Hasil untuk "Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry"

Qingyue Gan, Gelin Xu, Liming Cao et al.

Abstract A 61-year-old man presented with a non-tapered occlusion at the origin of the left vertebral artery, with the right vertebral artery failing to join the left vertebral artery to form the basilar artery, and basilar artery tip occlusion. Early antegrade endovascular recanalization attempts with microwires failed to traverse the occlusion at the left vertebral artery origin. Digital subtraction angiography revealed a well-developed left ascending cervical artery communicating with the V3 segment of the left vertebral artery. We adopted a retrograde endovascular recanalization strategy and, with adjunctive balloon angioplasty and stent placement, successfully reestablished patency of the left vertebral artery origin.

Maria Livanou, Anya Heneghan, Grace Hill et al.

Abstract Background The transition from Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) to Adult Mental Health Services (AMHS) presents significant challenges for young people with eating disorders and their families. These transitions often occur during critical periods of neurological, social-emotional development, and major life changes, all of which can influence broader psychosocial and treatment outcomes. This study represents the initial phase of a broader co-production project aimed at developing a new intervention model, Transition for Eating Disorder Youth intervention (TEDYi), and explored the lived experiences of young people, carers, and mental health professionals during transitions. Methods Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with young people (n = 6) and carers (n = 9), alongside two focus groups involving 12 mental health professionals. These took place across six NHS sites in England, including two adult and four adolescent specialist eating disorder services. Results The data were analysed with Reflexive Thematic Analysis (RTA) which revealed four key themes: navigating the complexity of transitions, we need carers involved, the shadow of separation, and suggestions for the TEDYi intervention related to coping strategies and self-management. Conclusions These findings have significant clinical implications for transitional care, emphasising the need for a more standardised and supportive approach to the transition from CAMHS to AMHS. The forthcoming intervention model seeks to address these challenges, with this study helping to prioritise key areas identified by TEDYi, which has been endorsed as a preparatory resource for enhancing clinical practice.

Tom Macpherson, A. Churchland, T. Sejnowski et al.

Neuroscience and artificial intelligence (AI) share a long history of collaboration. Advances in neuroscience, alongside huge leaps in computer processing power over the last few decades, have given rise to a new generation of in silico neural networks inspired by the architecture of the brain. These AI systems are now capable of many of the advanced perceptual and cognitive abilities of biological systems, including object recognition and decision making. Moreover, AI is now increasingly being employed as a tool for neuroscience research and is transforming our understanding of brain functions. In particular, deep learning has been used to model how convolutional layers and recurrent connections in the brain's cerebral cortex control important functions, including visual processing, memory, and motor control. Excitingly, the use of neuroscience-inspired AI also holds great promise for understanding how changes in brain networks result in psychopathologies, and could even be utilized in treatment regimes. Here we discuss recent advancements in four areas in which the relationship between neuroscience and AI has led to major advancements in the field; (1) AI models of working memory, (2) AI visual processing, (3) AI analysis of big neuroscience datasets, and (4) computational psychiatry.

Guangyu Cheng, Yu Zhao, Fujia Sun et al.

This investigation aims to elucidate the novel role of Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 (STIM1) in modulating store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) and its subsequent impact on inflammatory cytokine release in T lymphocytes, thereby advancing our understanding of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) pathogenesis. Employing the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we extracted microarray data pertinent to TN to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A subsequent comparison with SOCE-related genes from the Genecards database helped pinpoint potential target genes. The STRING database facilitated protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis to spotlight STIM1 as a gene of interest in TN. Through histological staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and behavioral assessments, we probed STIM1's pathological effects on TN in rat models. Additionally, we examined STIM1's influence on the SOCE pathway in trigeminal ganglion cells using techniques like calcium content measurement, patch clamp electrophysiology, and STIM1- ORAI1 co-localization studies. Changes in the expression of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) in T cells were quantified using Western blot (WB) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in vitro, while immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were applied in vivo to assess these cytokines and T cell count alterations. Our bioinformatic approach highlighted STIM1's significant overexpression in TN patients, underscoring its pivotal role in TN's etiology and progression. Experimental findings from both in vitro and in vivo studies corroborated STIM1's regulatory influence on the SOCE pathway. Furthermore, STIM1 was shown to mediate SOCE-induced inflammatory cytokine release in T lymphocytes, a critical factor in TN development. Supportive evidence from histological, ultrastructural, and behavioral analyses reinforced the link between STIM1-mediated SOCE and T lymphocyte-driven inflammation in TN pathogenesis. This study presents novel evidence that STIM1 is a key regulator of SOCE and inflammatory cytokine release in T lymphocytes, contributing significantly to the pathogenesis of trigeminal neuralgia. Our findings not only deepen the understanding of TN's molecular underpinnings but also potentially open new avenues for targeted therapeutic strategies.

K. Deisseroth, P. Hegemann

Iryna S. Palamarchuk, George M. Slavich, Tracy Vaillancourt et al.

In this narrative review, we examine biological processes linking psychological stress and cognition, with a focus on how psychological stress can activate multiple neurobiological mechanisms that drive cognitive decline and behavioral change. First, we describe the general neurobiology of the stress response to define neurocognitive stress reactivity. Second, we review aspects of epigenetic regulation, synaptic transmission, sex hormones, photoperiodic plasticity, and psychoneuroimmunological processes that can contribute to cognitive decline and neuropsychiatric conditions. Third, we explain mechanistic processes linking the stress response and neuropathology. Fourth, we discuss molecular nuances such as an interplay between kinases and proteins, as well as differential role of sex hormones, that can increase vulnerability to cognitive and emotional dysregulation following stress. Finally, we explicate several testable hypotheses for stress, neurocognitive, and neuropsychiatric research. Together, this work highlights how stress processes alter neurophysiology on multiple levels to increase individuals’ risk for neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders, and points toward novel therapeutic targets for mitigating these effects. The resulting models can thus advance dementia and mental health research, and translational neuroscience, with an eye toward clinical application in cognitive and behavioral neurology, and psychiatry.

D. Barch, A. Culbreth, J. Sheffield

Psychiatric research is undergoing significant advances in an emerging subspeciality of computational psychiatry, building on cognitive neuroscience research by expanding to neurocomputational modeling. Here, we illustrate some research trends in this domain using work on proactive cognitive control deficits in schizophrenia as an example. We provide a selective review of formal modeling approaches to understanding cognitive control deficits in psychopathology, focusing primarily on biologically plausible connectionist-level models as well as mathematical models that generate parameter estimates of putatively dissociable psychological or neural processes. We illustrate some of the advantages of these models in terms of understanding both cognitive control deficits in schizophrenia and the potential roles of effort and motivation. Further, we highlight critical future directions for this work, including a focus on establishing psychometric properties, additional work modeling psychotic symptoms and their interaction with cognitive control, and the need to expand both behavioral and neural modeling to samples that include individuals with different mental health conditions, allowing for the examination of dissociable neural or psychological substrates for seemingly similar cognitive impairments across disorders.

Tzu-Yu Hsu, Tzu-Yu Hsu, Hsin-Yi Wang et al.

The pupil constricts in response to an increase in global luminance level, commonly referred to as the pupil light reflex. Recent research has shown that these reflex responses are modulated by high-level cognition. There is larger pupil constriction evoked by a bright stimulus when the stimulus location spatially overlaps with the locus of attention, and these effects have been extended to saccade planning and working memory (here referred to as pupil local-luminance modulation). Although research in monkeys has further elucidated a central role of the frontal eye field (FEF) and superior colliculus in the pupil local-luminance modulation, their roles remain to be established in humans. Through applying continuous theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation over the right FEF (and vertex) to inhibit its activity, we investigated the role of the FEF in human pupil local-luminance responses. Pupil light reflex responses were transiently evoked by a bright patch stimulus presented during the delay period in the visual- and memory-delay tasks. In the visual-delay task, larger pupil constriction was observed when the patch location was spatially aligned with the target location in both stimulation conditions. More interestingly, after FEF stimulation, larger pupil constriction was obtained when the patch was presented in the contralateral, compared to the ipsilateral visual field of the stimulation. In contrast, FEF stimulation effects were absence in the memory-delay task. Linear mixed model results further found that stimulation condition, patch location consistency, and visual field significantly modulated observed pupil constriction responses. Together, our results constitute the first evidence of FEF modulation in human pupil local-luminance responses.

Amelie S. Lotz-Havla, Sabrina Katzdobler, Brigitte Nuscher et al.

To pave the way for healthy aging in early treated phenylketonuria (ETPKU) patients, a better understanding of the neurological course in this population is needed, requiring easy accessible biomarkers to monitor neurological disease progression in large cohorts. The objective of this pilot study was to investigate the potential of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament light chain (NfL) as blood biomarkers to indicate changes of the central nervous system in ETPKU. In this single-center cross-sectional study, GFAP and NfL concentrations in serum were quantified using the Simoa® multiplex technology in 56 ETPKU patients aged 6–36 years and 16 age matched healthy controls. Correlation analysis and hierarchical linear regression analysis were performed to investigate an association with disease-related biochemical parameters and retinal layers assessed by optical coherence tomography. ETPKU patients did not show significantly higher GFAP concentrations (mean 73 pg/ml) compared to healthy controls (mean 60 pg/ml, p = 0.140). However, individual pediatric and adult ETPKU patients had GFAP concentrations above the healthy control range. In addition, there was a significant association of GFAP concentrations with current plasma tyrosine concentrations (r = −0.482, p = 0.036), a biochemical marker in phenylketonuria, and the retinal inner nuclear layer volume (r = 0.451, p = 0.04). There was no evidence of NfL alterations in our ETPKU cohort. These pilot results encourage multicenter longitudinal studies to further investigate serum GFAP as a complementary tool to better understand and monitor neurological disease progression in ETPKU. Follow-up investigations on aging ETPKU patients are required to elucidate the potential of serum NfL as biomarker.

Chunfang Zan, Jianan Li, Fengsong Lin et al.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains one kind of devastating neurological damage, and specific molecular mechanisms involved need to be understood deeply. Currently, circular RNAs (circRNAs), as a newly discovered type of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), have been under active investigation. Through functional interactions with disease-associated microRNAs (miRNAs), exosome-derived circRNAs have been extensively implicated in various organ pathogenesis. Nevertheless, the functional involvement of circulating circRNAs in SCI onset, progression as well as repair remains poorly explored until now. Of note, there still lacks clinical and experimental evidence in this regard. To obtain some relevant knowledge in this field, this study was originally designed to have a general overview of differentially expressed circRNAs derived from circulating exosomes in SCI rats in comparison with the control rats. It turned out that 709 types of downregulated circRNAs and 346 kinds of upregulated circRNAs were preliminarily screened out. Functional enrichment analyses including kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway and gene ontology (GO) were performed to evaluate the possible biological functions of upregulated as well as downregulated circRNAs involved in SCI. Furthermore, five types of upregulated circulating circRNAs including chr4:208359914–208362182+, chr15:20088296–20092102+, chr1:175098934– 175134845–, chr1:175099657– 175128203–, and chr1:175104454– 175134845–, and plus five kinds of downregulated circulating circRNAs including chr11:74154652– 74159524–, chr12:45412398– 45412635–, chr7:137630261– 137648924–, chr6:6280974–6281188+, and chr4:225251864–225254087+, were verified through reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). At last, taking these differentially expressed circRNAs in the center, the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA gene interaction network was constructed to predict the possible functionalities of circRNAs in SCI through anticipating specific interactive miRNAs, giving new insights into how circRNAs contribute to this pathological process. Taken together, these findings suggest the possible involvement and functional significance of circRNAs in SCI.

Betsi Siti Nurhidayah, Mungin Eddy Wibowo, Edy Purwanto

Self-Confidence is a person's belief in all aspects of the advantages he has and that belief makes him feel able to achieve various goals in his life. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of CBT group counseling with symbolic modeling techniques and role play techniques on increasing students' self-confidence. This study used a pretest and multiple posttest designs. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 21 experimental subjects who were placed into three groups randomly so that each group consisted of seven students. The results of the mixed repeated measure ANOVA test showed that the CBT group counseling with symbolic modeling and role play techniques was effective in increasing students' self-confidence. This study found that the combination of symbolic modeling techniques and role play techniques shows interesting implications, so the implications of using this combination of techniques in group counseling practice are recommended in the implementation of CBT counseling.

C. Alvarez Garcia, A. Gomez Martín

Introduction Migratory flows are increasing more and more, especially regarding the refugee crisis during the last years. There are around 86,7 million migrants in Europe. Migrants share similar experiences that may affect their physical and mental health, such as loss of a social network, lack of economical support or high levels of stress and discrimination. Objectives To analyze the obstacles that migrants must face to obtain a mental health assistance and the importance of an intercultural approach. Methods A narrative review of the existing literature on the subject. Results Although there exists evidence that shows that migrants tend to have more health needs, they usually seek less medical advice and receive a poor-quality attention, fulfilling the inverse-care law. This is due to several reasons. Many migrants are excluded of the health care system due to bureaucratic impediments. Also, the language has a determining role, since a higher quality of communication could lead to a better understanding of the symptoms, reducing the risk of erroneous evaluations. Besides, different background and culture between the patient and the doctor can result in lack of communication, mistrust, mistreatment, poor adherence, and worse prognosis. Conclusions Despite the exponential growth of migration in the last decade and the continue progression, migrants still face many barriers to receive healthcare. It is necessary to do more research on the mental health of migrants and ethnic minorities to ensure quality care to different cultures. Disclosure No significant relationships.

Gul Arga, Hatice Gul Erkol, Esra Cakmak Taskin et al.

The clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection mainly involve the respiratory system. However, there is increasing evidence that this virus can affect other organs, causing a wide range of clinical symptoms. This is the report of a 40-day-old patient who presented with sepsis and had no risk factors other than SARS-CoV-2 infection, whose radiological findings were compatible with cerebral sinus vein thrombosis.

Yuichi Yamashita

Due to drastic improvements in computer power and the refinement of machine learning (ML) theories and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, theoretical and mathematical methods are expected to contribute to psychiatry and clinical neuroscience. This emerging field of research is referred to as ‘computational psychiatry.’ There are two major strategies for computational psychiatry. The first is trying to discover covert regularity from biological, neurological, and behavioral ‘big data’ related to psychiatric disorders using ML/AI techniques, which is referred to as the data-driven approach. Although big data and cutting-edge ML/AI techniques are used, the datadriven approach is still an extension of conventional methods, in the sense that it explores correspondences (correlations) between observed data and phenotypes and does not examine information processing within the brain itself. Therefore, the data-driven approach alone may be insufficient to overcome the fundamental difficulties in investigating mental illness, such as biological nonspecificity and heterogeneity. In order to address this issue, there is another line of approach in computational psychiatry, referred to as a theory-driven approach, in which mental disorders are modeled as aberrant information processing (‘computation’) in the brain using mathematical formulations. The theory-driven approach is expected to provide mechanistic explanations bridging the different levels of biological observations, including genes, molecules, cells, neural circuits, physiology, behaviors, and symptoms. In this issue, Smith et al. provide a review of the recent advances in the application of the theory-driven approach in psychiatry and clinical neuroscience research. Specifically, they focus on ‘predictive processing theory’ (also referred to as predictive coding and active inference), which is one of the most promising theories used in the theory-driven approach. According to predictive processing theory, the brain is a ‘prediction machine’ based on an internal model of the world and interacts with the world through a computational rule of ‘prediction-error (PE) minimization.’ PE minimization can be achieved in the following three ways: modification of the internal model (learning), modification of internal/brain states (perception/recognition), and modification of sensory inputs (change the world through action). As such, predictive processing theory can explain a wide range of brain functions, including learning, perception/cognition, and action based on PE minimization. While the hierarchical predictive process provides significant advantages for adaptive behavior in social environments, the failure to properly develop or maintain precisely aligned signaling in neural systems has been postulated to result in psychiatric or developmental disorder symptoms. Indeed, regarding failures in predictive processing, several computational modeling studies have provided mechanistic understanding of the perceptual and cognitive impairments in autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. Smith et al. provide a comprehensive review of recent advances in predictive processing theory, in which, by introducing the concept of ‘interoceptive prediction,’ predictive processing theory has been extended to interoceptive systems. Thanks to this extension of the theory, affective and somatic symptom disorders have fallen within the scope of predictive processing theory. For example, in one of the studies introduced in Smith et al., Stephan et al. propose a mathematical model of homeostatic and allostatic regulation of visceral states as a hierarchical interoceptive predictive process in which homeostatic adjustment of physiological variables, such as blood osmolality and circulating hormones, can be achieved by a top-down interoceptive prediction (allostasis) and PE (deviations from the homeostatic range) minimization process. Using this model, they hypothesized that when attempts at higher-level allostasis repeatedly fail, subjective fatigue and depressive behavior could emerge as strategies for dealing with conditions in which the brain predicts that allostatic regulation will be ineffective. In addition, Smith et al. emphasize the importance of mathematical formulation in the sense that, by using quantitative prediction, the model makes it possible to investigate which regions of the brain show patterns of activity consistent with those simulated dynamics of prediction and PE, and identify the differences in individuals, including diagnosis and prognostic information. Despite increasing expectations, there have not yet been computational modeling studies providing specific effects on clinical practice. For further advances in the application of formal models of predictive processing, the involvement of experts in psychiatry and clinical neuroscience with sophisticated knowledge of symptomatology and neuroscience (i.e., the readers of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences) is crucial.

Isabel Cristina Bandeira, Isabel Cristina Bandeira, Lucas Giombelli et al.

The relationship between epilepsy and psychiatric comorbidities has been recognized for centuries, but its pathophysiological mechanisms are still misunderstood. It is biologically plausible that genetic or epigenetic variations in genes that codify important neurotransmitters involved in epilepsy as well as in psychiatric disorders may influence the development of the latter in patients with epilepsy. However, this possibility remains poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the methylation profile of the BDNF and SLC6A4, two genes importantly involved in neuroplasticity, in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) regarding the development or not of psychiatric comorbidities. One hundred and thirty-nine patients with TLE, 90 females and 45 males, were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 44.0 (+12.0) years, and mean duration of epilepsy was 25.7 (+13.3) years. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV shows that 83 patients (59.7%) had neuropsychiatric disorders and 56 (40.3%) showed no psychiatric comorbidity. Mood disorders were the most common psychiatric disorder observed, being present in 64 (46.0%) of all 139 patients. Thirty-three (23.7%) patients showed anxiety disorders, 10 (7.2%) patients showed history of psychosis and 8 (5.8%) patients showed history of alcohol//drug abuse. Considering all 139 patients, 18 (12.9%) demonstrated methylation of the promoter region of both BDNF and SLC6A4 genes. A significant decreased methylation profile was observed only in TLE patients with mood disorders when compared with TLE patients without a history of mood disorders (O.R. = 3.45; 95% C.I. = 1.08–11.11; p = 0.04). A sub-analysis showed that TLE patients with major depressive disorder mostly account for this result (O.R. = 7.20; 95% C.I. = 1.01–56.16; p = 0.042). A logistic regression analysis showed that the independent factors associated with a history of depression in our TLE patients was female sex (O.R. = 2.30; 95% C.I. = 1.02–5.18; p = 0.044), not controlled seizures (O.R. = 2.51; 95% C.I. = 1.16–5.41; p = 0.019) and decreased methylation in BDNF and SLC6A4 genes (O.R. = 5.32; 95% C.I. = 1.14–25.00; p = 0.033). Our results suggest that BDNF or SLC6A4 genes profile methylation is independently associated with depressive disorders in patients with epilepsy. Further studies are necessary to clarify these matters.

Marco Iosa, Giovanni Galeoto, Daniela De Bartolo et al.

Patient’s active participation in therapy is a key component of successful rehabilitation. In fact, low participation has been shown to be a prognostic factor of poor outcome; however, participation is rarely assessed in clinical settings. The Pittsburgh Rehabilitation Participation Scale (PRPS) is a validated, quick, and accurate measure of participation, relying on clinicians’ observation, and not requiring any self-report by patients. The aim of this study was to validate an Italian version of the PRPS. Following forward and back-translation of PRPS into Italian, the translated version was validated in a total of 640 therapy sessions, related to a cohort of 32 patients admitted to an Italian hospital. It was tested for concurrent validity, finding significant correlations with Barthel Index (<i>R</i> > 0.58, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and SF-36 Physical and Mental Health (<i>R</i> > 0.4, <i>p</i> < 0.02), for predictive validity, finding significant correlation with the effectiveness of rehabilitation (<i>R</i> = 0.358, <i>p</i> = 0.045), and for inter-rater and intra-rater reliability, computing an Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC = 0.926 and 0.756, respectively). These psychometric properties results were similar to those of the original version of this scale. The proposed PRPS can be helpful for Italian clinicians in the assessment of patient’s participation during rehabilitation.

Naoki Iso, Takefumi Moriuchi, Kengo Fujiwara et al.

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate whether oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) generated during a motor imagery (MI) task is associated with the motor learning level of the task.MethodsWe included 16 right-handed healthy participants who were trained to perform a ball rotation (BR) task. Hemodynamic brain activity was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy to monitor changes in oxy-Hb concentration during the BR MI task. The experimental protocol used a block design, and measurements were performed three times before and after the initial training of the BR task as well as after the final training. The BR count during training was also measured. Furthermore, subjective vividness of MI was evaluated three times after NIRS measurement using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS).ResultsThe results showed that the number of BRs increased significantly with training (P &lt; 0.001). VAS scores also improved with training (P &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, oxy-Hb concentration and the region of interest (ROI) showed a main effect (P = 0.001). An interaction was confirmed (P &lt; 0.001), and it was ascertained that the change in oxy-Hb concentrations due to training was different for each ROI. The most significant predictor of subjective MI vividness was supplementary motor area (SMA) oxy-Hb concentration (coefficient = 0.365).DiscussionHemodynamic brain activity during MI tasks may be correlated with task motor learning levels, since significant changes in oxy-Hb concentrations were observed following initial and final training in the SMA. In particular, hemodynamic brain activity in the SMA was suggested to reflect the MI vividness of participants.

Xuan Thi Thanh Le, Anh Kim Dang, Jayson Toweh et al.

This is the first time in Vietnam that people have undergone “social distancing” to minimize the spreading of infectious disease, COVID-19. These deliberate preemptive strategies may have profound impacts on the mental health of the population. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the psychological impacts of COVID-19 on Vietnamese people and associated factors. We conducted a cross-sectional study during a one-week social distancing and isolation from April 7 to 14, 2020, in Vietnam. A snowball sampling technique was carried out to recruit participants. Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) was utilized to assess the psychological impacts of the COVID-19. Of all participants, 233 (16.4%) reported low level of PTSS; 76 (5.3%) rated as moderate, and 77 (5.4%) reported extreme psychological conditions. Being female, above 44 years old, or having a higher number of children in the family were positively associated with a higher level of psychological distress. Being self-employed/unemployed/retired was associated with a higher score of intrusion and hyperarousal subscale. Individuals who have a history of touching objects with the possibility of spreading coronavirus (utensils) were related to a higher level of avoidance. There were relatively high rates of participants suffering from PTSS during the first national lockdown related to COVID-19. Comprehensive strategies for the screen of psychological problems and to support high-risk groups are critical, especially females, middle-aged adults and the elderly, affected laborers, and health care professionals.

M. George, H. Sackeim, A. Rush et al.

Cassandra M. Moshfegh, Safwan K. Elkhatib, Christopher W. Collins et al.

Patients diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are at a significantly elevated risk of developing comorbid inflammatory conditions, but the mechanisms underlying this predilection remain unclear. Our previous work has shown that T-lymphocytes exposed to elevated levels of norepinephrine (NE) displayed a pro-inflammatory signature reminiscent of an autoreactive phenotype. With this, we hypothesized that the increased sympathetic tone observed during psychological trauma may be promoting pro-inflammatory T-lymphocytes, which causes a predisposition to comorbid inflammatory conditions. Here, we examined the consequences of psychological trauma on splenic T-lymphocytes using a mouse model of repeated social defeat stress. Social defeat led to anxiety-like and depression-like behavior as has been previously described. The spleens of socially-defeated mice showed significant elevations of NE, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) levels, which appeared to be due in part to increased expression within T-lymphocytes. Additionally, T-lymphocytes from stressed animals showed higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mitochondrial superoxide. Interestingly, in this model system, close associations exist within splenic T-lymphocytes amid the autonomic, inflammatory, and redox environments, but these only weakly correlate with individual behavioral differences among animals suggesting the psychological and physiological manifestations of trauma may not be tightly coupled. Last, we describe, for the first time, elevations in calprotectin levels within T-lymphocytes and in circulation of psychologically stressed animals. Calprotectin correlated with both behavioral and physiological changes after social defeat, suggesting the potential for a new biological marker and/or therapeutic target for psychological trauma and its inflammatory comorbidities.