Resumo Diferentes tipos de dados são utilizados e produzidos por projetos de ciência cidadã, os quais podem estar sujeitos a diversas normas relacionadas a direitos coletivos e individuais, como é o caso dos direitos de propriedade intelectual, da proteção de dados pessoais, e do uso de conhecimentos tradicionais e expressões culturais tradicionais. Empregando pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa documental, este artigo objetiva investigar quais são os principais desafios legais relacionados ao uso e à governança de diferentes tipos de dados em projetos de ciência cidadã, considerando normas relacionadas a direitos individuais e coletivos. A partir da análise das questões legais referenciadas na literatura sobre ciência cidadã, observa-se a predominância das discussões sobre a proteção de dados pessoais, privacidade e propriedade intelectual. Em contraste, há pouca atenção a questões relacionadas à proteção de conhecimentos tradicionais e expressões culturais tradicionais. Outros aspectos refletem a inadequação da legislação vigente em relação às formas de produção, uso e compartilhamento de conhecimento na pesquisa em geral e na ciência cidadã em particular.
Museums. Collectors and collecting, Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
The nineteenth-century landscape painter Eugene von Guérard was an avid collector. A series of letters held by the Ethnological Museum Berlin, translated by the authors from ‘old’ German into English, describes his personal collection of Australian Aboriginal cultural objects and its transfer, along with 64 objects acquired on consignment, to the Ethnological Department of the Berlin Museum in 1879. Complemented by the publication of the complete correspondence in a companion paper, this article contextualises the letters within von Guérard's careers as artist, curator and collector, positioning them within the framework of his travels as recorded in his sketchbooks, and in relation to specific consequential experiences and individuals, prevailing colonial narratives and European and colonial collecting agendas and networks. The letters inform, and are informed by, von Guérard’s art, collecting and professional practices, with new insights captured in the intersections between them.
In August 2021, the State Museum of Natural History in Lviv received the conchological collection of the geologist and amateur collector I.T. Bakumenko. This made it possible to considerably supplement the sample of exotic mollusc species, mainly marine ones, intended for exposition use. During the processing of the collection, the existing identifications were checked, and most of the unlabeled specimens were also identified. Unfortunately, the vast majority of materials did not contain data on place and time of collecting, so they could not be transferred to the main fund of the museum. Most of the collection was represented by the shells of exotic marine molluscs, the list of which is given in the article. Excluding materials identified only to genus or subgenus level, the collection transferred to the museum contained 6 species of exotic land molluscs and 145 species of exotic marine ones. Most of them have previously not been presented in the malacological collection of the museum. Without taking into account taxa whose correct identification requires additional verification, three species of land exotic molluscs, one family (Pinnidae) and 86 species of marine exotic ones appeared for the first time in the malacological collection. Some shells of exotic molluscs of the families Arcidae, Ampullariidae, Cardiidae, Mactridae, Muricidae, Naticidae, Orthalicidae, Ostreidae, Patellidae, Pectenidae, Ranellidae, Tellinidae, Trochidae, Veneridae require further identification. Some of the most attractive examples of the collection transferred to the museum were demonstrated in a thematic electronic photo album “Treasures of distant seas” (2021). In the future, the digitization of other exotic species that entered the malacological collection of the museum for the first time is planned. The produced photos will be used in one of the thematic sections of the museum project Educational Internet program "Molluscs".
Resumen Esta investigación surge con el objetivo de analizar la calidad de los sitios web de las catedrales europeas y determinar qué tan exitosas han sido sus estrategias comunicativas en línea. Para ello, se aplica una metodología cualitativa basada en el análisis de contenido y la etnografía virtual. Como resultado, se infiere que al hablar de catedrales se habla de un recurso patrimonial altamente explotado por el turismo cultural a escala internacional, pero con la crisis pandémica de la COVID-19 migraron sus propuestas turísticas de la presencialidad a los entornos virtuales, potenciando recorridos inmersivos con el uso de las nuevas tecnologías a través de sus portales web. El desafío que queda por asumir es crear, en el ámbito del turismo religioso, verdaderas experiencias centradas en el usuario en un contexto del metaverso y de vidas digitalizadas e infotecnológicas.
Museums. Collectors and collecting, Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
Timofey Evseevich Evseev (Evsevyev) is a well-known Mari ethnographer-collector, local historian, folklorist, who made a significant contribution to preserve and study the Mari traditional culture in the first third of the twentieth century. The museum collections that he collected on the material and spiritual culture of the Mari are the most valuable source for studying the ethnography and history of the Mari Region. The purpose of the study is to analyze the collection of manuscripts by T.E. Evseev on Mari traditional embroidery, collected during collecting and field activities in the 1905–1930s. Materials and methods. The research uses the methods of archival documents and museum accounting documentation analysis, the historical-comparative, historical-typological and quantitative methods. The handwritten documents of T.E. Evseev have been preserved in the fund of the National Museum of the Republic of Mari El named after T. Evseev, giving the opportunity to recreate the history of completing the museum with samples of Mari traditional embroidery in the first third of the XX century. Study results. The article provides valuable information about the collecting and field work performed by Timofey Evseevich Evseev during his pedagogical and museum activities. The main stages in his ethnographic surveys of Mari villages in order to collect handwritten and tangible material on Mari traditional embroidery are identified. The role of domestic and foreign ethnologists and museum specialists in forming the ethnographic collections of the Mari Regional Museum on the topic of embroidery is noted. On the basis of preserved manuscripts, accounting and clerical documents of T.E. Evseev, the article presents a quantitative analysis of museum collections of the first third of the XX century; the types of collected samples of traditional embroidery among various ethnoterritorial groups of meadow Mari are characterized. Conclusions. Materials on Mari traditional embroidery presented in the handwritten heritage of T.E. Evseev are the most valuable source for studying the development of traditional embroidery among various ethnoterritorial groups of the Mari and can be used to create exposition and exhibition spaces, to prepare museum catalogues and to develop museum and educational programs on the history and ethnography of the Mari people.
Enrique Stanko Vráz (1860–1932) was a multifaceted individual known for his roles as a traveller, photographer, hunter, and collector of natural history specimens and artifacts from non-European cultures. While travelling through equatorial South America up the Amazon River from 1892 to 1893, he amassed a remarkable collection of four hundred ethnographic artifacts from two dozen groups of Indigenous peoples. More than one hundred and thirty years after the acquisition of this collection by the Náprstek Museum, the first part of the collection is published – a collection of feather ornaments. Particular attention is paid to the circumstances of the acquisition of the objects from the Indigenous peoples, their use by the ethnic groups visited, their transport to Europe and their further handling. The inspirational sources of E. S. Vráz’s ideas, which were also reflected in his contact with the Indigenous people and his collecting activities, are briefly presented.
An essay about a researcher from Kyiv who was a naturalist, traveller, collector, museum worker, and was interested in all manifestations of nature. As an employee of both the Zoological Museum of Kyiv University and the academic zoological museum, he collected materials in Kyiv, Cherkasy, Odesa, Crimea, Azerbaijan (especially Lankaran), and Turkmenistan (Kushka et al.) His mammal collections relate to different groups of micromammals, and in general he collected materials on all possible vertebrate groups. The researcher has only a few scientific works, and he was more interested in naturalism: collecting, hunting, aquarium, clubs, and youth naturalist groups.
Henry Willett (1823–1905) was a wealthy Brighton brewer who, funded by a large inheritance, became a nationally renowned collector and one of the founders of Brighton Museum. This article focuses on Willett as a ‘collector of collections’ and investigates the eclecticism of the artefacts that he accumulated in a wide range of areas: archaeology, books, curiosities, ethnography, fine art, fossils, furniture, minerals, natural history, ‘objects of vertue’ and pottery. It argues that collecting (and exhibiting) objects, for Willett, was partly a strategy for collecting people, a means of elevating himself into cultural and intellectual circles in both Brighton and London. It also speculates on the idea that Willett’s serial collecting reflected a desire to create his own private museum referencing the totality of human knowledge – an ‘imaginary museum’ whose specimens remained hidden away in premises in Brighton and Hove, only occasionally seeing the light of day.
Altai Russians have been the object of systematic study by Siberian ethnographers since 1977, the year that saw the establishment and first expedition of the Altai Ethnographic Team of the Institute of History, Philosophy and Philology of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. For 8 years, under the leadership of L.M. Rusakova, the team put together ethnographic collections for the Museum of History and Culture of the Peoples of Siberia and the Far East of the IHPP SB RAS. The article reconstructs the personnel of the team, the research area, the process of expedition preparation and organization, the peculiarities of field communication, the main objectives, collecting and recording ethnographic material methods, the collector individual style. The primary sources include field diaries and the team member interviews.
Charles Lang Freer’s purchase of the Henry Bathurst Hanna collection of Indian paintings in 1907 can seem an anomalous, almost incidental acquisition in the career of a collector whose interests for the most part lay elsewhere. Its peculiarity makes it an intriguing episode, and one that but for the presence of some remarkable pieces might arguably be relegated to a footnote in the annals of Freer’s wide-ranging and more extensive areas of collecting. A clearer picture of his motivations comes into focus, however, by considering his pursuit of the collection within the broader range of his own experiences, his milieu, and the prevailing cultural context. This article situates Freer’s interest in a particular collection of Indian art—understood narrowly at the time as concomitant with Mughal painting—against the background of the long presence of India in the United States, the growth of interest in Eastern culture and spirituality in late nineteenth-century New England, the beginnings of the appreciation of the aesthetic value of objects from India in the early twentieth century, and the burgeoning market and place for non-Western works in art museums in metropolitan cities, including the one that Freer had committed to establishing. In so doing, one may better understand the importance he placed on the acquisition of the collection, which would be a singular step that initiated a place for India within fine art museums in the United States.
flights of fancy, as when Holt declares, “Numismatics may someday be a required course for biology students and galactic explorers” (182), and “The cent too powerless to purchase anything on our store shelves will be honoured and coddled by an alien race as the most extraordinary messaging device in galactic history” (183). For all its occasional wackiness, the book contains a hidden gem in the form of chapter 9, “The Ethos and Ethics of Collecting.” Framed as a dialogue between an archaeology professor, a retired marine biologist who collects coins, and a group of students, the chapter even-handedly explores views on both sides of the debate about the private possession of antiquities, including coins. It is, as Holt writes, “a subject often ignored, or argued from one side only” (142). He helpfully situates the discussion in the context of the debate that has taken place over the past fifty years among archaeologists and museum curators, as well as pointing out how coins occupy a slightly different position compared to objects like sculptures or vases (for example, due to their seriality). Though the dialogic form has no firm conclusion, Holt point toward a future in which numismatics functions as a citizen-science in which collectors and dealers can play their part in the study of coins, provided they take responsibility for where their coins come from and where they go. Holt’s chapter will not be the final word on this important topic, but it is good to see engagement with these debates from a specialist numismatic perspective, and it is hoped that the dialogue here will stimulate more thoughts, publications, and discussion. The book is handsomely produced, with more than 130 crisp and clear images. There is a useful glossary at the end that will provide guidance for non-specialist readers. This reviewer’s only complaint is that pages have already come loose from the binding of the review copy, and reports suggest that this is not an isolated incident. This is frustrating in any book, but particularly so in one produced by a publisher as eminent as Oxford University Press.
Lais Pereira de OLIVEIRA, Maria Cláudia Cabrini GRÁCIO, Daniel MARTÍNEZ-ÁVILA
Resumo: Este artigo aborda o tratamento temático da informação em sua perspectiva teórica a partir do lastro investigativo presente na realidade brasileira. Objetiva caracterizar os atores da produção científica sobre tratamento temático da informação em dissertações e teses defendidas no Brasil e o aspecto enfocado naquelas em que são destaque. Metodologicamente, constitui-se em um estudo descritivo e de abordagem quali-quantitativa. Enquadra-se, ainda, como investigação bibliográfica com coleta desenvolvida mediante prospecção do tema na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações e aportes bibliométricos para análise e sistematização dos dados. Os resultados indicam Guimarães e Fujita como os principais atores da construção teórica do tratamento temático da informação, enquanto orientadores da maioria das dissertações e teses, figurando ainda como os mais citados nessas. Consequentemente, a Universidade Estadual Paulista, à qual os autores são vinculados, destaca-se como a instituição com maior número de produções, no âmbito da pós-graduação, em tratamento temático da informação. Os enfoques predominantes nesses trabalhos são: o aspecto teórico das publicações e autores referenciais desse universo e o aspecto prático das ações nesse âmbito. Conclui-se que, nas dissertações e teses brasileiras, o tratamento temático da informação se configura a partir da evidência sobre Guimarães e Fujita, assim como sobre abordagens teórica e prática do assunto.
Museums. Collectors and collecting, Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal el desarrollo de la investigación arqueológica en una ciudad superpuesta como Córdoba a través de la revisión y análisis de los fondos almacenados en los depósitos de su Museo Arqueológico. Se pretende reivindicar la investigación de los materiales depositados en los almacenes de los museos; se trata de unas piezas, salvo excepciones, que han interesado poco a los investigadores pero que cuentan con un enorme potencial para la investigación histórica. A partir de cuatro ejemplos de otras tantas piezas almacenadas en el Museo Arqueológico de Córdoba, el estudio plantea algunos métodos para obtener toda la información posible de dichos fragmentos y los resultados obtenidos que amplían nuestros conocimientos sobre la edilicia oficial y de la escultura privada en la capital de la provincia Baetica y su territorio.
History of the arts, Museums. Collectors and collecting
J. Wilkinson, Kristen D. Spring, T. L. Dunn
et al.
Since the mid-1840s a diverse fossil vertebrate assemblage, referred to as the Chinchilla Local Fauna, has been collected from the Pliocene deposits of the Chinchilla Sand on the western Darling Downs of South-East Queensland. In large part because of this long history and the numerous collectors who have worked fossil deposits in the area, much ambiguity regarding site and locality names and their specific coordinates exists. Here, we review the vertebrate fossil collection records in the Queensland Museum Fossil, Donor, Collector and Locality Registers, correspondence, and field notes in an effort to pinpoint the location of each named locality and site and develop a digital map which highlights the historical collecting sites at one significant locality in the Chinchilla area. To ensure that a systematic framework for all future collecting from the main collecting area (Chinchilla Rifle Range) is maintained, we recommend the use of consistent nomenclature for sites so that spatial information of the highest possible quality is captured into the future. We recommend future collections include detailed recordings of stratigraphic contexts as well as GPS coordinates.
ABSTRACT Neither archives nor museums are neutral. They reflect particular sets of priorities: those of the institution; the collectors and curators within them; and those of their intended audiences. In the context of sport, gender is a key influence on these priorities. Yet sporting archives are relatively silent about women's historical involvement in sport. A number of Collaborative Doctoral Partnership projects delivered through Sporting Heritage use oral history as a methodology for academic research and as an intervention in the archive, expanding collections and giving voice to otherwise under-represented groups. In this paper, I focus on issues relating to oral history in heritage settings and in the academic practice of history: the history of the methodology itself and its implications for a shared research agenda, including the extent to which oral history can – and should – be used as a method of historical recovery. In sport heritage and sport history. where men and the masculine have dominated the academic discipline and the practice of collecting, I consider the gendering of oral history, and its implications for such collections. Lastly, I reflect on the critical opportunities offered by this methodological approach, as well as the challenges.
A detailed systematic study of calcareous nannofossils was carried out for the Jaddala Formation in (Aj-10) well, Central Iraq. Seventy one species belong to twenty four genera of calcareous nannofossils were identified including sixty two of them were previously named and nine species were identified for the first time and they would not be given names until more information is obtained in the future to support this identification.
It is a recorded of five biostratigraphic zone, which suggested the age of the Jaddala Formation to be of early to late Eocene. The recorded biozone includes the following: Reticulofenestra dictyoda (Deflandre in Deflandre & Fert, 1954) Stradner & Edwards, 1968 Partial Range Biozone (CNE 5); Discoaster sublodoensis Bramlette and Sullivan, 1961 Interval biozone (CNE 6-7); Nannotetrina cristata (Martini, 1958) Perch-Nielsen, 1971 Interval biozone (CNE 8); Nannotetrina alata (Martini in Martini & Stradner, 1960) Haq and Lohmann, 1976 Interval biozone (CNE 9); Chiasmolithus gigas Bramlette & Sullivan, 1961Range Biozone (CNE 10-11).
Museums. Collectors and collecting, Natural history (General)
Offering a broad and vivid survey of the culture of collecting from the French Revolution to the Belle Epoque, The Purchase of the Past explores how material things became a central means of accessing and imagining the past in nineteenth-century France. By subverting the monarchical establishment, the French Revolution not only heralded the dawn of the museum age, it also threw an unprecedented quantity of artworks into commercial circulation, allowing private individuals to pose as custodians and saviours of the endangered cultural inheritance. Through their common itineraries, erudition and sociability, an early generation of scavengers established their own form of 'private patrimony', independent from state control. Over a century of Parisian history, Tom Stammers explores collectors' investments – not just financial but also emotional and imaginative – in historical artefacts, as well as their uncomfortable relationship with public institutions. In so doing, he argues that private collections were a critical site for salvaging and interpreting the past in a post-revolutionary society, accelerating but also complicating the development of a shared national heritage.
This article sets out to examine the production, function, and use of Byzantine chafing dishes, which have been largely neglected by academic literature. As no practical engagement with chafing dishes has been previously attempted, experimental archaeology was chosen as a methodological tool capable of testing hypotheses associated with these wares and generating new research questions. Three chafing dishes were crafted by ceramist Alexandra Theodosiou, modelled on chafing dish 6260a and its lid 6260β from Thebes, to understand the assembly stages of the different compartments of this multi-featured form. The models were then employed to debate questions related to function. Three prominent hypotheses regarding the heating means used to warm a chafing dish (lamp, candle, charcoal) were put into trial, so as to match use wear traces resulting from thermal stress (soot deposits) against corresponding combustible material. This could, consequently, enable reflection on the archaeological comparanda and conclude, which of the above methods would have been applied. Temperature was recorded as well as an overall reporting on the performance of each specimen. The results, though inconclusive, were taken into consideration, when discussing the use of chafing dishes, and, in particular, their association with garum.