Hasil untuk "Modern history, 1453-"

M.ª Soledad Gómez Navarro

F. Lomoc, N. Canosa, A. P. Boette et al.

We present a method for analyzing general time series by employing the history state formalism of quantum mechanics. This formalism allows us to describe a complete evolution based on a single quantum state, the history state, which simultaneously includes -also as a quantum system- the reference clock. It naturally leads to the concept of system-time entanglement, with the ensuing entanglement entropy constituting a measure of the effective number of distinguishable states visited in the history. Through a quantum coherent state embedding of the time series data, it is then possible to associate a quantum history state to the series. The gaussian overlap between these coherent states provides thus a smooth measure of distinguishability between the series data. The eigenvalues of the corresponding overlap matrix determine in fact the entanglement spectrum and entropy of the history state, which provide a rigorous characterization of the evolution. As illustration, the formalism is applied to typical financial time-series data. Through the entanglement entropy and spectrum, different evolution regimes can be identified. Entanglement based volatility indicators are also derived, and compared with standard volatility measures.

Arnold, Claus, Ciciliot, Valentina, Vian, Giovanni

Francisco Calderón

Algebraic quantum field theory (AQFT) puts forward three "causal axioms" that aim to characterize the theory as one that implements relativistic causation: the spectrum condition, microcausality, and primitive causality. In this paper, I aim to show, in a minimally technical way, that none of them fully explains the notion of causation appropriate for AQFT because they only capture some of the desiderata for relativistic causation I state or because it is often unclear how each axiom implements its respective desideratum. After this diagnostic, I will show that a fourth condition, local primitive causality (LPC), fully characterizes relativistic causation in the sense of fulfilling all the relevant desiderata. However, it only encompasses the virtues of the other axioms because it is implied by them, as I will show from a construction by Haag and Schroer (1962). Since the conjunction of the three causal axioms implies LPC and other important results in QFT that LPC does not imply, and since LPC helps clarify some of the shortcomings of the three axioms, I advocate for a holistic interpretation of how the axioms characterize the causal structure of AQFT against the strategy in the literature to rivalize the axioms and privilege one among them.

Annie Yang

Extended reality can weave together the fabric of the past, present, and future. A two-day design hackathon was held to bring the community together through a love for history and a common goal to use technology for good. Through interviewing an influential community elder, Emile Pitre, and referencing his book Revolution to Evolution, my team developed an augmented reality artifact to tell his story and preserve on revolutionary's legacy that impacted the University of Washington's history forever.

Oscar Jaime Jiménez

En el presente texto se analiza desde una perspectiva amplia e integral la combinación de condicionantes que han contribuido a favorecer el final del fenómeno terrorista. En dichos escenarios los contextos sociopolíticos y culturales, así como el perfil de las estructuras organizativas han desempeñado roles diversos y relevantes, si bien las respuestas institucionales, en última instancia, han conformado factores determinantes. Desde una perspectiva amplia e histórica la conclusión que se obtiene es que las probabilidades de que las estrategias terroristas alcancen los objetivos declarados son extremadamente limitadas, por lo que el final de éstas se encuentra en la gran mayoría de las ocasiones asociadas al fracaso.

L. Santiago Díez Cano

Deepika Badampudi, Ricardo Britto, Michael Unterkalmsteiner

Reviewing source code is a common practice in a modern and collaborative coding environment. In the past few years, the research on modern code reviews has gained interest among practitioners and researchers. The objective of our investigation is to observe the evolution of research related to modern code reviews, identify research gaps and serve as a basis for future research. We use a systematic mapping approach to identify and classify 177 research papers. As preliminary result of our investigation, we present in this paper a classification scheme of the main contributions of modern code review research between 2005 and 2018.

Walid Alarid, Abd Alrhman ALjadaan

Objectives: The study aims to study a crucial period in Ottoman history in the Balkans prior to the conquest of Constantinople, along with the foreign relations with Italy. The alliance between the Balkans and the Italian Republic posed a significant threat to the Ottoman Empire and presented a major obstacle to the conquest of Constantinople. The study comprises four main areas of focus such as a brief biography of Sultan Murad II, relations with the Italian Republic, the Union of Hungary and Serbia, and open Arnaut (Albania). Methods: The study adopts a critical historical narrative analysis approach to examine the events. Authentic Ottoman sources, as well as modern Turkish and foreign studies, serve as the primary references. Additionally, translated Arabic studies and research are mentioned in the list of resources and references section. Results: This research has revealed several important findings. One significant outcome pertains to the restoration of Albania under the dominance of the Ottoman Empire, which contributed to political stability in the Balkans. Conclusions: The victories and factors explored in this study ultimately played a role in the conquest of Constantinople by Sultan Muhammad al-Fateh, the son of Sultan Murad II, in 1453 AD.

Giuseppe Ricuperati

Mykola POPOV, Ivan KOMAROVSKYI

It is proposed to put the concept of local economic development (LED) at the basis of the approach to solving the problem of ensuring resilience development of the territory. However, the insufficient theoretical basis of the concept limits its practical application. To determine the data characterizing the process, it is proposed to use the four domains of "Circles of Sustainability" interaction assessment methodology. The data obtained made it possible to prepare a forecast for the possible potential of the region's territorial resilient.

Kristof Petrovay

The first determination of the surface temperature of stars other than the Sun is due to the Hungarian astrophysicist Béla Harkányi. Prompted by the recent unprecedented increase in the availability of stellar temperature estimates from Gaia, coinciding with the 150th anniversary of Harkányi's birth, this article presents the life and work of this neglected, yet remarkable figure in the context of the history of stellar astrophysics.

Kuan Wang, Yao-Yuan Mao, Andrew R. Zentner et al.

The concentration parameter is a key characteristic of a dark matter halo that conveniently connects the halo's present-day structure with its assembly history. Using 'Dark Sky', a suite of cosmological $N$-body simulations, we investigate how halo concentration evolves with time and emerges from the mass assembly history. We also explore the origin of the scatter in the relation between concentration and assembly history. We show that the evolution of halo concentration has two primary modes: (1) smooth increase due to pseudo-evolution; and (2) intense responses to physical merger events. Merger events induce lasting and substantial changes in halo structures, and we observe a universal response in the concentration parameter. We argue that merger events are a major contributor to the uncertainty in halo concentration at fixed halo mass and formation time. In fact, even haloes that are typically classified as having quiescent formation histories experience multiple minor mergers. These minor mergers drive small deviations from pseudo-evolution, which cause fluctuations in the concentration parameters and result in effectively irreducible scatter in the relation between concentration and assembly history. Hence, caution should be taken when using present-day halo concentration parameter as a proxy for the halo assembly history, especially if the recent merger history is unknown.

M. Wilkins

This is an important book. For business historians writing about the late nineteenth century to the present, it offers a kaleidoscope of ways to study the history of the forms and organizational structures of modern big business. Its handle for doing so is the business group. The book is a sequel to Asli Colpan, Takashi Hikino, and James Lincoln's edited, pathbreaking Oxford University Press volume published in 2010 and entitled The Oxford Handbook of Business Groups. The latter opened up new horizons.

Francesco Zavatti

Elenita Malta Pereira

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a ética do convívio ecossustentável, divulgada pelo engenheiro agrônomo brasileiro José Lutzenberger (1926-2002), ao longo de sua militância ambientalista. São analisados autores e obras lidos por Lutzenberger, considerados influentes na sua discussão sobre ética e meio ambiente. Argumenta-se que ele se apropriou dessas leituras, de forma a construir uma nova ética ecológica em contraponto às éticas antropocêntricas que compõem a corrente dominante. A partir do estudo da obra e da biografia de Lutzenberger, o artigo apresenta os dez princípios fundamentais dessa ética, que, mesmo apoiada em éticas ambientais biocêntricas já existentes, constitui, em seu conjunto, uma formulação original para guiar a humanidade em suas relações com a natureza.   Palavras-chave: Lutzenberger, José A. (José Antonio), 1926-2002. Ética do Convívio Ecossustentável. Ética ambiental. História Ambiental. Biografia.

K. Engelbrekt

It is high time to revise the notion that the Baltic Sea region is somehow distinctive and has successfully managed to move beyond sharp rivalries that originate in the politics of geography and the political economy of space and place. The impression that the Nordic and Baltic countries and their closest neighbours – most notably Russia – no longer harbour historic grievances and deftly manage regional relations was always an oversimplification, created in the aftermath of the Second World War in order to induce great powers to tolerate a higher level of political autonomy than in many other parts of Europe. As the contributions to this Forum demonstrate, rivalries and conflicts in the Baltic Sea region were profound throughout modern history (see Åselius, 2018), and they have since the end of the Cold War been reinvigorated over foreign, security and defence policy. So far they have largely materialized in the shape of friction at the declaratory level, not always raising much concern outside the circle of directly affected policymakers. But there is today enhanced contingency planning that clearly reflects growing mutual suspicion between, above all, the Russian Federation and NATO member states but also involves nonaligned Sweden and Finland. It is therefore becoming easier to demonstrate a considerable extent of historical continuity in this regard, a longue durée in Fernand Braudel’s terms, that should make us attentive to dynamically shifting patterns of amity and enmity in this part of Europe. But at the same time, are old frames such as that of “geopolitics” really useful or do they ultimately obscure the substance of contemporary rivalries? And do we know what we mean when we resort to the terminology of geopolitics in order to analyse a set of relationships within a particular region? Considering that the study of geopolitics encompasses several distinctive intellectual traditions from which to theorize and analyse what is going on in the Baltic Sea region (see Engelbrekt, in this Forum), students may be well advised to acquaint themselves with more than one of them in order to better be able to sort out what is relevant and what is not. Land-oriented geopolitics that emphasizes territory, natural resources and the topographic conditions of northeastern Europe does not imply what it used to at the turn of the nineteenth Century, when it emerged as an academic field of study. The late nineteenth Century and early twentieth was an era in which most economies – and certainly not least those of the Baltic Sea region – were heavily reliant on agricultural output and on extracting natural resources on an industrial scale, resources which subsequently were processed by industries

Johnny Roberto Rosa

Dar-se-á aqui atenção à dinâmica do reconhecimento de certos eventos traumáticos, de processos sociais de exteriorização – e historicização – da violência traumática à perlaboração do passado. Logo, assinalar-se-ão os pontos fundamentais, tensões e limites à compreensão do que marca a estrutura de significado do trauma em nível psicológico e sociocultural. Desse modo, faz-se necessário averiguar os estudos sobre as implicações teóricas dos conceitos psicanalíticos de perlaboração, trauma e luto, ao esforço de representação e superação de uma experiência de violência pretérita. No centro dessas questões estão as ligações entre o trauma e as possibilidades (dilemas) da representação narrativa. Tais questões são cruciais para o entendimento dos debates sobre os esforços compreensivos de explicação e representação de algumas das questões mais urgentes com relação à construção do significado histórico e com relação à consolidação de uma sociedade marcada pelos efeitos duradouros e permanentes dos traumas das injustiças pretéritas. Esses dilemas, por representarem uma ameaça à significação e aos contornos da própria ação, e as demandas por reconhecimento representativo da violência e do sofrimento, cujos termos precisam ser mediados, confrontados e compreendidos como prática cultural de memória coletiva, são cruciais para a compreensão dos debates sobre a memória da violência e sua suposta transformação e recuperação.   Palavras-chave: Trauma. História. Luto. Perlaboração.

Krzysztof J. Cios

Introduction to deep neural networks and their history.

Tom Hess, Sivan Sabato

We define a new selection problem, \emph{Selecting with History}, which extends the secretary problem to a setting with historical information. We propose a strategy for this problem and calculate its success probability in the limit of a large sequence.