Bicycle helmets are designed to protect the user in case of a fall or collision. The effectiveness of a helmet depends on many factors, one of which is its correct fit on the user's head. The presented paper aims to develop an application that can generate personalized helmet designs based on user-provided data. After receiving the user's data, the design process is automatically carried out via a computer-based algorithm. The data provided includes two photos, capturing both the front and side views of the user's head. Using these images, the algorithm analyzes the curvature, proportions, and size of the head to create curves that closely align with the user's head shape. This information is then used to design a helmet comprising of two main components: the outer shell and the inner lining. The outcomes of this study were effectively assessed through two methods. The initial evaluation involved digital analysis using 3D scanning technology to compare the head curvatures between the algorithm and the scanned model. The second evaluation utilized 3D printing technology. Using appropriate materials, the helmet was fabricated while its geometry was applied evenly to the user's head.
This study focuses on Sicilian native wool, historically excluded from industrial supply chains due to its coarse morphology, and explores its regenerative potential across ecological, economic, and cultural dimensions. Developed within the MICS partnership, the research adopts a systemic and collaborative methodology that enables participatory design processes involving local stakeholders, artisans, and institutions. These processes generate application scenarios for the reuse of wool in textile production, educational programmes, and manufacturing contexts. The findings reveal the capacity of this marginalised material to be reconfigured as a high-value circular resource, capable of activating place-based supply chains, enhancing territorial competences, and fostering new forms of ecological citizenship. The project underscores the role of design as an enabling infrastructure for sustainable transitions rooted in proximity, mutualism, and care for place.
Rodrigo F. L. Lassance, Julio M. Stern, Rafael B. Stern
In Bayesian analysis, testing for linearity requires placing a prior to the entire space of potential regression functions. This poses a problem for many standard tests, as assigning positive prior probability to such a hypothesis is challenging. The Full Bayesian Significance Test (FBST) sidesteps this issue, standing out for also being logically coherent and offering a measure of evidence against <inline-formula>
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Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics, Physical and theoretical chemistry
پوششهای متالیک به دلیل ویژگیهای دیداری جذاب، در صنایع مختلفی از جمله خودروسازی و دکوراسیون مورد استفاده قرار میگیرند. ارزیابی دانهایشدن بافتار این پوششها نقش مهمی در کنترل کیفیت آنها دارد. در این پژوهش، روشهای مختلف پردازش تصویر شامل تبدیل فوریه، تبدیل موجک، ماتریس هموقوعی و بسامد لبه وابسته به فاصله، برای کمیسازی دانهایشدن بافت پوششهای متالیک بررسی شدند. دادههای بهدستآمده از تحلیل بافتار، با نتایج گونیواسپکتروفوتومتر BYK-mac-i مقایسه شدند و میزان همبستگی آنها محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد که تمامی روشها ارتباط معناداری با نتایج دستگاهی دارند. از میان این روشها، ویژگی همگنی به دست آمده از ماتریس هموقوعی، بالاترین دقت را در کمیسازی دانهای شدن بافتار نشان داد و با ضریب همبستگی 0.88، تطابق بالایی با نتایج حاصل از گونیواسپکتروفوتومتر BYK-mac-i داشت. همچنین، ویژگیهای میانگین دامنه طیف فوریه و انرژی موجک در کانال قطری در حوزه بسامد، به همراه ویژگیهای انرژی و همبستگی ماتریس هموقوعی و روش بسامد لبه وابسته در حوزه مکان، با ضرایب همبستگی بالاتر از 0.82 نتایج قابل قبولی ارائه دادند.
The development of high‐performance structural materials is a key challenge in materials engineering. In particular, the concurrent enhancement of strength and ductility, which are often mutually exclusive in traditional materials, remains difficult. While multi‐element composite approaches have enabled mechanical enhancement, they frequently require complex manufacturing processes. Drawing inspiration from nacre's “brick‐and‐mortar” architecture, which features a periodic arrangement of hard and soft phases, we developed a biomimetic segmented defect design strategy. This structural optimization approach facilitates the precise regulation of ductility through defect engineering rather than compositional modification. Using discrete element modeling‐based numerical simulations, we systematically examined the tensile fracture behavior of nacre‐inspired defect‐engineered structures. The data showed that controlled defect introduction enhances ductility by 30%–50% while maintaining material strength and stability. This defect design mechanism thus represents a promising approach for fabricating strong and tough engineering materials through geometry‐driven property optimization.
Anwer M. Ali, Ahmed D. Abdulateef, Mustafa Q. Khalid
et al.
Polyethylene (PE) waste is both an environmental threat and a chance for innovation in pavement engineering. This review examines low-density (LDPE) and high-density (HDPE) PE as asphalt modifiers, outlining their influence on binder performance, mixture properties, environmental gains, and economic viability. Drawing on laboratory studies and field trials, it compares PE types, dosages, and mixing methods. PE raises the binder’s softening point, viscosity, and elasticity, while reducing penetration and ductility. In mixtures, it can lift Marshall stability by up to 167%, cut rut depth by about 70%, and raise tensile strength by 30%. HDPE usually delivers the bigger mechanical boost thanks to its higher crystallinity, whereas LDPE offers better workability and cold-weather flexibility. Environmentally, PE-modified asphalt can divert up to 2 t of plastic per kilometer, save up to 8% bitumen, and trim greenhouse-gas emissions by 4–7%. Life-cycle analyses indicate 5–15% cost savings through longer service life and lower maintenance. However, key research gaps remain in long-term performance, storage stability, low-temperature cracking, and microplastic risk. Addressing these challenges requires standardized testing and field validation. PE-modified asphalt thus emerges as a practical, scalable, and sustainable option—turning plastic waste into a resilient and cost-effective infrastructure solution.
This paper describes in detail the research methodology, including the use of a local SQLite database to store information about drawings, materials, processing methods, and formulas. The need for dynamic generation of input fields, real-time calculations, and display of drawing thumbnails is emphasized. Particular attention is paid to the fault tolerance of the system, including exception handling (division by zero, missing variables, incorrect data entry) and ensuring stable operation without abnormal termination. The application architecture is organized according to the modular principle (interface, database, computational engine), which simplifies support and extension. The use of the eval() function in a strictly limited context for safe execution of formulas is noted. The application is developed in Python using PyQt5 and can operate autonomously, without access to the Internet or external servers. The presented work demonstrates a solution to the current problem of automation in mechanical engineering, offering a flexible, reliable and convenient tool for engineers and technologists
This work describes a teaching experience in bioinspired robotics, in which students were asked to design jumping robots inspired by animals. This bioinspired robotics course is offered to Master’s students in mechanical engineering with the aim of teaching them how to improve the efficiency and maneuverability of robots by drawing inspiration from biological locomotion strategies and enhancing their creativity through a bioinspired approach. This class emphasized translating biological principles into useful robots, and students based their designs upon locusts and Salticidae, two very effective species in their energy use. The students focused on mechanical design, energy storage and release approaches, and control strategies. The resulting prototypes emphasize that bioinspired solutions can offer effective strategies for robust and dynamic locomotion in robotics. In addition, it demonstrates the importance of bioinspired projects and how they can provide students with the interdisciplinary foundation needed to work in biology, mechanics, and robotics.
Egypt’s craft industry encompasses many dependent businesses, while crafts are slowly dissipating in the flourishing digital age, designers are emerging and becoming more substantial. Handicrafts are actually in their majority environmentally friendly, offer a quick and short monetary cycle, and most of all are a reflection of the local culture and identity. Globally, cultural inspired designs can easily be trendy and fashionable. This paper argues that designers play a major role in solving this matter. Culture integration into the new designs is rather challenging as there is no solid theoretical framework linking design and culture. Designers have the ability to address how core components of culture can be embedded in innovative functional objects. The paper analyses the role of design from the outcome of local startup project and based on a design intervention conducted in collaboration with the International Labor Office (ILO) in Egypt.
This essay introduces the topics addressed by Track 4 and explores decoloniality’s impact on design studies in developing countries. It addresses Eurocentric dominance in design, the post-WWII shift of design practices to developing nations, and the emergence of the “Design for Development” movement. Case studies highlight design’s role in transforming crafts, integrating cultures, and utilizing local materials for sustainability. The essay underscores design thinking’s potential for national knowledge economies. It advocates breaking free from Western design hegemony, embracing diverse perspectives, and promoting design as culture.
Silfia Mona Aryani, Arif Kusumawanto, Jatmika A. Suryabrata
et al.
Mood affects an individual's performance, whether relaxed/tense or alert/fatigued. This article was based on research to study a correlation between the lighting setting with relaxed-tense and alert/fatigued moods in the workplace by observing the illuminance level, the correlated color temperature (CCT), and the overhead/peripheral placement of lighting. The research was conducted with two online image-based questionnaire evaluations of 7 different lighting settings specifying their illuminance level, CCT, and placement as overhead or peripheral lighting depicted in images from the DIALux simulation. In the first questionnaire, subjects were asked to rate the difference between the two lighting displays being compared and the combination of the seven lighting settings. In the second questionnaire, subjects were also asked to rate their relaxed-tense and alert-fatigued perceptions of the lighting diplayed in the image. The results of these two questionnaires were analyzed by multidimensional scaling and correlation analysis. This image-based research concluded that a relaxed/tense perceived mood correlated negatively with the CCT, and an alert/fatigued perceived mood correlated negatively with the illuminance level and the CCT.
Allowing Engineering Graphics and Designs (EGD) learners to express themselves with music in the EGD class is part of what makes the lesson worth having. Validating learners to sing their hearts out during the lesson allows them to be willing to work on and complete their assigned EGD activities, love the subject, and long for the next lesson. This study therefore aimed to explore how an infusion of music in EGD lessons would impact teaching and learning of EGD. Some scholarly findings show that music can deeply provoke emotions, influence mood and affect cognitive performance. A qualitative approach was adopted and a purposive sampling technique where 13 grade 11 and 12 technical students doing EGD were sampled and music was infused during their EGD period. Data generated was collected using structured interviews and classroom observations. Thematically, data was analysed and responses were themed, compared, and contrasted to shed light on a creative approach to EGD and how it can enhance the teaching and learning of EGD. This study found that allowing learners to sing does give them a sense of ease and they become comfortable around the teacher. It relaxes their minds and enhances their performance. The study recommends that although the results have been positive, it also depends on the style of teaching that one uses and is comfortable to use. This study contributes towards creating enabling learning environment for EGD learners. Keywords: Students, Music, Emotions, Attachment, Productivity, Engineering Graphics and Designs.
Mohammad Hashem Sediqi, Naqibullah Safi, Shugofa Paiwastoon
et al.
Perspective geometry is a fundamental, challenging, and captivating subject within the engineering bachelor's degree program. It holds significant importance in developing graphic skills, analytical abilities, sketching proficiency, and comprehension of drawings. Moreover, it plays a crucial role in organizing the architectural components of a bachelor's thesis. However, the teaching and learning of perspective geometry often reveal various difficulties and shortcomings. Moreover, one of the various systems of symbols and languages created by global cultures is the graphical language, which is an exceptional and unparalleled language for understanding scientific and technical information. This language is considered the oldest international language. Every visual piece of information in various processes of human life has been formed through the graphical language, which is composed of various geometric shapes. In this research, data has been gathered from the perspectives of first-year students from the 2013 batch regarding the difficulties encountered in perspective geometry. A questionnaire was distributed to collect their opinions, and three graphical tasks with different levels of complexity were given to the students. The results obtained from this study indicate that employing suitable teaching methods and providing adequate resources can alleviate most of the learning difficulties associated with graphic skills. Instructors also play a pivotal role in resolving learning obstacles. Therefore, efforts should be made to enhance the quality of teaching graphic subjects by updating the content and curriculum of educational programs and improving teaching methods through the use of technology. In higher education institutions, conditions for fostering students' professional knowledge, enhancing their ability to draw maps and create technical documents can be facilitated through computer graphics education. Updating the teaching methods plays a crucial role in improving the quality of graphic education. The mentioned factors provide a suitable environment for the growth of graphic knowledge and the implementation of projects related to professional subjects.
The development of information technology has given a significant impetus and progress both for various industries and life, as well as for education. The national program "Digital Economy of the Russian Federation" provides for ensuring the introduction of digital technologies in the economy and social sphere, and is associated with the National Project "Education (2019-2024)", which includes the Federal Project "Digital Educational Environment" based on the introduction of the target model of modern digital technologies into educational programs. Innovative methods and forms of training create a strategy for the professional training of specialists, and computer visibility of the forms of the part gives an idea of the assembly technology, allows you to perform competent drawings. The purpose of the study is to analyze the methods of solving the problems of descriptive geometry and engineering graphics together with the use of methods of surface formation by geometric methods, as well as on the basis of basic CAD operations COMPASS-3D. In modern high school, in most cases, drawing is not studied, or only the most general concepts and definitions are studied. The existing course of school computer science deals only with general issues and practically does not give skills in drawing and modeling. As a result, applicants for the most part come to a technical university unprepared for the normal perception of geometric and graphic disciplines. In this regard, two priority tasks of further informatization of engineering education at the technical university have been formulated. On the one hand, this is the improvement of the methodology for teaching geometro-graphic disciplines, including in distance learning. On the other hand, it is the involvement of schoolchildren in various Olympiads and competitions held on the basis of technical universities to develop the initial skills of drawing and modeling simple objects.
Vitalii Ivanov, Ivan Pavlenko, Artem Evtuhov
et al.
AbstractEngineering is a broad discipline that applies scientific and mathematical principles to design, develop, build, and maintain structures, machines, systems, and processes.
In a recent paper, a new conformally flat metric was introduced, describing an expanding scalar field in a spherically symmetric geometry. The spacetime can be interpreted as a Schwarzschild-like model with an apparent horizon surrounding the curvature singularity. For the above metric, we present the complete conformal Lie algebra consisting of a six-dimensional subalgebra of isometries (Killing Vector Fields or KVFs) and nine proper conformal vector fields (CVFs). An interesting aspect of our findings is that there exists a gradient (proper) conformal symmetry (i.e., its bivector <i>F<sub>ab</sub></i> vanishes) which verifies the importance of gradient symmetries in constructing viable cosmological models. In addition, the 9-dimensional conformal algebra implies the existence of constants of motion along null geodesics that allow us to determine the complete solution of null geodesic equations.
Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics, Physical and theoretical chemistry
Pauli established the standard view that the spin of the electron was a completely abstract non-classical angular momentum that could not be thought of as the rotation of anything. Here, we give a pedagogical presentation of old work by Belifante (1939), recently updated by Ohanian (1986), which shows that, contrary to Pauli’s edict, the spin of the electron can be viewed as the rotational angular momentum in the wave field of the electron.
Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics, Physical and theoretical chemistry