On December 11, 2025, the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences hosted the international scientific seminar “Kazakhstan and Tatarstan: Humanitarian and Cultural Ties in the Past and Present.” The international scientific seminar was organized by the M. Khasanov Institute of Tatar Encyclopedia and Regional Studies of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences. The seminar was attended by leading politicians and scholars from Kazakhstan and Tatarstan, members of the Senate of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the State Council of the Republic of Tatarstan, the Consuls General of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan in Kazan, and the Plenipotentiary Representative of the Republic of Tatarstan in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
The conference addressed scientific approaches to studying the centuries-old connections between the Tatar and Kazakh peoples, the role of the Golden Horde in the ethnogenesis and political genesis of the peoples of Central Eurasia, and current issues in the study of Golden Horde monuments in the Volga-Ural region. The results emphasized the need for further development of cooperation between Kazakhstan and Tatarstan in the study of the cultural history of the two peoples and the importance of coordinating this research, particularly on medieval topics and the Golden Horde. The conference noted the importance of creating a joint working group of historians from Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation. The next meeting of the joint working group of historians from Russia and Kazakhstan and a roundtable discussion dedicated to the historical memory of the Golden Horde were held on June 9–10, 2025 in Bolgar, the first capital of the Golden Horde. The International Golden Horde Forum is an important milestone in this regard. Kazakhstan was widely represented by the participants of the First International Summer School on the History of the Golden Horde.
Auxiliary sciences of history, History of Civilization
L’articolo studia tre fogli di un perduto protocollo notarile pergamencaeo di Sutri del XIII secolo, che furono riutilizzati nel XV secolo come carte di guardia dei Vat. Lat. 1469 e 1979. I frammenti contengono la registrazione di quindici imbreviature redatte a Sutri dal notaio Giovanni Pandulfi nel 1262 in un anno della seconda metà del XIII secolo in cui cadeva la settima indizione. La loro importanza è legata al fatto che si tratta degli unici frammenti pervenutici di protocolli sutrini del XIII secolo e che per l’intera regione laziale si conoscono al momento soltanto altri due lacerti di protocolli duecenteschi conservati, il che ne fa una testimonianza importante per far luce sulle pratiche di registrazione di quest’area nel Duecento. I frammenti sutrini, inoltre, aggiungono un nuovo tassello alla conoscenza del fenomeno storico dello scarto e del reimpiego dei documenti medievali.
This research explores the use of History to enhance education in the field of ICT For Sustainability ICT4S in response to a challenge from the ICT4S 2023 conference. No previous studies were found in ICT4S but the literature on History and Education for Sustainable Development is reviewed. An ICT4S lecturer collaborated with History lecturers to add an historic parallel to each weeks teaching on a Sustainable Business and Computing unit for final year undergraduate BSc Business Computing students. A list of the topics and rationale is provided. Student perceptions were surveyed before and after the teaching and semi-structured interviews carried out. A majority of students saw relevance to their degree and career. There was an increase in the proportion of students with interest in History. The paper explores the lessons learned from the interdisciplinary collaboration, including topic choice, format and perceived value. The project has enhanced the way we approach our subjects as computing and history educators. We believe this is the first empirical, survey-based study of the use of history to enhance ICT4S education. The team will extend the research to a larger unit covering a wider range of computing degrees.
L’histoire des “communautésˮ du haut Moyen Âge est aujourd’hui renouvelée par la recherche archéologique. Nombre de données matérielles permettent désormais d’appréhender des pratiques collectives liant entre eux des groupes d’“habitantsˮ ou de “voisinsˮ, pour reprendre des termes récurrents dans la documentation écrite. Ces pratiques concernent le partage du sol en parcelles, l’organisation de chemins et de parcours, la mise en place de structures de production spécialisées et d’aires de stockage, l’aménagement de lieux communs tels que les églises et les espaces funéraires. Pour rendre compte de ces processus d’organisation sociale articulés à des lieux dominants, on propose ici la notion de “polarisationˮ. Les lieux de culte ont joué un tel rôle polarisateur dès le IVe siècle dans les cités, puis à partir des Ve et VIe siècles au sein du monde rural, dans des contextes d’habitat regroupé, distendu ou dispersé. En favorisant échanges entre “voisinsˮ, contrôle de la production, surveillance mutuelle des personnes et communion des vivants et des morts, les relations sociales et les usages qui se sont développés au sein de “paroissesˮ (progressivement territorialisées) ont contribué à transformer les gens en “(co)habitantsˮ. On s’interroge enfin sur le moteur de cette dynamique socio-spatiale, en évitant de devoir choisir entre une domination imposée d’en-haut et des initiatives collectives venues d’en-bas. Tandis que la polarisation contribuait à fixer ou à contrôler les populations selon des mécanismes qui ne faisaient pas appel à la violence, les rapports entre “habitantsˮ et “voisinsˮ s’inscrivaient dans un large spectre de positions sociales assurant aux acteurs certaines marges de manœuvre que favorisait la maîtrise d’une partie au moins des moyens de production.
With the evolution of pre-trained language models, current open-domain dialogue systems have achieved great progress in conducting one-session conversations. In contrast, Multi-Session Conversation (MSC), which consists of multiple sessions over a long term with the same user, is under-investigated. In this paper, we propose History-Aware Hierarchical Transformer (HAHT) for multi-session open-domain dialogue. HAHT maintains a long-term memory of history conversations and utilizes history information to understand current conversation context and generate well-informed and context-relevant responses. Specifically, HAHT first encodes history conversation sessions hierarchically into a history memory. Then, HAHT leverages historical information to facilitate the understanding of the current conversation context by encoding the history memory together with the current context with attention-based mechanisms. Finally, to explicitly utilize historical information, HAHT uses a history-aware response generator that switches between a generic vocabulary and a history-aware vocabulary. Experimental results on a large-scale MSC dataset suggest that the proposed HAHT model consistently outperforms baseline models. Human evaluation results support that HAHT generates more human-like, context-relevant and history-relevant responses than baseline models.
Danielle de Brito Silva, Paula Jofré, Patricia B. Tissera
et al.
Phylogenetic methods have long been used in biology, and more recently have been extended to other fields - for example, linguistics and technology - to study evolutionary histories. Galaxies also have an evolutionary history, and fall within this broad phylogenetic framework. Under the hypothesis that chemical abundances can be used as a proxy for interstellar medium's DNA, phylogenetic methods allow us to reconstruct hierarchical similarities and differences among stars - essentially a tree of evolutionary relationships and thus history. In this work, we apply phylogenetic methods to a simulated disc galaxy obtained with a chemo-dynamical code to test the approach. We found that at least 100 stellar particles are required to reliably portray the evolutionary history of a selected stellar population in this simulation, and that the overall evolutionary history is reliably preserved when the typical uncertainties in the chemical abundances are smaller than 0.08 dex. The results show that the shape of the trees are strongly affected by the age-metallicity relation, as well as the star formation history of the galaxy. We found that regions with low star formation rates produce shorter trees than regions with high star formation rates. Our analysis demonstrates that phylogenetic methods can shed light on the process of galaxy evolution.
Vishal Sunder, Samuel Thomas, Hong-Kwang J. Kuo
et al.
Dialog history plays an important role in spoken language understanding (SLU) performance in a dialog system. For end-to-end (E2E) SLU, previous work has used dialog history in text form, which makes the model dependent on a cascaded automatic speech recognizer (ASR). This rescinds the benefits of an E2E system which is intended to be compact and robust to ASR errors. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical conversation model that is capable of directly using dialog history in speech form, making it fully E2E. We also distill semantic knowledge from the available gold conversation transcripts by jointly training a similar text-based conversation model with an explicit tying of acoustic and semantic embeddings. We also propose a novel technique that we call DropFrame to deal with the long training time incurred by adding dialog history in an E2E manner. On the HarperValleyBank dialog dataset, our E2E history integration outperforms a history independent baseline by 7.7% absolute F1 score on the task of dialog action recognition. Our model performs competitively with the state-of-the-art history based cascaded baseline, but uses 48% fewer parameters. In the absence of gold transcripts to fine-tune an ASR model, our model outperforms this baseline by a significant margin of 10% absolute F1 score.
Emperor Frederick II’s early thirteenth-century book on falconry, De arte venandi cum avibus, is probably the most famous single source for scholars who survey the state-of-the-art in natural sciences in medieval times. Most of the research on his book has focused on the marginal illustrations featuring about 80 bird species. However, the book contains a large amount of ethological, ecological, morphological and faunistic knowledge about bird fauna. Frederick was also one of the first to conduct experiments with birds. Here, we describe the ornithological experiments and observations of Frederick and evaluate them from the perspective of modern ecology.
In many contexts, Frederick expressed criticism of Aristotle and his work Liber Animalium. Frederick’s observation upon the geographical variation of species was partially in contrast to the Aristotelian typological or essentialist species concept. This is an important finding from the point of view of the western history of biology.
De arte venandi cum avibus demonstrates Frederick’s deep knowledge of the ecology, morphology and behaviour of birds. This knowledge he gained via his long practice with falconry. The love of falconry made Frederick an early proponent of empiricism, and De arte venandi cum avibus was actually the most important achievement of empirical zoology in the thirteenth century.
This article relates the transmission history of a single Samaritan text and its fascinating trajectory from a Samaritan legend into early modern rabbinic tradition, and on to nineteenth and early twentieth century Jewish studies circles. It focuses on the only Samaritan narrative cited in all of Louis Ginzberg’s monumental <i>Legends of the Jews</i> (1909–1938). Often called the “Epistle of Joshua son of Nun,” I trace the trajectory of this story from a medieval Samaritan chronicle to Samuel Sulam’s 1566 publication of Abraham Zacuto’s <i>Sefer Yuḥasin.</i> From there, we move to early modern <i>belles lettres</i> in Hebrew and Yiddish, western scholarship and then to the great Jewish anthologizers of the <i>fin de siècle</i>, Micha Yosef Berdyczewski, Judah David Eisenstein and Louis Ginzberg. I will suggest reasons why this tale was so appealing to Sulam, a Sephardi scholar based in Istanbul, that he appended it to <i>Sefer Yuḥasin</i>, and what about this tale of heroism ingratiated it to early modern European and then early Zionist readers. The afterlife of this tale is a rare instance of Samaritan influence upon classical Jewish literature, undermining assumptions of unidirectional Jewish influence upon the minority Samaritan culture from antiquity to modern times.
No-go theorems have played an important role in the development and assessment of scientific theories. They have stopped whole research programs and have given rise to strong ontological commitments. Given the importance they obviously have had in physics and philosophy of physics and the huge amount of literature on the consequences of specific no-go theorems, there has been relatively little attention to the more abstract assessment of no-go theorems as a tool in theory development. We will here provide this abstract assessment of no-go theorems and conclude that the methodological implications one may draw from no-go theorems are in disagreement with the implications that have often been drawn from them in the history of science.
Visual Dialog involves "understanding" the dialog history (what has been discussed previously) and the current question (what is asked), in addition to grounding information in the image, to generate the correct response. In this paper, we show that co-attention models which explicitly encode dialog history outperform models that don't, achieving state-of-the-art performance (72 % NDCG on val set). However, we also expose shortcomings of the crowd-sourcing dataset collection procedure by showing that history is indeed only required for a small amount of the data and that the current evaluation metric encourages generic replies. To that end, we propose a challenging subset (VisDialConv) of the VisDial val set and provide a benchmark of 63% NDCG.
In this historic Lomonosov conference on the occasion of 150 year anniversary of the Mendeleev's periodic table, I present the history of neutrino magnetic moment. It was first thought by Wolfgang Pauli and its magnitude was calculated during the gauge theory era.
In questo contributo l'autore indaga alcuni aspetti non secondari della figura del comes: ad esempio il suo ruolo più schiettamente sociale, oltre che politico, all’interno del comitatus, i suoi rapporti con altri comites e, soprattutto, quelli con i propri dipendenti. L'analisi è condotta soprattutto su atti di natura privata.
Ibn Sīnā’s reading of Aristotle is that of an Arabic and Neoplatonized Aristotle, but, above all, critical, as the two commentaries of his Kitāb al-Insāf, i.e., on Lambda 6-10 and the pseudo-Theology, show. Ibn Sīnā read Aristotle’s works only in Arabic translation and was therefore influenced by their very wording. However, as his commentary on Lambda 6-10 shows, he looked at different translations, or even indirect testimonies, as e.g. Themistius’ paraphrase. Moreover, Ibn Sīnā offers a Neoplatonic inspired interpretation of Aristotle’s metaphysics, especially its theology. Such Neoplatonic reading is almost natural if one, as he does, considers the Theology, which mainly offers a paraphrase of Plotinus’ Enneads IV-VI, as a genuine Aristotelian work, even if Ibn Sīnā suspects a manipulation of the text by dishonest people, in all likelihood some Isma‘ilites. Eventually, Ibn Sīnā, despite his great reference for Aristotle, detects some flaws in the latter’s thinking, or, at least, in its very wording. All in all, Ibn Sīnā reveals to be a critical commentator, who considered Aristotle as the father, or even Godfather, of philosophy, but who nevertheless placed the search for truth above all.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Ancient history
The term hyperthermia is a combination of two Greek words: HYPER (rise) and THERME (heat) and refers to the increasing of body temperature or selected tissues in order to achieve a precise therapeutic effect. This paper reviews the development of thermotherapy by describing the most important moments in its history. For decades, the development of hyperthermia ran parallel with the development of cancer treatment and had numerous connections with electromedicine. Throughout its history, hyperthermia evoked a number of hopes, brought spectacular successes, but also was the subject of many disappointments.
Anna Samoilenko, Florian Lemmerich, Katrin Weller
et al.
Portrayals of history are never complete, and each description inherently exhibits a specific viewpoint and emphasis. In this paper, we aim to automatically identify such differences by computing timelines and detecting temporal focal points of written history across languages on Wikipedia. In particular, we study articles related to the history of all UN member states and compare them in 30 language editions. We develop a computational approach that allows to identify focal points quantitatively, and find that Wikipedia narratives about national histories (i) are skewed towards more recent events (recency bias) and (ii) are distributed unevenly across the continents with significant focus on the history of European countries (Eurocentric bias). We also establish that national historical timelines vary across language editions, although average interlingual consensus is rather high. We hope that this paper provides a starting point for a broader computational analysis of written history on Wikipedia and elsewhere.
Profecías escandinavas, visiones toscanas: usos curiosos del discernimiento de espíritus en la praxis místico-visionaria de Brígida de Suecia y Catalina de Siena