Hasil untuk "Otorhinolaryngology"

Ting‐Shen Lin, Chang‐Yo Pan, Shih‐Wei Chen et al.

ABSTRACT Objectives To assess the clinical practicality, procedural characteristics, and short‐term recovery outcomes of single‐port transoral robotic surgery (SP TORS) for diverse head and neck pathologies, including malignancies, benign tumors, and obstructive sleep apnea, in a regional hospital setting in Taiwan. Methods A prospective case series was conducted at a regional teaching hospital from May to July 2025. Twelve patients underwent SP TORS utilizing the da Vinci SP system. Indications spanned oncologic, nononcologic, and functional conditions. Detailed perioperative data were collected, including exposure management, docking and console durations, blood loss, and complication profiles. Postoperative recovery trajectories, such as ICU admission, nasogastric support, and hospitalization length, were analyzed. Results All operations were successfully completed using the single‐port platform without conversion or reoperation. Docking was efficient, with a median time of 4.5 min (range 4–11 min) and median console time of 71 min (range 18–150). Most procedures involved minimal intraoperative bleeding; only two required more substantial hemostasis. Enhanced workspace around the oropharynx was noted, improving assistant access. Postsurgical outcomes were favorable: no tracheostomies were needed and half of the patients avoided nasogastric tube insertion. Hospital stays varied by case complexity, with no major adverse events reported. Conclusion SP TORS can be effectively introduced in mid‐volume institutions, demonstrating technical reliability, ergonomic benefits, and safe patient recovery. Its versatility across a spectrum of indications suggests broad clinical utility, warranting further multicenter studies to define long‐term outcomes and expand implementation. Level of Evidence IV.

Ghada Tarek Orabi, Gina Elpatrik, Heba Tallah Sherif Abd El Hady et al.

Abstract Introduction Primitive reflexes are sensory motor reflexes that serve as the foundation of early motor milestones; their persistence indicates a lag in the maturation of higher cortical functions. Speech sound disorder related to errors in phonological development reflects an underlying language development and deficits in phonological and audiological processing. Speech intelligibility reflects the extent of proper sound pronunciation and communicative efficiency. Aim of this work To assess the correlation between speech sound disorder via speech intelligibility and retained primitive reflexes in children between ages 3 and 12. Methods Thirty-two children aged 3.4–9, 18 with phonological SSD and 14 with typical phonological development underwent speech intelligibility tests and primitive reflex assessment. Results A significant correlation was found between retained reflexes, e.g., spinal Galant, Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR), and Symmetrical Tonic Reflex (STNR), and speech intelligibility. Also, this study found a specific relation between certain sounds and others with some reflexes and others, e.g., the Galant reflex correlated the most with speech intelligibility parameters, ATNR with back sound words, and STNR with frontal sound words, suggesting further interactions between the dynamics of speech sound production and retained reflexes in speech sound sequencing. Conclusion Retained primitive reflexes could play a potential role in language perception and production.

Karen Tsai, Katerina Arca, Philip H. G. Ituarte et al.

Abstract Objectives Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most frequent subtype of thyroid cancer with overall favorable survival. Currently, little is known about the PTC experience within the United States (U.S.) Armenians. We performed the first study comparing clinicopathologic variables and clinical outcomes of U.S. Armenian PTC patients to a matched control group of non‐Armenians. Methods We performed a single‐center, retrospective, case–control study of adult Armenian PTC patients who received care at COH from 2005 to 2022. Armenian ethnicity was determined by surnames ending in “‐ian” and “‐yan”. We report and compare clinicopathologic presentation and disease outcomes with a gender‐ and age‐matched control non‐Armenian population. Results Fifty‐eight Armenian patients comprised our study cohort. Positive margin status (p = .038), angioinvasion (p = .006), and extrathyroidal extension (p = .014) were more prevalent in the Armenian population. Higher rates of both persistent disease and death due to disease were seen in the Armenians regardless of age groupings. Multivariable analysis revealed significant impact of Armenian status on outcomes. Calculated 5‐ and 10‐ year disease‐specific survival rates in the Armenian cohort were 88% and 73.2%, respectively, compared with 100% and 94.6% in the non‐Armenian group (p < .002). The 5‐ and 10‐ year progression‐free survival was worse in the Armenian group at 61.8% and 50.1%, respectively, compared with 87.5% and 87.5% in the non‐Armenian group (p < .001). Conclusion Armenian PTC patients displayed more aggressive disease than non‐Armenians. In addition, Armenian PTC patients had higher incidence of disease relapse and worse clinical outcomes. Level of Evidence 5

Nyara Rodrigues Conde de Almeida, Lívia Guerreiro de Barros Bentes, Maria Fernanda de Almeida Cavalcante Aranha et al.

ABSTRACT Introduction: historically, surgical medical specialties are mostly male, a scenario which, in recent years, has undergone changes. In this sense, despite the relevance of the growth of female participation in the medical career, little is discussed about the distribution between genders of the main surgical medical specialties in the country. Objective: discuss the process of feminization in surgical specialties in Brazil over the last few years, tracing a distribution profile of these specialties. Methods: this is a retrospective and cross-sectional study with secondary data from the Censuses of Medical Demography in Brazil in the years 2011, 2013, 2015, 2018, 2020 and 2023, including the surgical specialties: Urology, Orthopedics and Traumatology, Thoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Digestive System Surgery, Cardiovascular Surgery, Hand Surgery, General Surgery, Head and Neck Surgery, Vascular Surgery, Plastic Surgery, Ophthalmology, Coloproctology, Otorhinolaryngology, Pediatric Surgery, and Gynecology and Obstetrics. Results: males prevails in numbers, among the surgical specialties, however, with a lower growth rate compared to females. Specialties such as urology, orthopedics and traumatology and neurosurgery are mostly male, while gynecology and obstetrics are female. Conclusion: it is evident that female participation in the surgical medical field has increased significantly over the last few years.

Ali Abdullah Alshehri

Introduction Septorhinoplasty operates on the nose's bone and cartilage and is ensued by severe postoperative pain.

Dae Woo Kim, Seung Koo Yang

Copyright © 2022 by Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol. 15, No. 2: 125-126, May 2022 https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2022.00612

Minsu Kwon

Copyright © 2022 by Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol. 15, No. 4: 297-298, November 2022 https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2022.01445

Laura Lahdentausta, Enni Sanmark, Saku Lauretsalo et al.

Background: Suspected aerosol-generating dental instruments may cause risks for operators by transmitting pathogens, such as the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The aim of our study was to measure aerosol generation in various dental procedures in clinical settings. Methods: The study population comprised of 84 patients who underwent 253 different dental procedures measured with Optical Particle Sizer in a dental office setting. Aerosol particles from 0.3 to 10 μm in diameter were measured. Dental procedures included oral examinations (N = 52), restorative procedures with air turbine handpiece (N = 8), high-speed (N = 6) and low-speed (N = 30) handpieces, ultrasonic scaling (N = 31), periodontal treatment using hand instruments (N = 60), endodontic treatment (N = 12), intraoral radiographs (N = 24), and dental local anesthesia (N = 31). Results: Air turbine handpieces significantly elevated <1 μm particle median (p = 0.013) and maximum (p = 0.016) aerosol number concentrations as well as aerosol particle mass concentrations (p = 0.046 and p = 0.006) compared to the background aerosol levels preceding the operation. Low-speed dental handpieces elevated >5 μm median (p = 0.023), maximum (p = 0.013) particle number concentrations,> 5 μm particle mass concentrations (p = 0.021) and maximum total particle mass concentrations (p = 0.022). High-speed dental handpieces elevated aerosol concentration levels compared to the levels produced during oral examination. Conclusions: Air turbine handpieces produced the highest levels of <1 μm aerosols and total particle number concentrations when compared to the other commonly used instruments. In addition, high- and low-speed dental handpieces and ultrasonic scalers elevated the aerosol concentration levels compared to the aerosol levels measured during oral examination. These aerosol-generating procedures, involving air turbine, high- and low-speed handpiece, and ultrasonic scaler, should be performed with caution. Clinical significance: Aerosol generating dental instruments, especially air turbine, should be used with adequate precautions (rubber dam, high-volume evacuation, FFP-respirators), because aerosols can cause a potential risk for operators and substitution of air turbine for high-speed dental handpiece in poor epidemic situations should be considered to reduce the risk of aerosol transmission.

Dogan Cakan, Semih Usaklioglu

Aim:Some symptoms of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) are more common in patients without pulmonary involvement and in patients with a good prognosis. Although it is known that smelling disorders are more common in patients with a good prognosis, their relationship with pulmonary involvement is unknown. This study ianvestigated the relationship between smell disorders and pulmonary involvement in COVID-19.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted between May 2022 and July 2022 and included 60 COVID-19 patients with pulmonary involvement and 60 COVID-19 patients without pulmonary involvement. Phone-call interviews were performed with all patients 1 month after the diagnosis of COVID-19 and their sense of smell was questioned with a questionnaire. The prevalence of smell disorders, type and severity of smell disorders were questioned, and participants were asked to grade their answers from 0 to 10.Results:In 58 (48.3%) of the patients, smell disorders were found to be present. Hyposmia was detected in 35 (60.34%), and anosmia was detected in 23 (39.66%) of these patients. Smell disorder was present in 20 (33.3%) patients with pulmonary involvement and in 38 (63.3%) patients without pulmonary involvement. The prevalence of smell disorders was significantly higher in patients without pulmonary involvement (p=0.001). Hyposmia in 15 patients (25%) and anosmia in 5 patients (8.3%) were found in patients with pulmonary involvement. Hyposmia in 20 patients (33.3%) and anosmia in 5 patients (8.3%) were found in patients without pulmonary involvement. The prevalence of anosmia was significantly higher in patients without pulmonary involvement (p=0.003). The smell disorders were significantly more severe in patients without pulmonary involvement (p=0.042).Conclusion:Smell disorders are seen more frequently and more severely in patients without pulmonary involvement due to COVID-19 than in patients with pulmonary involvement.

De-Pei Yin, Yu-Fan Zheng, Peng Sun et al.

Abstract It is urgent to identify and validate biomarkers for early diagnosis and efficient treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Recent studies have proposed p38 gamma (p38γ) as a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-like kinase that phosphorylates retinoblastoma (Rb) to promote cyclins expression and tumorigenesis. Here the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database and results from the local NPC tissues demonstrate that p38γ is significantly upregulated in NPC tissues, correlating with poor overall survival. Furthermore, p38γ mRNA and protein expression is elevated in established NPC cell lines (CNE-1 HONE-1 and CNE-2) and primary human NPC cells, but low expression detected in human nasal epithelial cells. In established and primary NPC cells, p38γ depletion, using the shRNA strategy or the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing method, largely inhibited cell growth, proliferation and migration, and induced significant apoptosis activation. Contrarily, ectopic p38γ overexpression exerted opposite activity and promoted NPC cell proliferation and migration. Retinoblastoma (Rb) phosphorylation and cyclin E1/A expression were decreased in NPC cells with p38γ silencing or knockout, but increased after p38γ overexpression. Moreover, mitochondrial subcellular p38γ localization was detected in NPC cells. Significantly, p38γ depletion disrupted mitochondrial functions, causing mitochondrial depolarization, reactive oxygen species production, oxidative injury and ATP depletion in NPC cells. In vivo, intratumoral injection of adeno-associated virus-packed p38γ shRNA potently inhibited primary human NPC xenograft growth in nude mice. In p38γ shRNA virus-injected NPC xenograft tissues, p38γ expression, Rb phosphorylation, cyclin E1/A expression and ATP levels were dramatically decreased. Taken together, we conclude that p38γ overexpression is required for NPC cell growth, acting as a promising therapeutic target of NPC.

Lívia Noleto de Rezende Oliveira, Cleydson Lucena de Andrada Oliveira, Karen de Carvalho Lopes et al.

Introduction: Meniere's disease is a labyrinth disease that usually presents with episodes of spontaneous vertigo associated with sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus and ipsi- and unilateral aural fullness in most cases. Vestibular function tests, video-head-impulse test and the caloric test, are not specific for diagnosis of the disease, but may show alterations that help to evaluate the functional impairment. Objective: To describe the results obtained at the caloric test and video-head-impulse test in patients with definite Meniere's disease and compare them between symptomatic, asymptomatic ears and those of the control group. Methods: Cross-sectional and observational study including patients with definite Meniere's disease diagnosed according to the Bárány Society criteria (2015) and healthy individuals (control group) undergoing caloric test and video-head-impulse test. All subjects were assessed by neurotological anamnesis and audiological evaluation (pure-tone, vocal and immittance audiometry) to characterize the sample. The findings obtained at the caloric test and video-head-impulse test were described and compared between the symptomatic and asymptomatic ears of patients with Meniere's disease and those of the control group. Results: Thirty-two patients with definite Meniere's disease were evaluated, with a mean age of 45.7 years, mostly females (68.8%) and unilateral disease. The control group consisted of 20 healthy individuals, with a mean age of 44.7 years, mostly females (70.0%). The groups were homogeneous in relation to age and gender. The patients’ main complaint was vertigo (71.9%), and most patients had more than six episodes in the last six months (71.9%). Moderate sensorineural hearing loss was present in 38.5% of patients. The prevalence of hyporeflexia at the caloric test was higher in symptomatic (56.4%) and asymptomatic (36%) ears of patients with Meniere's disease compared to the ears of control subjects (7.5%), p < 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively. Video-head-impulse test alterations in the lateral semicircular canals were more frequent in the symptomatic ears of patients with Meniere's disease than in the ears of control subjects (p = 0.026). Conclusion: Most patients with definite Meniere's disease showed hyporeflexia at the caloric test and video-head-impulse test with normal function in the symptomatic ear. Vestibular hyporeflexia at the caloric test was more frequent in the symptomatic and asymptomatic ears of patients with Meniere's disease than in the control group. The video-head-impulse test showed more alterations in the lateral semicircular canals.

Yuyang Mao, Ivan Pechenizkiy, Thomas Stieglitz et al.

The most common failure mode of implantable neural implants has been delamination of layers in compound structures and encapsulations in a wet body environment. Current knowledge of failure mechanisms of adhesion and its standardized test procedures are lacking and must be established. This study demonstrated a combined experimental and numerical method to investigate the residual stresses from one of the most common encapsulation materials, silicone rubber (polydimethylsiloxane-PDMS) during the coating process at elevated temperatures. Measured shrinkage of test specimen correlates well to a modified shrinkage model using thermal-mechanical finite element method (FEM) simulation. All simulated interfacial stresses show stress concentration at the PDMS coating front depending on curing temperature and coating thickness, while Griffith’s condition estimated the delamination of the coating front. This study emphasizes the understanding of the interfacial delamination giving the possibility to predict failure mode of neural interface.

Katrin Radeloff, Dorothee Weiss, Rudolf Hagen et al.

Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) are a promising cell source for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches for cartilage replacement. For chondrogenic differentiation, human (h)ASCs were seeded on three-dimensional polyurethane (PU) fibrin composites and induced with a chondrogenic differentiation medium containing TGF-ß3, BMP-6, and IGF-1 in various combinations. In addition, in vitro predifferentiated cell-seeded constructs were implanted into auricular cartilage defects of New Zealand White Rabbits for 4 and 12 weeks. Histological, immunohistochemical, and RT-PCR analyses were performed on the constructs maintained in vitro to determine extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and expression of specific cartilage markers. Chondrogenic differentiated constructs showed a uniform distribution of cells and ECM proteins. RT-PCR showed increased gene expression of collagen II, collagen X, and aggrecan and nearly stable expression of SOX-9 and collagen I. Rabbit (r)ASC-seeded PU-fibrin composites implanted in ear cartilage defects of New Zealand White Rabbits showed deposition of ECM with structures resembling cartilage lacunae by Alcian blue staining. However, extracellular calcium deposition became detectable over the course of 12 weeks. RT-PCR showed evidence of endochondral ossification during the time course with the expression of specific marker genes (collagen X and RUNX-2). In conclusion, hASCs show chondrogenic differentiation capacity in vitro with the expression of specific marker genes and deposition of cartilage-specific ECM proteins. After implantation of predifferentiated rASC-seeded PU-fibrin scaffolds into a cartilage defect, the constructs undergo the route of endochondral ossification.

Amirhossein Babaei, Kamyar Iravani, Behzad Malekpour et al.

Abstract Objectives The present study aimed to assess the 4‐ and 8‐week recovery rate of anosmia and determine the factors associated with recovery in COVID‐19 patients. Method This retrospective study was conducted from December 2020 to March 2021. RT‐PCR‐proven COVID‐19 adult patients (over 18 years of age) with a positive history of anosmia were included in this study. Anosmia was assessed based on the COVID‐19 Anosmia Reporting Tool. The recovery rate of anosmia after 4 and 8 weeks were evaluated, and the relationship between the patients' recovery and their clinical and demographic data was assessed. Results A total of 235 patients were included. Their mean age (±SD) was 43.95 ± 15.27 years. Anosmia recovery was reported in 207(88.51%) and 219 (93.19%) participants till 4 and 8 weeks. The mean recovery time was 19.42 ± 8.81 days. The result of logistic regression showed that smoking (P = .031; OR = 10.813), ageusia (P = .002; OR = 5.340), headache (P = .006; OR = 0.243), and nasal discharge (P < .001; OR = 0.080) were significantly associated with 4 weeks anosmia recovery. The only risk factor which was associated with a lower rate of 8 weeks anosmia recovery was presence of nasal discharge (OR = 0.106, P = .002). Conclusion The only risk factor which was associated with a lower rate of 8 weeks anosmia recovery was presence of nasal discharge. Our result demonstrated that although smoking was associated with higher recovery rate till 4 weeks, it could not be considered as a protective factor after 8 weeks. More studies are recommended to investigate the relationship between anosmia and the associated factors by consideration of both short‐ and long‐term recovery rates and assess the possible mechanisms that could justify this association. Levels of Evidence 3b

S. Swain, S. Acharya, Nibi Sahajan

COVID-19 is an infectious respiratory disease caused by a novel virus severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2. Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 range from asymptomatic or flue such as symptoms to severe dyspnea or breathlessness. The combination of the symptoms such as anosmia, persistent cough, fever, fatigue, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and lack of appetite are commonly found in CVOID-19 patients. The symptomatology due to otorhinolaryngological manifestations is often by respiratory tract infections and predominantly found for consultation at otorhinolaryngology clinic. Otorhinolaryngological manifestations are usually associated with aerosol producing symptoms and so highly contagious in very short period. It is need to identify the patient with symptoms and rightly pinpoint to infect individuals. This review article focuses on the otorhinolaryngological manifestations and its implications in early transmission of the COVID-19 along with the preventions. This article will surely increase awareness among the frontliner clinicians and help them to protect themselves along with early suspicion of cases before spreading the diseases to community.

Hyun-Joo Lee, K. Lee, Dong-Kyu Kim

Abstract The levels of indoor air pollutants are increasing. However, the indoor air quality of only operating rooms, intensive care units, and radiology departments is usually monitored in hospitals. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the indoor air quality of an otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic and compare air quality indices among different areas in a hospital. We prospectively measured indoor air quality using air quality sensors in different areas of a hospital from February 1, 2019 to January 31, 2020. Carbon dioxide (CO2), total volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter with diameter of <2.5 μm (PM2.5), and nitrogen dioxide concentrations were measured in the otorhinolaryngology clinic, orthopedic clinic, and reception area. The intervention efficacy was compared between otorhinolaryngology clinics employing and not employing air-cleaners. The overall concentrations of CO2, VOCs, and PM2.5 in the otorhinolaryngology clinic were significantly higher than those in the orthopedic clinic or reception area. The indoor air quality was the worst in winter. The intervention effect was observed only in PM2.5 concentrations in otorhinolaryngology clinics employing an air-cleaner. Medical practitioners and patients are frequently exposed to ambient indoor air pollution in otorhinolaryngology clinics. Hence, health-related strategies to protect against ambient indoor air pollution in otorhinolaryngology clinics are warranted.

Caroline Lekszas, Ombretta Foresti, Ishier Raote et al.

The transport and Golgi organization 1 (TANGO1) proteins play pivotal roles in the secretory pathway. Full length TANGO1 is a transmembrane protein localised at endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit sites, where it binds bulky cargo within the ER lumen and recruits membranes from the ER Golgi intermediate compartment to create an exit route for their export. Here we report the first TANGO1-associated syndrome in humans. A synonymous substitution that results in exon eight skipping in most mRNA molecules, ultimately leading to a truncated TANGO1 protein was identified as disease-causing mutation. The four homozygously affected sons of a consanguineous family display severe dentinogenesis imperfecta, short stature, various skeletal abnormalities, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, sensorineural hearing loss, and mild intellectual disability. Functional studies in HeLa and U2OS cells revealed that the corresponding truncated TANGO1 protein is dispersed in the ER and its expression in cells with intact endogenous TANGO1 impairs cellular collagen I secretion.

Juliana Maria Gazzola, Heloísa Helena Caovilla, Flávia Doná et al.

Introduction: Postural instability is one the most common disabling features in vestibular disorders. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the limit of stability and the influence of manipulation of visual, somatosensorial and visual–vestibular information on postural control in older adults with vestibular disorder, with and without a history of falls. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Participants – 76 elderly patients with vestibular disorder (G1, without falls; G2, with falls) and 41 healthy elderly subjects (control group; CG). Using posturography, analyzed were limit of stability area, body center of pressure, and velocity of oscillation in the standing position in 10 conditions, including open/closed eyes, unstable surface with eyes closed, saccadic and optokinetic stimuli, and visual–vestibular interaction. Results: Limit of stability area in CG was better compared with G1-2, and center of pressure values were worse in G1 than in CG. Center of pressure area in all conditions and velocity of oscillation in the following conditions: open/closed eyes, optokinetic stimulation, and visual–vestibular interaction showed worse values in G2 than in CG. Center of pressure area in the following conditions: open/closed eyes, saccadic and optokinetic stimuli, visual–vestibular interaction, and unstable surface with eyes closed showed worse values in G2 than in G1. Conclusion: Older adults with vestibular disorder presented reduced limit of stability and increased postural sway in the following conditions: conflict between visual and somatosensory information and visual–vestibular interaction. Deterioration in postural control was significantly associated with history of falls. Resumo: Introdução: Instabilidade postural é uma das características incapacitantes mais comuns nos distúrbios vestibulares. Objetivo: Analisar o limite de estabilidade e a influência da manipulação de informações visuais, somatossensoriais e visuais-vestibulares no controle postural em idosos com disfunção vestibular, com e sem histórico de quedas. Método: Estudo transversal. Participantes: 76 idosos com distúrbios vestibulares (G1, sem quedas; G2, com quedas) e 41 idosos saudáveis (grupo controle; GC). Com o uso da posturografia, foram analisadas a área do limite de estabilidade, centro de pressão e velocidade de oscilação na posição ereta em 10 condições, incluindo olhos abertos/fechados, superfície instável com olhos fechados, estímulos sacádicos e optocinéticos e interação visual-vestibular. Resultados: A área de limite de estabilidade no GC foi melhor comparada com o G1-2 e os valores do centro de pressão foram piores no G1 do que no GC. A área do centro de pressão em todas as condições e a velocidade de oscilação nas seguintes condições: olhos abertos/fechados, estímulo optocinético e interação visual-vestibular mostraram valores piores no G2 do que no GC. A área do centro de pressão nas seguintes condições: olhos abertos/fechados, estímulos sacádicos e optocinéticos, interação visual-vestibular e superfície instável com olhos fechados apresentou valores piores no G2 do que no G1. Conclusão: Idosos com disfunção vestibular apresentaram redução de limite de estabilidade e aumento da oscilação postural nas seguintes condições: conflito entre informação visual e somatossensorial e interação visual-vestibular. A deterioração no controle postural foi significantemente associada ao histórico de quedas.

Ayotunde James Fasunla, Ebidisemere Linda Totyen, Paul Adekunle Onakoya et al.

Abstract Background Obstructive adenotonsillar enlargement is known to cause failure to thrive in children. The effect of adenotonsillectomy is not well documented on the growth of affected children. The study was carried out to investigate the effect of adenotonsillectomy on growth of children with obstructive adenotonsillar enlargement. It was a quasi-experimental study consisting of 62 children (≤ 12 years) with obstructive adenotonsillar enlargement and 62 healthy controls. Variables measured at baseline, sixth week and 13th week post adenotonsillectomy, were weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference, and triceps skinfold thickness. The percent of weight-for-age and height-for-age were, respectively, calculated by dividing the child’s weight and height by the median expected weight and height (i.e., the 50th percentile) based on the child’s chronological age. The obtained weight-for-age and height-for-age values were used to determine the presence of failure to thrive and stunting, respectively. Results Majority (70.6%) of the patients with malnutrition were from a low socioeconomic class. At baseline, failure to thrive and stunting were found among 17 (26.4%) cases and 11 (17.7%) controls, but the proportion reduced to six (9.7%) and three (4.8%), respectively, at the 13th week post adenotonsillectomy. There was a steady increase in weight-for-age, height-for-age, mid-upper arm circumference, and triceps skinfold thickness in both cases and controls from baseline to the 13th week. However, there was a significant difference in percentage variation of these variables between the two groups. Conclusions Adenotonsillectomy improved the growth of children with obstructive adenotonsillar enlargement and hence recommended in cases with failure to thrive and stunting.

Apar Pokharel

Foreign bodies are frequently encountered otorhinolaryngology emergency. The objective of this research paper is to analyze different foreign bodies in terms of type, site, age, and gender distribution and methods of removal. A retrospective study was performed from March, 2018 to March, 2019 in a tertiary care hospital in the central part of Nepal. The information was obtained from hospital record books. A total of 315 patients visited the hospital with a foreign body in either of their ear, nose or throat. It comprised of approximately 12% of all the ENT emergencies in the hospital in the last one year of study. Foreign bodies in ear, nose and throat region were found in all age groups, although it was more prevalent among children of age group less than 10 years.