Hasil untuk "Photography"

Ryosuke Kasai, Hideki Otsuka

Emission tomography, including single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), requires image reconstruction from noisy and incomplete projection data. The maximum-likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM) algorithm is widely used due to its statistical foundation and non-negativity preservation, but it is highly sensitive to noise, particularly in low-count conditions. Although total variation (TV) regularization can reduce noise, it often oversmooths structural details and requires careful parameter tuning. We propose a Graph-Enhanced Expectation Maximization (GREM) algorithm that incorporates graph-based neighborhood information into an MLEM-type multiplicative reconstruction scheme. The method is motivated by a penalized formulation combining a Kullback–Leibler divergence term with a graph Laplacian regularization term, promoting local structural consistency while preserving edges. The resulting update retains the multiplicative structure of MLEM and preserves the non-negativity of the image estimates. Numerical experiments using synthetic phantoms under multiple noise levels, as well as clinical ^99mTc-GSA liver SPECT data, demonstrate that GREM consistently outperforms conventional MLEM and TV-regularized MLEM in terms of PSNR and MS-SSIM. These results indicate that GREM provides an effective and practical approach for edge-preserving noise suppression in emission tomography without relying on external training data.

Slim Hamdi, Kais Loukil, Adem Haj Boubaker et al.

The internal quality assessment of potato tubers is a crucial task in agro-laboratory processing. Traditional methods struggle to detect internal defects such as hollow heart, internal bruises, and insect galleries using only surface features. We present a novel, fully modular hybrid AI architecture designed for defect detection using RGB images of potato slices, suitable for integration in laboratory. Our pipeline combines high-recall multi-threshold YOLO detection, contextual patch validation using ResNet, precise segmentation via the Segment Anything Model (SAM), and skin-contact analysis using VGG16 with a Random Forest classifier. Experimental results on a labeled dataset of over 6000 annotated instances show a recall above 95% and precision near 97.2% for most defect classes. The approach offers both robustness and interpretability, outperforming previous methods that rely on costly hyperspectral or MRI techniques. This system is scalable, explainable, and compatible with existing 2D imaging hardware.

Juntai Zeng, Qingyun Yang

Enhancing RAW images acquired under low-light conditions remains a fundamental yet challenging problem in computational photography and image signal processing. Recent deep learning-based approaches have shifted from real paired datasets toward synthetic data generation, where sensor noise is typically simulated through physical modeling. However, most existing methods primarily account for additive noise, neglect multiplicative noise components, and rely on global calibration procedures that fail to capture pixel-level manufacturing variability. Consequently, these methods struggle to faithfully reproduce the complex statistics of real sensor noise. To overcome these limitations, this paper introduces a physically grounded composite noise model that jointly incorporates additive and multiplicative noise components. We further propose a per-pixel noise simulation and calibration strategy, which estimates and synthesizes noise individually for each pixel. This physics-based calibration not only circumvents the constraints of global noise modeling but also captures spatial noise variations arising from microscopic CMOS sensor fabrication differences. Inspired by the recent success of rectified-flow methods in image generation, we integrate our physics-based noise synthesis into a rectified-flow generative framework and present PGRF (Physics-Guided Rectified Flow): a physics-guided rectified-flow framework for low-light RAW image enhancement. PGRF leverages the expressive capacity of rectified flows to model complex data distributions, while physical guidance constrains the generation process toward the desired clean image manifold. To evaluate our method, we constructed the LLID, a dedicated indoor low-light RAW benchmark captured using the Sony A7S II camera. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves substantial improvements over state-of-the-art methods in low-light RAW image enhancement.

Rohima W. Ningrum, Wiwit Suryanto, Wahyudi Wahyudi et al.

Tsunamis pose a significant threat to the Jailolo coastal area in North Maluku, Indonesia, because of its proximity to the Maluku Sea subduction zone, where seismic activity has historically triggered destructive waves. This study aims to map tsunami hazards in the Jailolo coastal area by integrating the Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry method with numerical calculations. The SfM photogrammetry method involves using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to produce digital elevation model (DEM) data in the form of digital terrain model and digital surface model, as well as orthomosaic data. In addition, tsunami wave propagation simulation modelling was carried out using the Cornell Multi-Grid Coupled Tsunami computational program, with input data including Manning’s coefficient data and fault parameters. The aerial photography resulted in DEMs with a vertical accuracy of LE90 of 0.15 metres and an orthomosaic with a horizontal accuracy of CE90 of 0.5 metres. The tsunami simulation revealed tsunami waves reaching 5.8–17.4 metres, with a hazard zone of approximately 119.31 hectares and an inundation distance of about 700 metres from the coast. The affected areas include settlements, agriculture and mangrove forests. In conclusion, the integration of UAV-based SfM photogrammetry and numerical simulations effectively produces high-precision tsunami hazard maps. Contribution: This study provides a significant contribution to disaster mitigation and evacuation planning by providing an accurate and efficient method for mapping tsunami hazards. The precise data can support decision-making in high-risk coastal areas such as Jailolo.

Salma I.E. Hagar, Atif B.M Ali, Abd Elaziz M. Elmadina et al.

Background: Ocular dominance is used clinically for decisions on monovision in contact lens wear and treating binocular vision anomalies. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the association between macular structure and ocular dominance in normal-sighted young adult Sudanese by using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Setting: The study was conducted at Al-Neelain eye hospital, Faculty of optometry and visual sciences, Khartoum, Sudan. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional and comparative study was conducted in 160 eyes of 80 healthy young adults. Central macular thickness (CMT), peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (NFL) thickness and inner retinal layers were investigated in each subject using OCT. Hole-in-the-card was used to detect ocular dominance. Results: The findings showed that the mean value of CMT for dominant eyes was slightly thicker (224.53 ± 17.18 μm) than in non-dominant eyes (224.36 ± 16.18 μm; P = 0.947). Whereas NFL thickness for dominant eyes was thicker at 31.87 ± 10.43 μm than in non-dominant 130.83 ± 10.30 μm with P = 0.528. In general, there were no highly significant differences between dominant eyes and non-dominant eyes found in macular parameters (P  0.05). Conclusion: Central macular thickness, NFL, ganglion cell layer and retinal pigmented epithelium may have some impact on determining ocular dominance in healthy adults. We believe that the exact mechanism and effects of ocular dominance remain unclear. Thus, further evaluation is needed. Contribution: This study observed slight thicker in macular parameters for the dominant eye, particularly in CMT and NFL thickness.

Redakcja Images

Galeria w niniejszym tomie czasopisma jest nieco inna niż w numerach wcześniejszych. Nie zawiera fotografii – uznaliśmy bowiem, że bliższy tematom dystrybucji i widowni filmowej będzie plakat: jako ważny element promocji, a często przecież jako pierwszy obraz zawiązujący relację film – odbiorca. Chcieliśmy, by autorskie propozycje plakatów dotyczyły filmów, które z jakichś względów wyróżniają się pod względem dystrybucyjnym – zarówno z perspektywy historycznej, jak i współczesnej. Z tytułów starszych wybór padł na dwa polskie „półkowniki”: Przypadek Krzysztofa Kieślowskiego (1981/1987) i Kobietę samotną Agnieszki Holland (1981/1987). Z produkcji nowszych wskazaliśmy Romę Alfonso Cuaróna (2018) i Nie patrz w górę Adama McKaya (2021) – filmy w dużej mierze zawdzięczające swoją rozpoznawalność usłudze video-on-demand (w obu wypadkach reprezentowanej przez Netflix), która w ostatnim czasie tak silnie zmieniła pejzaż mediów audiowizualnych. Do współpracy zaprosiliśmy Uniwersytet Artystyczny im. Magdaleny Abakanowicz w Poznaniu. Studenckie projekty powstały w I Pracowni Plakatu, na Wydziale Grafiki i Komunikacji Wizualnej (prowadzący: prof. Grzegorz Marszałek, p.o. kierownik: dr Marcin Markowski). Prezentowane grafiki pokazują rozmaite sposoby potraktowania zadanego tematu, w mniejszym lub większym stopniu nawiązujące do fabuły lub dyskursu danego filmu.

Jinzhi Zhao, Priya R Chandrasekaran, Kai Xiong Cheong et al.

Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is a subtype of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) that is characterized by a branching neovascular network and polypoidal lesions. It is important to differentiate PCV from typical nAMD as there are differences in treatment response between subtypes. Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) is the gold standard for diagnosing PCV; however, ICGA is an invasive detection method and impractical for extensive use for regular long-term monitoring. In addition, access to ICGA may be limited in some settings. The purpose of this review is to summarize the utilization of multimodal imaging modalities (color fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography (OCTA), and fundus autofluorescence (FAF)) in differentiating PCV from typical nAMD and predicting disease activity and prognosis. In particular, OCT shows tremendous potential in diagnosing PCV. Characteristics such as subretinal pigment epithelium (RPE) ring-like lesion, en face OCT-complex RPE elevation, and sharp-peaked pigment epithelial detachment provide high sensitivity and specificity for differentiating PCV from nAMD. With the use of more practical, non-ICGA imaging modalities, the diagnosis of PCV can be more easily made and treatment tailored as necessary for optimal outcomes.

Pryshchenko Svitlana, Antonovych Yevgen, Petrushevskyi Andryi

This paper focuses on the visualization of eco problems and the latest green technologies, including energy-saving. Today, there are four color-graphic means in advertising: photography, graphics (drawing or computer graphics), font compositions, and often a combination of these. Our study considers the imagery and stylistics of eco poster as a type of public advertising, and ascertains that in the subject of energy-saving a light bulb as the visual stereotype prevails. The paper indicates the importance of system design thinking, the use of creative approaches in the educational process of designers (metaphor, metonymy, hyperbole, association, allegory also) in creating social appeals for a wide audience – from young children to the older generation. Moreover, it emphasized the social value of design, and the aesthetic, moral as well as communicative aspects of visual information of environmental orientation within the context of this study.

Noviana Sabilla, Maya Purnama Sari

Wayang Golek is one of the nation's cultural heritage that grows and develops in West Java, and its existence still exists today but is starting to decline. Photography is one part of the technology that can bridge the Punakawan  Sundanese Wayang Golek  Culture in maintaining its existence. The purpose of the research is to maintain the existence of the Punakawan  Sundanese Wayang Golek  Culture through the media of Photography. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach obtained through interviews, observations and is equipped with photographic works. The results of this study indicate that Photography can be one of the media in maintaining the existence of Wayang Golek, especially the Sundanese Punakawan  group, through social media such as Instagram. Photography by researchers and other artists' works shared via Instagram can be spread worldwide and stored forever, with periodic and continuous stages, the existence of Wayang Golek, especially Punakawan  Sundanese, will be maintained. Keywords: Art Fotografi; Punakawan;Culture Wayang Golek.

Igor Kolotov, Dmitry Lukyanenko, Inna Stepanova et al.

One of the possible approaches to reconstructing the map of the distribution of magnetization parameters in the crust of Mars from the data of the Mars MAVEN orbiter mission is considered. Possible ways of increasing the accuracy of reconstruction of the magnetic image of Mars are discussed.

Chudan Wu, Yan Wo, Guoqing Han et al.

Deep neural networks have recently demonstrated high performance for deblurring. However, few methods are designed for both non‐uniform image blur estimation and removal with highly efficient. In this study, the authors proposed a fully convolutional network that outputs estimated blur and restored image in one feed‐forward pass for the non‐uniformly blurred image of any input‐size. The proposed network contains two subnets. The parameter estimation subnet P‐net predicts pixel‐wise parameters of multiple blur types with high accuracy. The output of P‐net is used as a condition, which guides the blur removal subnet G‐net to restore a high quality latent sharp image. P‐net and G‐net are ultimately integrated into a single framework called PG‐net, which guarantees the consistency of parameter estimation and blur removal, thereby improves algorithm efficiency. Experiment results show that the authors blur parameter estimation method as well as their deblurring method outperforms the comparison methods both quantitatively and qualitatively.

Rym Khene

It is by the common vantage point of archives and art that the Algerian artist Sofiane Zouggar tackles questions of images and violence during the 1990s. This article explores the different facets of his on-going project Memory of Violence by questioning the artist’s gesture of archiving in its specificity but also its proximity to that of the researcher.

Servanne Monjour

In 2008, as she has chemotherapy to treat breast cancer, Belgian writer Lydia Flem begins to photograph a series of colorful and heterogeneous objects. These conceptual pictures, both visual and textual, will have a major influence on her own writing. This article explores the photo-literary turn in Lydia Flem’s work, focusing on its original poetics: an “anamorphic” poetics, which plays on the principles of displacement and discrepancy between text and image.

Marie-Anne Paveau

In the context of visual studies, Mitchell (1994) showed that the image increasingly organizes our semiotic perception, by re-correlating the production of meaning in an iconic perspective. The hypothesis of an « image-becoming » (Nachtergael 2017) of text, discourse and interaction is therefore not new but seems to be confirmed by digital communication, where image plays an important role, reorganizing meaningful content and sometimes taking precedence over verbal expression within technographism, defined as a native digital multimedia production articulating image, text and possibly sound (Paveau 2017). In this article, I propose to implement this hypothesis using the example of printed or on-screen text photography, which is increasingly integrated into native digital speech, especially on social networks such as Twitter or Facebook. I will show that it is an iconization of the text, testifying to a digital conversion of scripturality and raising the question of a contemporary piloting of meaning through the image.

Ait Brahim L., Jemmah A. I., Bousta M. et al.

The Tleta of Beni Ider region located in the SW of Tetouan (Rif Septentrional) knows many mass instabilities. The diagnostic via the inventory, the mapping and the characterization of mass movements was made by using satellite imagery, aerial photography and field data coupled with existing documents (geological, geomorphological,…). The understanding of both their spatial distribution and the mechanism generating them, is very complex because of the existence of an important number of natural factors (geological, geomorphological, hydrological) in a relative mountainous landscape with deep valleys, steep slopes and significant elevation changes. Thus, a multidisciplinary approach was adopted to elaborate the landslide susceptibility map of the region taking into account interactions and causal relationships between the various natural parameters that tend to accentuate and aggravate the setting of landslides. The multidisciplinary database allowed us to evaluate the susceptibility thanks to a bivariate probabiliste model (Weight of Evidence). The obtained landslide susceptibility map is a major contribution to the development of urban development plans in the region.

Zoltán K. Mityók, Douglas K. Bolton, Nicholas C. Coops et al.

Snow fall and melt events are complex meteorological phenomena that help chart the effects of climate change and impact many critical environmental processes including hydrologic and biogeographic systems. Daily snow maps, derived from MODIS imagery, provide managers and researchers with vital snow cover information, but only at spatial scales of 500 m or more. Finer resolution time series maps, however, retain large temporal gaps, particularly during recurrent cloud cover. This paper’s authors have developed the novel algorithm MODSAT-NDSI to harness the strengths of both coarse and finer spatial resolution imagery by fusing MODIS and Landsat normalized difference snow index (NDSI) data. Daily 30 m snow cover maps were thus generated for 2000 – 2017 with an overall accuracy of 90%, using 33 validation sites distributed throughout south-central British Columbia. Snow cover trends were analyzed across stratified elevation bands and land cover types, revealing that snow cover persists under lower elevation forests for an average of 23.5 d longer than in adjacent open areas during spring. We conclude that the MODSAT-NDSI approach captures temporal and spatial advantages of freely available snow cover datasets and can be modified to suit a variety of novel investigations relating to snow cover or other spectral indices.

Aleh Dashkevich, Volha Dashuk, Beata Dzianowicz et al.

15 Minutes: Belarus!

W. Schuhr, J. D. Lee, St. Kiel

This paper on providing "oo-information" (= objective object-information) on cultural monuments and sites, based on 3D photographs is also a contribution of CIPA task group 3 to the 2013 CIPA Symposium in Strasbourg.<br><br> To stimulate the interest in 3D photography for scientists as well as for amateurs, 3D-Masterpieces are presented.<br><br> Exemplary it is shown, due to their high documentary value ("near reality"), 3D photography support, e.g. the recording, the visualization, the interpretation, the preservation and the restoration of architectural and archaeological objects. This also includes samples for excavation documentation, 3D coordinate calculation, 3D photographs applied for virtual museum purposes and as educational tools. In addition 3D photography is used for virtual museum purposes, as well as an educational tool and for spatial structure enhancement, which in particular holds for inscriptions and in rock arts.<br><br> This paper is also an invitation to participate in a systematic survey on existing international archives of 3D photographs. In this respect it is also reported on first results, to define an optimum digitization rate for analog stereo views.<br><br> It is more than overdue, in addition to the access to international archives for 3D photography, the available 3D photography data should appear in a global GIS(cloud)-system, like on, e.g., google earth.<br><br> This contribution also deals with exposing new 3D photographs to document monuments of importance for Cultural Heritage, including the use of 3D and single lense cameras from a 10m telescope staff, to be used for extremely low earth based airborne 3D photography, as well as for "underwater staff photography". In addition it is reported on the use of captive balloon and drone platforms for 3D photography in Cultural Heritage.<br><br> It is liked to emphasize, the still underestimated 3D effect on real objects even allows, e.g., the spatial perception of extremely small scratches as well as of nuances in color differences.<br><br> Though 3D photographs are a well established basic photographic and photogrammetric tool, they are still a matter of research and practical improvement:<br><br> &ndash; For example, multistage concepts for 3D heritage photographs, e.g., combining before and aft images and images showing different focus, daytime etc., as well as combining 3D imagery of different sensors and comparing 3D imagery with drawings etc. and even standards for exposing and processing 3D heritage photographs are only some topics for recent research.<br><br> &ndash; To advise on state-of-the-art 3D visualisation methodology for Cultural heritage purposes an updated synoptically overview, even claiming completeness, also will be dealt with.<br><br> &ndash; 3D photographs increasingly should replace old fashioned subjective interpreted manual 2D drawings (in 2D only) of heritage monuments.<br><br> &ndash; Currently we are witnesses of early developments, showing Cultural Heritage objects in 3D crystal as well as in 3D printings.

J. M. Díaz, G. Díaz-Pulido, J. A. Sánchez

The Gulf of Urabá represents the southernmost portion of the Caribbean Sea. Due to the large amounts of sediment and freshwater discharged by the Atrato river and several minor streams, water conditions in the area are far from being optimal for coral settlement and growth. However, fringing and patch reefs are developed along the rocky shores of the northwest margin of the Gulf. Based on field observations performed at 44 sites (12 of them assessed quantitatively), interpretation of air photography of the area and depth profiles, the distribution, structure and zonation of the reefs are described. Classification analysis of the 12 sample sites yielded four coral assemblages: Diploria strigosa, crustose algae, Siderastrea siderea, Agaricia spp., and mixed massive corals. Other two assemblages, dominated respectively by Millepora complanata and thickets of Acropora palmata were noticed during reconnaissance dives. The distribution of these zones within the reef seems likely to be mainly controlled by wave exposure, bottom topography, sedimentation, and light penetration. Reef development, coral diversity and live coral cover increase along the coast in a SE-NW direction, with an evident maximum near to the cove of Sapzurro, suggesting an overall improvement of conditions for coral growth and settlement in that direction. A total of 33 species of hard corals were recorded during the survey. It is apparent that the live coral cover, particularly of foliose and branching species, has notably declined recently.

Ibrahim Jindary

The picture is not new to old and modern Arabic poetry, but it is in modern Arabic poetry more intense, as some modern poems reach a set of successive images. <br />However, Al-Sayyab, who is one of the pioneers of the modern Arab poetry movement, took special care of the image and made it accurately express his psyche; About his anxiety and permanent sorrow, about his expectation of death, and his attachment to life at the same time, about his self-concern - which applies to all his poems - and about the other concern that others share with him: the country, the wife, and the matters of daily life. The image at Al-Siyab was full of meaning, related to its psyche, with its most delicate psychological feelings <br />Anne mocks her to contain his contradictory states that are combined by one thread with a thread (special pain) that marked his poetic career. <br />And the poetic journey of poetry in the march of modern Arab poetry, not because he is the most pioneer of the movement of renewal in Arabic poetry, and because he is the most adherent to the image and more able to use it, but because the youth, despite his leadership, remained in close contact with the huge Arab poetic heritage, this contact that allowed the young person to The rarest poets of his generation are to benefit from all that benefits a medium in expressing pictures, and because Al Siyab is alerted early in his life to the achievements of the foreign poem in this field. And he was able to preserve his distinguished voice and develop his ability in photography, so he does not stop renewing the Arabic poem, nor does he radicalize it to locations that are far from the concerns of the Arab world. He was met with a lot of fatigue while holding this thin thread for the path of the modern Arabic poem and departing from the classic poem and the smart benefits of the achievements of the foreign poem <br />To find out the development of the image in Badr's poetry, it is necessary to pass somewhat swiftly on the image and its justifications, and its necessity is a natural entrance to reach the image when cursing. Using clothes for the photo. Therefore, the division of this research into three axes, divided by one another, came in response to the nature of the research and its directions, and these axes <br />A- In the technical picture <br />2.Types and technical image <br /> 3- The development of the image in his hair