gazilerin Tanrı algısı ve psikolojik sağlık puanlarını farklılaştırdığını göstermektedir. Buna göre araştırmanın temel hipotezi olarak belirlenen “Değer Odaklı Manevi Güçlenme ve Bakım Programı kapsamında gerçekleştirilen manevi bakım uygulamaları ile gazilerin Tanrı algısı puanları ve psikolojik sağlık düzeyi puanları farklılaşacaktır” tezi desteklenmiştir. Bulguların analizi sonucunda: (a) Tanrı algısı puanları, deney grubu gazilerinin lehine olacak şekilde farklılaşmıştır. Deney grubu katılımcılarının sevgi yönelimli Tanrı algısı son test puanlarında, ön test puanlarına göre artış görülürken, korku yönelimli Tanrı algısı son test puanlarında ise ön test puanlarına göre düşüş yaşanmıştır. Ayrıca, deney grubu katılımcılarına yapılan üç ay sonraki izleme testi sonuçları, manevi bakımın etkilerinin sürdüğünü ve uygulamanın korku yönelimli Tanrı algısı puanları üzerindeki etkisini koruduğunu göstermiştir. (b) psikolojik sağlık puanlarını deney grubu gazilerinin lehine olacak şekilde farklılaştırmıştır. Deney grubu katılımcılarının Kısa Semptom Envanteri son test puanlarında, ön test puanlarına göre düşüş olduğu görülmüştür. Bu uygulama sonucunda, katılımcıların anksiyete, depresyon, olumsuz benlik ve hostilite boyutlarında iyileşme yaşadığı açıkça görülmektedir. Üç ay sonra gerçekleştirilen izleme testi sonuçları, deney grubu katılımcılarında bu etkinin sürdüğünü ve katılımcıların Kısa Semptom Envanteri somatizasyon ve hostilite (öfke/düşmanlık) boyutlarında tespit edilen iyileşmenin devam ettiğini göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte, kontrol grubunun aynı ölçeklerin son testinden aldıkları puanlarda herhangi bir iyileşme gözlenmemiştir. Bu nedenle, gazilerin Tanrı Algısı Ölçeği ve Kısa Semptom Envanteri puanlarına bakılarak uygulanan programın gazilerin Tanrı algısı ve psikolojik sağlıkları üzerinde olumlu etkisinin olduğu ifade edilebilir.

Islam, Religion (General)
DOAJ Open Access 2022
Between Religion and Psychotherapy: Responses to Violence in a Secular Age

Damian Barnat

The aim of my article is to present and critique two different approaches to the problem of violence. On the one hand, I will discuss the religious standpoint present in the deliberations of the Canadian philosopher Charles Taylor. On the other hand, I will examine the secular concept of ethically-oriented psychoanalysis by the American psychiatrist, Robert Drozek. Both thinkers, as I will show, take an exclusivist position towards the question of the moral transformation of human beings. According to Taylor, only a religious perspective, based on the recognition of a transcendent good, is capable of liberating man from the drive towards violence. In his opinion, the secular approach represented by various forms of psychotherapy is insufficient in this respect, because it eschews moral–spiritual language. Drozek, on the other hand, believes that it is psychoanalysis and not religion that can be healing for us. In this paper I will argue for an inclusive position, according to which both religion and ethically-oriented psychoanalysis have transformative potential. I will try to show that the exclusivism of Taylor and Drozek is not tenable, and that the religious and secular perspectives they represent need not be seen as being in opposition to each other.

Religions. Mythology. Rationalism
DOAJ Open Access 2019
رهیافت زبان‌ شناسانه در تحلیل معنای هفت آسمان

نهله غروی, سید تقی آل محمد, محسن فریادرس et al.

چگونگی و سیر تکوّن جهان، از جمله مباحث میان­رشته­ای است که از دیرباز محل بحث و کنکاش از سوی دانشمندان علوم تجربی و علمای دین بوده است. پژوهش حاضر با روش کتابخانه­ای در گردآوری مطالب و شیوه اسنادی در نقل دیدگاه­ها و روش تحلیل کیفی و توصیفی محتوا در ارزیابی داده­ها به بررسی و تحلیل دیدگاه­های مختلف پیرامون این مسئله با رویکرد زبان‌شناسانه پرداخته و به این نتیجه رسیده که با توجه به ذووجوه و ذوبطون بودن قرآن ­کریم، می­توان دیدگاه­های معتبرِ مطرح شده درباره این مسئله را داخل در ابعاد زبان قرآنی رده­بندی نمود؛ به طوری‎که نگرش­های متقدمان آیات مورد بحث، بیشتر ناظر بر زبان «عرف عام» قرآن بوده و در مقابل، دیدگاه­های مفسران معاصر بیشتر برگرفته از زبان «باطنی­ علمی» و زبان «عرف خاص» قرآن است که بیشتر در تفاسیر علمی و قرآن به قرآن، نمود پیدا کرده است. درنهایت، نگارنده با تکیه بر زبان باطنی علمی قرآن و با استناد به قرائن درونی و بیرونی، هفت آسمان در آیه 11 سوره فصلت را ناظر بر طبقات جو دانسته است.

Philosophy of religion. Psychology of religion. Religion in relation to other subjects
DOAJ Open Access 2014
THEISTIC EVOLUTION IN THE POSTGENOMIC ERA

How to reconcile the theory of evolution with existing religious beliefs has occupied minds since Darwin's time. The majority of the discourse on the subject is still focused on the Darwinian version of evolutionary theory, or at best, the mid‐twentieth century version of the Modern Synthesis. However, evolutionary thought has moved forward since then with the insights provided by the advent of comparative genomics in recent decades having a particularly significant impact. A theology that successfully incorporates evolutionary biology needs to take such developments into account, because range of truly viable options among the many versions of theistic evolution that have been proposed in the past may narrow down when this is done. Here I present these previously underappreciated strains of contemporary evolutionary thought and discuss their potential theological impact.

Science, Religions. Mythology. Rationalism
DOAJ Open Access 2013
Is the Kingdom of Heaven the Church of Jesus Christ?

Andrzej Napiórkowski

Zamierzeniem niniejszego artykułu jest pogłębienie rozumienia Kościoła, po­przez wykazanie podobieństw i różnic między królestwem Bożym a Kościołem, tym bardziej że jeszcze do niedawna eklezjologia katolicka utożsamiała wręcz te pojęcia. Myśl patrystyczna, zarówno grecka jak i łacińska, łączyła niekiedy te rzeczywistości, opisując Kościół jako część Królestwa Bożego. U większości Ojców Kościoła odnajdujemy z łatwością takie teksty, potwierdzające nie tylko istnienie wielu elementów wspólnych dla tych dwóch rzeczywistości, lecz nawet ich identyfikację. Wydaje się jednak, iż eklezjologia Ojców Wschodu (Atanazy, Grzegorz z Nyssy, Grzegorz z Nazjanzu, Cyryl Aleksandryjski), mocno oparta na teologii Pawła Apostoła, dla którego Kościół to mistyczne Ciało Chrystusa (por. Rz 12, 4-5; 1Kor 12, 12-31), osiągnęła większą głębię chrystologiczną. I dlate­go w dziełach Ojców greckich nie dochodzi do utożsamiania Królestwa Bożego i Kościoła Jezusa Chrystusa, większość z nich natomiast przeprowadza dość czytelną linię podziału między tymi dwoma rzeczywistościami. Dopiero jednak Sobór Watykański II i teologia posoborowa dokonały poważnego rozróżnienia między tymi dwiema wielkościami, pogłębiając tym samym rozumienie istoty i misji Kościoła.

Early Christian literature. Fathers of the Church, etc., Philosophy of religion. Psychology of religion. Religion in relation to other subjects

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