Hasil untuk "Philosophy of religion. Psychology of religion. Religion in relation to other subjects"

Bilal Baş

Although Basil of Caesarea is commonly regarded as the founding figure of monasticism in Anatolia, by the time he undertook this work in the late 350s, monastic life had already made considerable progress and had begun to take institutional form. The leading figure in this development was Eustathius, bishop of Sebaste, who was about thirty years older than Basil and served as his spiritual guide. Eustathius was not renowned as an orator, but his spiritual charisma enabled him to persuade thousands in Anatolia to adopt the ascetic life. For these communities he established a structured program encompassing worship, fasting, manual labor, and charitable works. In contrast to the Egyptian model, which located monasteries in remote deserts and mountains, Eustathius situated his monastic communities within towns and cities, in close connection with the Church. Many of these features were later incorporated into Orthodox Byzantine monasticism, for which Basil came to be seen as the chief representative. The church historian Sozomen even describes Eustathius as the true founder of monasticism in Anatolia and suggests that he may have been the actual author of Basil’s ascetic writings. For much of their careers, Basil and Eustathius acted in concert. During the Arian controversy they aligned themselves with the Homoiousian bishops—those who professed the doctrine of the “similar essence”—a position then widespread in Anatolia. This group charted a middle course between the Nicene defenders of the “same essence” (homoousios) and the Anomoeans, who emphasized the dissimilarity of essence between Father and Son. Together with Macedonius of Constantinople and Basil of Ancyra, Eustathius emerged as one of the leading figures of this party; these people were also responsible for laying the theoretical and practical foundations of monasticism in Anatolia. The more extreme aspects of Eustathius’ ascetic program were condemned and prohibited at the Synod of Gangra (Çankırı) in the 350s. Nevertheless, he continued to serve as bishop of Sebaste, and it appears that some of the censured practices persisted in modified form. Basil initially followed Eustathius closely, both in ascetic practice and in doctrinal alignment. Yet in 373, together with his brother Gregory of Nyssa and his close friend Gregory of Nazianzus, Basil assumed leadership of the Neo-Nicene movement committed to the homoousios formula. After this shift, Basil and his allies distanced themselves from Eustathius, censured him, and effectively erased traces of their earlier association. Even so, the defining features of Byzantine monasticism—long attributed to Basil—owe their conceptual and practical origins to Eustathius. For this reason, he deserves more sustained scholarly attention. The present article seeks, on the basis of both primary sources and modern studies, to reconstruct the life of this significant figure, his ascetic vision, and his doctrinal stance.

Olha Dzhana

Wykaz prac dyplomowych napisanych pod kierunkiem o. prof. dr. hab. Bazylego Degórskiego OSPPE

Revista Española de Derecho Canónico

Portada

Maaike de Jong

Review of: Weir, T.H. & Wijnia, L. (Eds.) (2023) The Bloomsbury Handbook of Religion and Heritage in Contemporary Europe, Bloomsbury Publishing, United Kingdom, 472 pages, £117 (Hardcover), ISBN: ‎ 978-1350251380.

ماجد أبو غزالة

يمثل الكتاب حلقة متصلة في بناء شخصية الفرد؛ سلوكاً وفكراً ووجداناً، لا سيما أن المؤلفين حرصوا على الإفادة من البيئة الأكاديمية من خلال الاطلاع على أحدث الدراسات العلمية المتصلة بالتربية الوالدية، بما تتضمنه من بيانات ومقولات وتقارير ودراسة حالات، مع الإفادة من التجارب الشخصية للمؤلفين في بلاد الشرق والغرب. فالعالم الإسلامي بهذا الدين يمتاز بشموليته في مبادئه التطوّرية وقوة دفعه الحضارية، وما يتضمنه منهاجه من تعاليم حيوية خالدة. ولا بدّ أنْ تُترجَم هذه المبادئ إلى سلوك، فالسلوك الإيجابيّ القويم هو الترجمة العملية للاعتقادات والتصورات، وهو الثمرة المرتجاة لنضج الوعي الفردي والجَمْعيّ في الحسِّ والشعور، فينتقل كلام التنـزيل الإلهي من صفحات الورق إلى صحائف القلوب، وينعكس أداء وعملاً خلّاقاً في الواقع، وترجمة حيّة في معاش الخلق وتعاملاتهم مع شركائهم في البيت والمجتمع والإنسانية الممتدة في عروق المكان والزمان.

Tadeusz Gacia

W opracowaniu omawia się wybrane aspekty współczesnej Latinitas ecclesiastica, szczególnie jej odmiany zwanej Latinitas curialis, w dziewięciu listach gratulacyjnych papieża Benedykta XVI. Autor analizuje słownictwo dotyczące głównego tematu listów – święceń kapłańskich i biskupich oraz ich jubileuszów, a także występowanie cursus, czyli systemu kadencji rytmicznych polegających na odpowiednim następowaniu sylab akcentowanych  i nieakcentowanych. Określenia święceń oraz ich rocznic pochodzą z dawnych tekstów źródłowych, tylko w mniejszym stopniu jest to słownictwo nowe; formuły błogosławieństw papieskich zamykających listy zachowują niezmienny kształt literacki, tradycyjne słownictwo i takąż stylistykę. Cursus obecny w łacinie kurii papieskiej, z niewielkimi przerwami, od końca antyku, w analizowanych listach występuje w swych czterech odmianach: cursus planus, velox, tardus i trispondaicus.

Latiful Husna, Alfi Julizun Azwar, Ahmad Soleh Sakni

One form of faith is to believe that Allah has the attributes He wants. Of course there must be clear communication to the servant and his Lord so that the two activities are integrated in achieving true faith. Therefore, the researcher also aims to find out and examine how the Central Aqidah thought of Imam Abul Hasan Al-Asy'ari in the case of the Khabariyah Nature of Allah in analyzing the book of Al-Ibanah An Ushul Ad Diyanah. The questions to be answered through this research are How are the various characteristics of Allah's Khabariyah in Al-Ibanah An Ushul Ad Diyanah?,  What are the thoughts of Imam Abul Hasan Al-Asy'ari about the nature of Allah's Khabariyah in the book of Al-Ash'ari. Ibanah 'An Ushulid Diyanah?, How to Approach the Interpretation of the Khabariyah Nature of Allah in the Book of Al-Ibanah' An Ushulid Diyanah? to answer these questions, the researchers used a library approach. The research method used is library research. The primary data source is the book of Al-Ibanah An Ushul Ad Diyanah and the secondary data is the translation of Al-Ibanah An Ushul Ad Diyanah and other books that are relevant and relevant to the topic of discussion. The data analysis technique in this study used descriptive analysis methods and content analysis methods. The results of this study that can be concluded are that the nature of Allah's Khabariyah is what is meant according to His word, the meaning He wants, the meaning that is purified from touching, dwelling, residing, directional and moving as well as meaning that is far from all the nature of creatures like Allah. have hands, feet, eyes and face. In determining these properties, Al-Asy'ari uses two method approaches, namely the tafwidh and takwil methods.   Keywords: Khabariyah Nature of Allah, Kitab Al-Ibanah 'An Ushulid Diyanah

Almudena Juárez Rodríguez

Robert E. Carter

Religion in Japan is multi‐faceted and draws from two primary sources: Shintō and Buddhism. Japan's early indigenous cults together with Buddhist sources became Shintō, and while it eschews theory and intellectualization, it serves as a major stream of culture and its practices. Buddhism already flourishing in China before coming to Japan became the other major cultural influence.In addition to Shintō, the work of Nishida Kitarō, Tanabe Hajime of the Pure Land Buddhist tradition, Keiji Nishitani's Zen‐inspired religious philosophy, and the dramatic “spiritual atheism” of Hisamatsu Shin'ichi are considered in some detail. What emerges from all of these traditions is that they considered direct experience and not belief to be paramount. Religious experience and not theory or belief is the heart of religion in Japan.

عبد الحليم مهورباشة

يُناقِش الجزء الأوَّل من هذا البحث مفهوم الإنسان في العلوم الاجتماعية بتبيان سمات النموذج الدنياني، وكيف تمَّ الفصل بين هذا المفهوم ومفهوم الدِّين في العلوم الاجتماعية الغربية، مشيراً إلى المصادر المعرفية الـمُؤسِّسة لهذا النموذج المعرفي، وكيف انبثقت عنها أربعة مبادئ معرفية لمفهوم الإنسان، عملت على تناوُل هذا المفهوم في العلوم الاجتماعية الغربية. أمّا الجزء الثاني من البحث فيُناقِش مفهوم النموذج الائتماني وأهم خصائصه المعرفية، ويُبيِّن كيفية إعادة الوصل بين الدِّين ومفهوم الإنسان في العلوم الاجتماعية البديلة، ويتناول أهم المصادر المعرفية الـمُؤسِّسة لهذا النموذج. وقد خلُص البحث إلى ذكر المبادئ المعرفية لمفهوم الإنسان في العلوم الاجتماعية، التي يُمثِّل النموذج الائتماني إطارها المرجعي، وهي: الإنسان وتعدُّد مراتب الوجود، والإنسان وتعدُّد مراتب العقلانيات، والإنسان وتعدُّد مراتب الأخلاق، والإنسان والعلاقات الاجتماعية الرحيمة. The first part of this paper discusses the concept of Man in social sciences by revealing the characteristics of the secular model and how this concept and the concept of religion were separated in Western social sciences. This part also refers to the epistemological sources of this model, and the principles emerged from it. The second part of the paper discusses the concept of the trust model and its main epistemological characteristics. It shows how to reconnect religion to the human concept in alternative social sciences. It also deals with the most important epistemological sources of this model. The paper concludes by identifying four principles of the human concept based on the trust model as a frame of reference. The principles are: human and multiple levels of existence, human and multiple ranks of rationality, human and the multiplicity of levels of ethics, and human and compassionate social relations.

Daniel K. Listijabudi

This article (part two) evaluates the examples given from the works of Asian theologians (in part one) by considering their hermeneutical positions in the inter-scriptural discussion through the insights of the theology of religions and interreligious hospitality. Herewith, the insights of theology of religion as a critical lens. The next step is an elaboration of the examples through this lens. Afterwards, the historical developments behind the cross-textual reading are also briefly searched. The following discussions include Archie Lee’s approach which emphasizes (a) the relation between text and the context of readers within their Asian hybrid set of locations as well as (b) the process of interrelating the two texts with each other. Some critical remarks as well as constructive contributions to the post-colonial bible reading and Indonesian contextual reading are raised. At last, this article offers a hermeneutical standpoint by elaborating how a cross-textual reading of sacred texts can function as an important instrument within the field of interreligious dialogue.

مهدی مردانی (گلستانی)

بر پایه اندیشه شیعه، فعل معصوم یکی از منابع استنباط آموزه­های دینی است که به دلیل عدم شناخت ابعاد کارآمدی آن و نیز گرایش حداکثری به سنت قولی، آن‌چنان‌که باید مورد توجه قرار نگرفته است. یکی از راه­های توسعه قلمرو بهره‌گیری از سنت فعلی در استنباط، تبیین مبانی و پیش‌فرض‌هایی است که پذیرش آنها موجب افزایش کارکرد فعل معصوم در استنباط آموزه­های دینی می­گردد. پژوهش حاضر تلاش دارد تا به روش تحلیلی ـ اکتشافی یک باور بنیادین که بر پایه قلمرو فعل معصوم استوار گردیده است را تقریر، و پی­آمد پذیرش آن را تبیین کند. نتیجه پژوهش حکایت از آن دارد که باور به دینی بودن همه افعال معصوم از مبانی مؤثر در توسعه استنباط از فعل معصوم است که پذیرش آن موجب توسعه قلمرو کارکرد فعل معصوم در آموزه‌هایی چون: اعتقادی، اقتصادی، تربیتی و نظامی می­گردد.

José Ángel Ceballos Amandi

Esta reflexión busca clarificar el concepto mismo de una ética profesional, esbozando un breve recorrido que sirva de referencia básica para clarificar sus fundamentos, temas y finalidades. Se trata así de distinguir en primer  entre normativa deontológica y ética propiamente dicha. Para a continuación  analizar cuáles son las vías de relación entre profesión y ética.

Ireneusz Milewski

The above article discusses one of the aspects of the Vandals’ religious policy in Africa, that is, deportations of Catholic bishops ordered by the Vandal kings. Of course, the Vandal kings were Arians and the fact itself defined their attitude towards Catholic clergy in North Africa, which they occupied. Describing the background of these depor­tations, their course and other repression which befell Catholic clergy (and the faithful) in Africa in the middle of the fifth century, we can only rely on the sources of Catholic authors, who had a negative attitude to the Vandals and their leaders. They portrayed them as crude and bloodthirsty tyrants, or even as psychopaths. Discussing the deportations of bishops in the reign of Genseric and Huneric, the back­ground of the events was also presented. It was deduced that the underlying reason for the persecution of Catholics was the Vandals’ urge to consolidate their power in Africa. The bishops deprived of their seats were deported by the Vandal kings to Numidia (to the grounds controlled by the Moors) or to the islands of the Mediterranean Sea (Corsica, Sardegna) which belonged to the Vandals’ state. There they were forced to hard physical work (work on the land, cutting down trees used to build ships). Many of them, however, did not reach the assigned places of exile – they died on the way from physical exhaustion.

Piotr Rosiński

Der Artikel weist auf drei Arten der frühesten Darstellungen des Kreuzes hin: crux dissimulata, die sogenannten Monograme und das lateinische Kreuz. Die gesammelten Darstellungen, die sich auf den christlichen Grabobiekten befinden, sind im Licht der patristischen Quellen interpretiert.

Stanisław Longosz

recenzja

Waldemar Turek

L'esegesi proposta da Ilario di Poitiers nei suo Commentario a Matteo, scritto prima del soggiorno in Oriente, tende a scoprire soprattutto il senso spirituale dei testo biblico, pur apprezzando il ruolo e l’importanza della interpretazione letterale. Iiario e convinto che tutti e due i sensi si compietino a vicenda, tutti e due costituiscano un'unica parola di Dio.

Marek Starowieyski

En revenant au celebre roman de H. Sienkiewicz nous constatons, que l’ opinion des auteurs des apocryphes est contraire a celle de H. Sienkiewicz: il affirme que Christe doit substituer Pierre fuyant de la Ville, tandis que les auteurs des apocryphes affirment que Christe revient pour souffrir en Pierre comme il souffre dans ses elus, les martyrs.

Stanisław Koczwara

recenzja