Esta investigación versa sobre la “Escuela de Maestros”, un escenario creativo e innovador de capacitación continua de los profesores del programa de Derecho de la Universidad Católica de Colombia. El estudio indaga sobre su historia, objetivos, características, desarrollo e impacto, al igual que acerca de sus retos y prospectivas. Para el efecto se ejecutó una investigación empírica. La pesquisa empírica, desarrollada con el uso de los métodos cuantitativo y cualitativo, comprendió la aplicación de una encuesta, la observación participativa y la realización de entrevistas en profundidad. Se utilizaron los métodos analítico, histórico y dialéctico, bajo una perspectiva comprensiva. El trabajo detectó las fortalezas y debilidades de esta estrategia de formación docente, al igual que las funciones sociales que desempeña, alguna de las cuales no tienen relación con sus fines.
Autonomy in weapon systems is already a genuine concern. States try to come up with their own definitions of these systems and pay utmost effort to impose their own understanding of these systems upon other states. For a fairly high number of states barring a total ban on such weapons would be the ideal solution; however, such states that are anxious about the increase in autonomy in war-making capabilities, as adopts a second-best scenario to contain risks created by the deployment of such systems. To this end, placing them under meaningful human control emerges as an important political and legal objective. The author believes that placing autonomous weapons under human supervision, despite its initial promise, will yield negative results. This is due to the fact that humans tend rather to be too willing to follow the solutions generated by autonomous systems. First observed in other industries of civilian nature like aviation or health, automation bias has the potential to negate most if not all of supervision measures expected to ensure proper implementation of international humanitarian law.
Private international law. Conflict of laws, Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law
Amid the crises and security, economic, and social challenges facing humanity today, the judiciary is considered a safety valve in the area of crime prevention, achieving security and stability, reassurance, and prosperity. A human's right to achieve and establish justice can only be realized through the existence of judicial institutions, as justice and judiciary are intertwined - there can be no justice without judiciary, and no judiciary without justice. If justice is lost, the judiciary loses its importance, power, and people will no longer trust it or view it to obtain their rights. Therefore, this paper comes in this conference to shed light on the most prominent pillars for achieving justice in the Saudi judiciary as a human right, and the adequacy of these pillars. My study will rely on the descriptive research method for its suitability in analyzing the provisions and regulations governing the Saudi judiciary, and to derive theoretical and practical conclusions in this context.
Private international law. Conflict of laws, Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law
Vegetative State is a type of brain damage that despite the death of the brain hemispheres, the brain stem continues to work. In this situation, the patient has no mental and cognitive function and is not able to consciously communicate with the environment. Due to the lack of relevant laws in this area in most legal systems, the legal aspects of this situation have not been adequately explained. The issue of the life or death of these patients is one of the important issues for explaining the legal status of patients in a vegetative state. In this study, according to the religious and jurisprudential concept of death according to the sanctity of the right to life and with the similarity with the regulations governing the incapacity, the view of being alive has been accepted and according to this view and with a comparative approach, the legal effects of vegetative state has been analyzed. The selection of a guardian and trustee and the transfer of financial affairs to them, the possibility of seeking divorce due to circumstances created by the spouse in a vegetative state, and the termination of personal contracts are the most important legal effects that have been accepted in this study
Dr. Muhammad Asif Khan, Dr. Muhammad Fayaz, Umar Niaz Khan
In the wake of the privatization of war, new international players known as private military companies have been given the opportunity to actively engage in many armed conflicts throughout the world. They provide a variety of services such as combat services, logistical support, operational support, intelligence, border monitoring, and providing security guards in exchange for monetary compensation. During armed conflicts workers of these military companies can violate international law, including provisions of international humanitarian law. Under the international humanitarian law, the individual criminal responsibility exists to be applied on the employees of these firms, but the international legal framework is unable to identify the liability of these private military companies. Especially, the idea of criminal corporate liability for these companies is nonexistent. This research paper proposes that the idea of corporate criminal responsibility should be introduced at the state level, with the goal of holding Private Military Companies accountable for breaches of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Laws. In addition, it is also argued that the special regulations are required to govern private military companies.
The paramount interest of China in Afghanistan seems to ensure peace and stability in the region. Beijing’s soft power approach towards Afghanistan through its neutral stance and minimum involvement in domestic politics within Afghanistan proved to be an advantage in cementing China’s role in Afghanistan as a credible mediator. China extends its influence in the region through the Belt and Road Initiative, where the importance of CPEC is interlinked with the development of China’s western sector. China aims to harness the Afghan territory for its transit routes because Afghanistan bridges the connectivity gap between Central Asia and West Asia. This paper highlights that the current interests of China in Afghanistan are multiple. China is utilizing all the soft power elements to promote and expand the areas of activities of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to South Asia because stability in Afghanistan cannot be achieved solely. Understanding Regional Security Complex Theory and Soft Power can encapsulate China’s engagement in Afghanistan. It has made a considerable effort by highlighting regional complexities on various multilateral fronts like China-Pakistan-Afghanistan, China-Russia-Afghanistan, and China-Russia-Pakistan-Iran. This study develops an analytical framework of South Asian security from the regional point of view and analyses external powers' role in the transition of regional security complexes.
Bibliography Entry
Tahir, Mariam. 2022. "Regional Security Complex Theory and Soft Power: Mapping China’s Engagement in Afghanistan." Margalla Papers 26 (2): 39-48.
International relations, Private international law. Conflict of laws
There are still families, the climate of which creates premises for the formation of criminal personality, such as: conflictual families, hyperauthoritarian families or hyperpermissive, etc. The family environment can present very diverse deficiencies of a legal, social, moral, pedagogical order, related to situations such as: infidelity, abandonment, divorce, cohabitation, death, drug addicts, sexual vices, etc., not to mention the absence of the family environment itself, as in the case of orphaned, abandoned children in the care of public assistance. Parents often educate children empirically, relying on intuition and habit. The family’s educational deficiencies are manifested by: the total lack of interest in the child’s education; the excess of care, the indulgence of exaggerated affection; inability to provide the child with positive human models through their own example of behavior; lack of understanding and affection due to selfishness and indifference towards the child; excessive severity, unconscious or intentional, which creates an anxious family climate; the use of acts of violence as educational means.
Private international law. Conflict of laws, Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law
Este artículo examina el comportamiento de la variable declaración de la víctima ante la policía y el juzgado en los procedimientos penales por violencia de género, problematizando los resultados desde un enfoque sociológico y de género. Desde una metodología cuantitativa, el análisis de los procedimientos incoados durante el 2017 en el Partido judicial de Pamplona permite identificar frecuencias y relaciones estadísticamente significativas de esta variable con otras. Se comprueba la importancia de declaración de la víctima para que el proceso llegue a juicio. Constituye un aporte empírico a los trabajos teóricos y dogmáticos que analizan el sistema judicial penal desde una perspectiva de género. Contribuye al debate jurídico y social sobre la necesidad de la declaración de la víctima para obtener una eficaz tutela judicial, identificando las racionalidades que subyacen en esta exigencia. Se aprecia la ambivalencia del sistema que requiere un consenso moral en torno a la víctima para obtener legitimidad. This article examines the behaviour of the variable “victim’s declaration” in the police and the court in criminal proceedings for gender violence, problematizing the results from a sociological and gender perspective. From a quantitative methodology, the analysis of the procedures initiated during 2017 in the Pamplona judicial district allows us to identify frequencies and statistically significant relationships of this variable with others. The importance of the victim is verified so that the process reaches trial phase. It constitutes an empirical contribution to the theoretical and dogmatic works that analyse the criminal justice system from a gender perspective. It contributes to the legal and social debate on the need for the victim's declaration to obtain effective judicial protection, identifying the rationale behind this demand. The ambivalence of the system that requires a moral consensus around the victim to obtain legitimacy is appreciated. Available from: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1192
O comércio internacional tem como base o transporte marítimo que se encontra em um contexto energético dependente de combustíveis fósseis, mas na transição para um cenário mais sustentável, com energia renovável e combustíveis alternativos como vetores relevantes para a geração de potência em navios. Essa mudança é incentivada por questões econômicas e ambientais, através de estratégias como a implementação de regras para a redução da emissão de gases do efeito estufa pautadas nas reuniões da Organização Marítima Internacional (IMO), que apresentam regulamentações cada vez mais rígidas. Dessa forma, o presente artigo busca mostrar a relevância dos combustíveis alternativos para o transporte marítimo, analisando sua viabilidade de acordo com a movimentação do comércio internacional.
Moral right is one of granted rights to author in literary and artistic property law. Unlike economic right which considers protection of financial and economic aspects of author's rights, the function of moral right is to protect author's Character creativity, immaterial aspects and social interests. Despite the attention of countries following copyright system to economic right and having utilitarian approach, necessities such as internal and international (like the results of accession to Berne Convention) requirements, compelled these countries including UK and US to accept moral right. However, this right in these countries has less important situation, more limited instances and time protection rather than countries following author's right system: for example, waiver of moral right in UK has been accepted extensively and the rights such as right of attribution and right of integrity are not applied about some works. Moral rights in Canada are limited into two rights of attribution and integrity and waiver of this right is allowed generally or partially. Australia has the most comprehensive statute on moral right, infringement and remedies about that. This research examines the causes of accepting moral right in copyright system through comparative study on some of countries following this system.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the theory of legal fact P.G. Vinogradov. The author proves
its special significance for the modern theory of state and law. The work shows its place in the jurisprudence of the XIX - beginning of XX century. The author focuses on the classification of legal
facts given by P.G. Vinogradov. The article reveals the differences in the concept of legal fact given
by P.G. Vinogradov, from the end of XIX - beginning of XX century accepted in jurisprudence and its
virtues are shown
Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law, Civil law
For the first time in the history of Iranian law, the Family Court in Wright as a special court was created by virtue of Family Protection Act of 19/02/2013. It should be noted that the drafting and approval of clear and unambiguous rules are necessary as much as the creation of such a court. One of the most important issues in this regard is the inherent jurisdiction of the Family Court as an exclusive court, and hence the legislator has a duty to set up clear and effective rules accordingly. However, the legislator has not taken an appropriate approach in this regard, since on the one hand, the scope of the jurisdiction of this court contains a number of issues not relating to family affairs, and on the other, important family issues have not been considered within the jurisdiction of the Court. This article has found that the method of verbal interpretation does not propose a solution to this problem. Therefore, by considering that the process of law reform is time-consuming and could lead to uncertainties, this article seeks a solution for the interpretation of hermeneutics in order to clarify the suitability of family law.
When states withdraw from bilateral investment treaties or denounce multilateral treaties related to foreign investment, a range of intersecting questions arise in domestic and international law. Recent developments have demonstrated potential incongruities between domestic and international approaches to investment protection, including as regards the effectiveness of withdrawal and the implications for existing investments. This essay reflects on international and domestic disputes involving the withdrawal of the Russian Federation from participation in the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) to highlight these interactions. These issues have become particularly pertinent today because more than 1,500 international investment agreements (IIAs) are nearing expiry of their initial term, providing an opportunity for termination. Moreover, some states have begun to terminate or denounce investment treaties, while many more are engaging in a process of renegotiation and reform. The Russian case study also highlights the potentially far-reaching effects of a state simply signing a treaty, even many years after the state has expressed its decision to withdraw from it, and notwithstanding tensions with the domestic legal framework.
Comparative law. International uniform law, Private international law. Conflict of laws
The implementation of mediation in court still seems formalistic. This condition makes the process of a civil case proceed to Supreme Court. Supreme Court Regulation No.1 of 2008 aimsto stream line the mediation institute incourt. However, in practice the Supreme Court Regulation No. 1 of 2008 was no different with Article 130 HIR, it even contrary to mediatio nontology and simple, fast and in expensive Justice Prinsiple
Private international law. Conflict of laws, Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law
<p>AMany of the mass media of the Spanish State continue using, at present, certain expressions (as domestic violence) that impede the understanding of the real meaning of the gender-based violence. In some cases there are some ideological intentions by certain sectors of society to use terms which conceal the true structural nature of the gender-based violence. In other cases, this confusion is reinforced by an inadequate understanding of this problem by journalists themselves, and the incorrect use of the names. The result is an important conceptual confusion which affects the understanding of the meaning of gender-based violence among citizens.</p> <hr /><p>Numerosos medios de comunicación del Estado español siguen empleando en la actualidad algunas expresiones (como violencia doméstica) que impiden la comprensión del verdadero significado de la violencia de género. En algunos casos existe una intención ideológica por parte de ciertos sectores de la sociedad para emplear términos que ocultan el verdadero carácter estructural de la violencia de género. En otros casos se refuerza dicha confusión por la comprensión defectuosa de este problema por parte de los propios periodistas y la mala utilización de las denominaciones. El resultado es una importante confusión conceptual que afecta a la comprensión del significado de la violencia de género por parte de la ciudadanía.</p><p><strong>DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN</strong>: <a href="http://ssrn.com/abstract=2612144" target="_blank"> http://ssrn.com/abstract=2612144</a></p>
The telling, sharing and, most critically, the hearing of stories related to gender violence has been a critical part of the project of feminism as well as the refuge movement (Dobash and Dobash 1979, Kelly 1988). This an introduction to a set of papers that represent highlights from the conference entitled “International Congress on Gender Violence: Intersectionalities” in terms of how the intersections of gender violence have been narrated.
Contar, compartir, y, más críticamente, escuchar historias relacionadas con la violencia de género ha sido una parte fundamental del proyecto del feminismo, así como del movimiento de refugio (Dobash y Dobash 1979, Kelly 1988). Esta es una introducción a una serie de artículos representativos del Congreso Internacional sobre Violencia de Género: Intersecciones, que abordan cómo se han relatado las intersecciones de la violencia de género.
DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2710203