Hasil untuk "Religion (General)"

Xinyu H. Zhang

How to contain, to simultaneously host and hold (con-tinere) two thinkers––two irreducible figures of thought––with their two unexchangeable physical bodies? What will emerge out of it, and what will have already emerged out of it, by virtue of this sheer juxtaposition of the two, a parataxis itself initiated by a certain historical contingency, namely their contemporality or contemporariness, their having-found-themselves-together as mortal beings within discretely concrete time and space that is nevertheless structurally, experientially, and therefore differently shared, in which their paths overlay, intersect, reflect, emulate, traverse, subtend each other, sometimes confessedly so, yet more often unacknowledged: The “Long Twentieth Century,” the longue durée of colonialism, capitalism, and geopolitics; Algeria, Martinique, France, a concurrent Africa(n past) of which they were both dispossessed; an ever-globalizing earth, an unprecedentedly planetarized world? But, moreover, how do we think their contemporaneity––biographical, factual––when each of them is so remarkably a thinker of dis-continuity and dis-location, of anachrony and dis-placement, of the impossibility as well as undesirability of “identity,” of being self-identical?

Julián Ramiro Numpaque García

N/A

Luca Fiorito

This note reproduces a brief article by Thomas Nixon Carver, a leading Progressive Era American economist on what was then called the ‘Negro Question’. This virtually unknown piece represents a striking instance of blaming the victim for her/his condition which is to be found in the economic literature of the period.

José Luis González Rojo

En la Edad Media, el estudio de la filosofía se restringía a las artes liberales, especialmente la dialéctica, y los temas teológicos se apoyaban en una filosofía cristiana, pero con fondo platónico gracias a pensadores como Agustín de Hipona o Anselmo de Aosta. Sin embargo, con la recepción del aristotelismo se inaugura una etapa de intensa discusión en torno a la nueva filosofía introducida por las traducciones de textos greco-árabes y judíos. En estas páginas revisamos ese proceso en lo que se refiere a la metafísica aristotélica, y nos centramos en la figura de Alberto Magno, a quien se suele dejar de lado ante la fama que adquirió su notable alumno, Tomás de Aquino. Estudiando distintas fuentes pretendemos responder a las preguntas: ¿Cuál fue el aporte de Alberto Magno para la aceptación de la metafísica aristotélica como ciencia? ¿En qué medida la síntesis del Doctor Universal hizo posible su vinculación con la teología? ¿Qué lugar le concede Alberto, respecto de los demás saberes, a la ciencia metafísica una vez precisado su objeto? Sostenemos, pues, que la lectura albertina de la metafísica aristotélica, que la presenta como ciencia y sabiduría, hizo posible su aceptación como un saber digno de estudio.

Hugo Filgueiras de Araújo

Editorial da Argumentos: Revista de Filosofia (n. 30)

R. Braunstein

A growing body of evidence suggests that the rise in religious disaffiliation can be partly attributed to a political backlash against the Religious Right. Yet the concept of “political backlash” remains undertheorized, limiting our ability to evaluate how backlash against the Religious Right has impacted the religious field as a whole. This article develops a general account of how political backlash against a radical actor can impact participants within a given field, distinguishing between broad backlash, narrow backlash, and counter backlash. It then applies this framework to the case of the religious field. An analysis of available evidence suggests that backlash against the Religious Right has had ripple effects beyond the rise of the “nones,” including a rise in “spiritual” identification, positive attention to the “Religious Left,” depoliticization of liberal religion, and purification and radicalization within the Religious Right itself. This article encourages religion scholars to connect dots between trends that have not been understood as related, and deepens our understanding of the relational nature of religious change. More generally, it offers a framework for understanding how backlash against radical actors can shape entire fields.

Eska Nia Sarinastiti, Uljanatunnisa Uljanatunnisa

Purpose: This research is expected to be able to identify and analyze the strengthening of e-branding strategies of Sharia Hotels in the Indonesian hotel industry. Research methods: This study uses qualitative research with data collection techniques through semi-structured interviews, observation, and documentation. Results and discussions: The results of the research show, firstly, hotel with Islamic nuances according to the MUI Sharia Hotels including Hilal 2 which is a management and operational manner have rigid rules that must comply with Islamic rules, while Muslim Friendly Hotels include Hilal 1; secondly, strengthening the Sharia Hotel e-branding strategy including 1) strengthening domain names, brand identity, and web design; 2) partnership with various online travel agents; 3) installation of advertising and promotion media; 4) strengthening interaction through social media networks; the third is related to the challenges in e-branding of Sharia Hotels, it is the perception of the Indonesian people whose Muslim majority religion does not need differentiation in Sharia Hotels with Muslim Friendly Hotels and the perception that Sharia Hotels only accept Muslim tourists even though Sharia Hotels accept tourists universally like Conventional Hotels. Conclusion: Effective e-branding through online media in the Sharia hotel industry, it is proven can build a positive image and not only Muslim tourists who have known sharia hotels, but some non-Muslim tourists also have brand awareness in the existence of Sharia Hotel

M. Helbling

Rafael de Araújo e Viana Leite

Nas obras completas de Jean-Jacques Rousseau (Pléiade, Tomo II, 1964, org. Bernard Gagnebin e Marcel Raymond), há uma seleção de textos, desses quase apócrifos, representantes de um esforço nunca concluído, excertos sem um ponto final que nos permita medi-los com precisão e propriedade. Todavia, isso não impede que nós, leitores de Rousseau, encontremos um material interessante, capaz de complementar pesquisas sobre a reflexão, interesses ou mesmo sobre o estilo literário do filósofo genebrino. Esses fragmentos, em sua maioria manuscritos conservados em Neuchatel ou Genebra, alguns publicados no final do século XVIII ou nos idos do século XIX, foram reunidos sob o título de Miscelâneas de literatura e de moral. São excertos, notas de trabalhos e empreendimentos apenas iniciados de tamanho e valor desiguais, como diz Charles Guyot (1964, t. II, p. CI). Para o comentador, manifestam os exercícios literários de um grande escritor. Esta apresentação introduz a tradução inédita em português de oito desses textos, a saber, Sobre a eloquência, Pronúncia, Comentários lexicais, Sobre as mulheres, Uma casa na rua Saint-Denis, Ensaio sobre os acontecimentos importantes cuja causa secreta foram as mulheres, Conselho a um cura e, por fim, as Cartas para Sara.

Zahra Nikmanesh, Hadi Ansari

Objectives: The birth and presence of an exceptional child in a family can be considered as an undesirable challenging event. This event may be associated with stress, frustration, sadness, and despair. This study aimed to examine the relationship of religious coping styles with general health and psychological well-being among mothers of mentally disabled children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the mothers (n=68) whose mentally disabled children were enrolled in spacial schools in Zabol in the academic year 2012-2013. A study population was selected and homogenized through applying a convenience sampling method. Aflakseir and Coleman Religious Coping Scale, Keyes and Magyar Subjective Well-Being Questionnaire, and Goldberg and Hillier General Health Questionnaire were used to collect data. Data analyses were performed by applying a Pearson correlation coefficient and a stepwise regression analysis. Results: This study revealed that negative feelings towards God and passive religious coping were related to subscales of general health among the mothers of mentally disabled children. The stepwise regression analysis demonstrated the most significant role of negative feelings towards God in predicting general health among the mothers of mentally disabled children. Moreover, none of the subscales of religious coping were able to predict the mothers’ psychological well-being.  Discussion: The results of the current study suggest that the religious coping styles affect the general health among the mothers of mentally disabled children. This study also indicated that paying attention to the type of religious coping used by these mothers is essential.

Boris Kolesnikov

This article identifi es and gives an outline of views of Milan Rastislav Štefánik, one of the leaders of the Czechoslovak national movement, on the Russian revolution and bolshevism. The article also touches upon problems of the Czechoslovak national movement as Russia played the main role in their solution. In the course of his trips to Russia, Štefánik took a positive attitude to our country. During his fi rst journey to Russia in 1906–1907, he had an opportunity to become comprehensively familiar with the country, explore and get to love its vast expanse because from St Petersburg he set out for Tashkent. In the future he came to be a witness of events taking place in Russia in the period of revolution and civil war. Revolutionary events of 1917 have convinced Štefánik that Russia is losing its positions of a strong and infl uential country and cannot support the national movemenets of Czechs and Slovaks. The scholar considered bolshevism to be a reason for the decline of Russia. He regarded bolshevism as a threat that might like a bonfi re spread onto other nations. Because of this he regarded his activity for the strengthening of the military readiness of Czechoslovac legions in Siberia as his contribution to the resistance to bolshevists’ ideas.

Suamit Correia Barreiro, Daniel Fernando Bozutti

Many people from generation Z are at the beginning of their academic activities. This generation has peculiar characteristics that might be a challenge in the labor market. Thus, instructors have a great role in their preparation. However, professors might face difficulties dealing with their specific characteristics. The research aims to carry out a general survey to enable an understanding of the greater challenges and difficulties in teaching the subject of engineering to the students of Generation Z. The research method used was a case study at a University with 20 instructors from the Faculty of Engineering. The analysis revealed a great challenge in relating theoretical concepts with practical concepts. The research also showed a probable tendency of using more exhibition methods, and the low knowledge about generation Z by most instructors. This study seeks to contribute to the teaching-learning process of engineering.

Jorge Araneda Tapia

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Nicolette Bragg

The thought of the limit has in its genetics the questioning of time and place. The essays in this collection, African Thinking and/at Its Limits, demonstrate this essential interrogation (how time and space both belong to a certain critical modality); their address of (and at) the limits of African thinking is inevitably also one that presents us with the limitedness of temporal and spatial understandings. For the limit signals the very reach(es) of time and place, and enables the possibility of territory, control, management, and measure – possibilities that can seem at once infinite and inordinately restricted. Possibility, the very provocation of the limit, can itself be formulated in terms of time and place—What can (yet) be done? Where is it possible to go? Where do we from here? The limit signifies both expiration, the farthest point a thinking can take one, and consolidation, the demarcation and establishment of a territory. These questions of time and place are, as such and for these very reasons, bound up in any thinking of Africa. This, too, is clear from the issues addressed by the contributions to this collection, not the least of which are the very historicity of the concepts commonly used to assess or explain state crisis, the hangovers of colonial paradigms, and how to think, address, and analyze the crisis of the postcolony.

Rubén Céspedes

En el presente artículo se expone la noción de dialéctica de Fichte en su libro Basamento de toda la doctrina de la ciencia (1784). La dialéctica presente en la relación entre yo, no-yo y yo absoluto es examinada tomando en cuenta el antecedente kantiano relativo a la dialéctica trascendental y la posterior crítica realizada por Hegel, en especial, el rechazo de este último a la idea de un no-yo.

Juan José Leiva Olivencia

Nuestra tierra ha pasado en las últimas décadas de ser un país de emigrantes a convertirse en país de acogida de inmigrantes de diversos lugares, etnias, costumbres, lenguas y religiones. Por su parte, y centrándonos en el contexto educativo, es evidente la existencia de aulas multiculturales y del fenómeno multicultural entendido como la pluralidad de alumnos de procedencias diversas en espacios educativos comunes. No obstante, hace ya algunos años que en el ámbito educativo muchos autores emplean los términos de escuela intercultural y de educación intercultural como una forma de asumir el modelo educativo basado en la interdependencia enriquecedora de valores culturales diferentes en la práctica educativa, mientras que la multiculturalidad sería una expresión descriptiva de la situación de convivencia de varias culturas en el mismo espacio educativo. Por todo ello, resulta imprescindible trazar las características fundamentales de la educación intercultural, planteando los elementos fundamentales que la definen, esto es, diversidad, cultura, ciudadanía e identidad, para construir una educación intercultural que partiendo del reconocimientode la diversidad cultural, sea capaz de generar una cultura de la diversidad, un referente pedagógico inclusivo para unas instituciones educativas que quierenser inclusivas e interculturales.

Mohammadhosein Mahdavinejad, Mohammadreza Khodaie

The interpretation presented by Mullā Sadrā of Adam Story in the holy Quran relies on the certain philosophical and epistemological presuppositions and foundations. The aim of this article is the study of the Quran language and the philosophical and epistemological foundations of Mullā Sadrā’s interpretation of Adam story. According to Mullā Sadrā, the Quran language in Adam story is a cognitive language and this story includes the features that seem opposed. His interpretation is characterized by esoteric interpretation with the preservation of exoteric, to be allegorical, and historiography. Mullā Sadrā’s philosophical interpretation in respect of foundations is criticizable. Some critiques of the interpretation of Adam Story are as follows: The doctrine of Great Man that has used equivocally for two senses; first, it means universal soul that is an intellect and secondly, it means celestial soul that - on the basis of Peripatetic philosophy - uses for the explanation of the circular motion of heavens. One of the implications of Mullā Sadrā’s interpretation is the prostration of a group of angles before Adam that is discordant with other Quranic verses about their prostration.

О. Lauta

The article is devoted research of a philosophical problematics of formation of experience during a postmodern epoch. It is analyzed structuralist strategy of an explication of experience which are directed on disclosing of manuals logocentrism and revealing anthropological character of the nature of experience.<br>Статья посвящена исследованию философской проблематики формирования опыта в эпоху постмодерна. Проанализированы структуралистские стратегии экспликации опыта, которые направлены на раскрытие наставлений логоцентризма и виявление антропологического характера природы опыта.<br>Стаття присвячена дослідженню філософської проблематики щодо формування досвіду в епоху постмодерну. Проаналізовані структуралістські стратегії експлікації досвіду, які спрямовані на викриття настанов логоцентризму та виявлення антропологічного характеру природи досвіду.

Viren eSwami, Viren eSwami

Two studies examined correlates of belief in a Jewish conspiracy theory among Malays in Malaysia, a culture in which state-directed conspiracism as a means of dealing with perceived external and internal threats is widespread. In Study 1, 368 participants from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, completed a novel measure of belief in a Jewish conspiracy theory, along with measures of general conspiracist ideation and anomie. Initial analysis showed that the novel scale factorially reduced to a single dimension. Further analysis showed that belief in the Jewish conspiracy theory was only significantly associated with general conspiracist ideation, but the strength of the association was weak. In Study 2, 314 participants completed the measure of belief in the Jewish conspiracy theory, along with measures of general conspiracist ideation and ideological attitudes. Results showed that belief in the Jewish conspiracy theory was associated with anti-Israeli attitudes, modern racism directed at Chinese, right-wing authoritarianism, and social dominance orientation. General conspiracist ideation did not emerge as a significant predictor once other variables had been accounted for. These results suggest that there may be specific cultural and social psychological forces that drive belief in the Jewish conspiracy theory within the Malaysian context. Specifically, belief in the Jewish conspiracy theory among Malaysian Malays appears to serve ideological needs and as a mask for anti-Chinese sentiment, which may in turn reaffirm their perceived ability to shape socio-political processes.

Sébastien Thibault

Agamben a montré qu’on ne pouvait saisir la véritable contemporanéité d’un être, d’un évènement, d’une chose en dehors d’une certaine forme paradoxale d’ « inactualité » par où ceux-ci apparaissent comme déphasés par rapport à l’époque et que c’est dans ce déphasage même qu’un regard véritablement contemporain aiguise son acuité. Par le geste de citation s’enracinant dans l’élément d’inactualité propre au contemporain, certaines expériences passées oubliées ou déchues dans l’enfer du conformisme (la mode) conquièrent une faculté d’exigence quant à la « faible force messianique » dévolue à chaque nouvelle génération combattante qui les cite [Benjamin] ; ainsi être contemporain de son époque, c’est interrompre le cours historique et linéaire de celle-ci pour se plonger dans l’essentielle « interpolation d’un présent » capable de renouer des alliances secrètes avec des figures vaincues, oubliées ou dévoyées de l’historiographie dominante. Nous faisons ici l’hypothèse que le concept de contemporain tel que façonné par Agamben à l’aune de la philosophie de l’histoire benjaminienne constitue une clé herméneutique de premier ordre pour appréhender les gestes les plus radicaux des tendances avancées travaillant souterrainement les industries culturelles comme la pop’ music (ainsi par exemple de la récente tournée acoustique du groupe suisse les Young Gods).