Hasil untuk "Manufacturing industries"

B. Eckbo

T. C. Powell

M. Feldman, R. Florida

Melissa A. Schilling, H. Steensma

O. Bandiera, Ian Richard Gordon, B. McCormick et al.

E. Wycisk, A. Solbach, S. Siddique et al.

Abstract Laser Additive Manufacturing (LAM) enables economical production of complex lightweight structures as well as patient individual implants. Due to these possibilities the additive manufacturing technology gains increasing importance in the aircraft and the medical industry. Yet these industries obtain high quality standards and demand predictability of material properties for static and dynamic load cases. However, especially fatigue and crack propagation properties are not sufficiently determined. Therefore this paper presents an analysis and simulation of crack propagation behavior considering Laser Additive Manufacturing specific defects, such as porosity and surface roughness. For the mechanical characterization of laser additive manufactured titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V, crack propagation rates are experimentally determined and used for an analytical modeling and simulation of fatigue. Using experimental results from HCF tests and simulated data, the fatigue and crack resistance performance is analyzed considering material specific defects and surface roughness. The accumulated results enable the reliable prediction of the defects influence on fatigue life of laser additive manufactured titanium components.

M. Salve, Khairunnisa Amreen, P. Pattnaik et al.

: Digital fabrication technology, also referred to as 3D printing or additive manufacturing, creates physical objects from a geometrical representation by successive addition of materials. 3D printing technology is a fast-emerging technology. Nowadays, 3D Printing is widely used in the world. 3D printing technology increasingly used for the mass customization, production of any types of open source designs in the field of agriculture, in healthcare, automotive industry, locomotive industry and aviation industries. 3D printing technology can print an object layer by layer deposition of material directly from a computer aided design (CAD) model. This paper presents the overview of the types of 3D printing technologies, the application of 3D printing technology and lastly, the materials used for 3D printing technology in manufacturing industry.

E. Glaeser, W. Kerr

Chad Syverson

Jay Lee, H. D. Ardakani, Shanhu Yang et al.

Abstract With the rapid advancement of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and the integration of advanced analytics into manufacturing, products and services, many industries are facing new opportunities and at the same time challenges of maintaining their competency and market needs. Such integration, which is called Cyber-physical Systems (CPS), is transforming the industry into the next level. CPS facilitates the systematic transformation of massive data into information, which makes the invisible patterns of degradations and inefficiencies visible and yields to optimal decision-making. This paper focuses on existing trends in the development of industrial big data analytics and CPS. Then it briefly discusses a systematic architecture for applying CPS in manufacturing called 5C. The 5C architecture includes necessary steps to fully integrate cyber-physical systems in the manufacturing industry. Finally, a case study for designing smart machines through the 5C CPS architecture is presented.

M. Timmer, B. Los, Robert Stehrer et al.

Increasing fragmentation of production across borders is changing the nature of international competition. As a result, conventional indicators of competitiveness based on gross exports are becoming less informative and new measures are needed. This paper proposes an ex-post accounting framework of the value added and workers that are directly and indirectly related to the production of final manufacturing goods. The framework focuses on manufactures global value chain income and manufactures global value chain jobs. The paper outlines these concepts and provides trends in European countries based on a recent multi-sector, input-output model of the world economy. The analysis finds that since 1995, revealed comparative advantage of the European Union 27 is shifting to activities related to the production of nonelectrical machinery and transport equipment. The workers involved in manufactures global value chains are increasingly in services, rather than manufacturing industries. The analysis also finds a strong shift toward activities carried out by high-skilled workers, highlighting the uneven distributional effects of fragmentation. The results show that a global value chain perspective is needed to inform the policy debates on competitiveness.

A. Bernard, J. Jensen, Peter K. Schott

Robin Armingaud, Romaric Besançon

While large general-purpose Transformer-based encoders excel at general language understanding, their performance diminishes in specialized domains like manufacturing due to a lack of exposure to domain-specific terminology and semantics. In this paper, we address this gap by introducing ManufactuBERT, a RoBERTa model continually pretrained on a large-scale corpus curated for the manufacturing domain. We present a comprehensive data processing pipeline to create this corpus from web data, involving an initial domain-specific filtering step followed by a multi-stage deduplication process that removes redundancies. Our experiments show that ManufactuBERT establishes a new state-of-the-art on a range of manufacturing-related NLP tasks, outperforming strong specialized baselines. More importantly, we demonstrate that training on our carefully deduplicated corpus significantly accelerates convergence, leading to a 33\% reduction in training time and computational cost compared to training on the non-deduplicated dataset. The proposed pipeline offers a reproducible example for developing high-performing encoders in other specialized domains. We will release our model and curated corpus at https://huggingface.co/cea-list-ia.

Noël Hallemans, Philipp Dechent, David Howey et al.

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have an important role in the shift required to achieve a global net-zero carbon target of 2050. Electrode manufacture is amongst the most expensive steps of the LIB manufacturing process and, despite its apparent maturity, optimised manufacturing conditions are arrived at by largely trial and error. Currently, LIB manufacturing plants are controlled to follow the fixed "recipe" obtained by trial and error, which may nonetheless be suboptimal. Moreover, regulating the process as a whole to conform to the set conditions is not widespread. Inspired by control approaches used in other film and sheet processes, we discuss opportunities for implementing real-time process control of electrode-related products, which has the potential to reduce the electrode manufacturing cost, CO2 emissions, usage of resources by increases in process yield, and throughput. We highlight the challenges and significant opportunities of implementing real-time process control in LIB electrode production lines.

Rongfei Li

The use of robotic technology has drastically increased in manufacturing in the 21st century. But by utilizing their sensory cues, humans still outperform machines, especially in micro scale manufacturing, which requires high-precision robot manipulators. These sensory cues naturally compensate for high levels of uncertainties that exist in the manufacturing environment. Uncertainties in performing manufacturing tasks may come from measurement noise, model inaccuracy, joint compliance (e.g., elasticity), etc. Although advanced metrology sensors and high precision microprocessors, which are utilized in modern robots, have compensated for many structural and dynamic errors in robot positioning, a well-designed control algorithm still works as a comparable and cheaper alternative to reduce uncertainties in automated manufacturing. Our work illustrates that a multi-robot control system that simulates the positioning process for fastening and unfastening applications can reduce various uncertainties, which may occur in this process, to a great extent. In addition, most research papers in visual servoing mainly focus on developing control and observation architectures in various scenarios, but few have discussed the importance of the camera's location in the configuration. In a manufacturing environment, the quality of camera estimations may vary significantly from one observation location to another, as the combined effects of environmental conditions result in different noise levels of a single image shot at different locations. Therefore, in this paper, we also propose a novel algorithm for the camera's moving policy so that it explores the camera workspace and searches for the optimal location where the image noise level is minimized.

Charu Tripathi, Manish Arora, Amaresh Chakrabarti

Direct measurement ergonomic assessment is reshaping occupational safety by facilitating highly reliable risk estimation. Industry 5.0, advocating human-centricity, has catalysed increasing adoption of direct measurement tools in manufacturing industries. However, due to technical and feasibility constraints in their practical implementations, especially within non routine manufacturing processes, task based approach to ergonomic assessment is utilized. Despite enabling operationalization of robust ergonomic assessment technologies within complicated industrial processes, task based approach raises several validity concerns. Hence, to ascertain functional utility of the resultant safety interventions, this study evaluates the construct validity of task based ergonomic assessment within non routine work utilizing Multitrait multimethod (MTMM) matrix followed by video-based content analysis. Ergonomic exposure traits were collected for 46 participants through direct measurement and self reported techniques utilizing inertial motion capture and Borg's RPE rating scale respectively. Findings include unsubstantiated convergent validity (low same trait correlations from 0.149 to 0.243) and weak evidence of discriminant validity with statistical significance (p value less than 0.001). The study also identifies three primary factors undermining construct validity through video based content analysis. Findings also elucidate misinterpretation of ergonomic risk and action levels. Therefore, practical implications entail underestimation of actual ergonomic risks when estimated through task based assessment. This highlights the need for enhancement in ergonomic assessment technologies focused on cumulative load analysis compatible within diverse industrial processes.

M. D. Barath Kumar, R. Madesh, M. Sathishkumar et al.

The fusion-based single pulsed gas metal arc welding (SP-GMAW) additive manufacturing (AM) process has attracted considerable attention because of its high production efficiency, elevated deposition rates, and near-net-shape capabilities. The present study presents a comparative investigation of Hastelloy C-276 and Hastelloy C-22 thin-walled components fabricated using a SP-GMAW based AM process. This study thoroughly investigates the microstructure, material properties, and residual stress of the components. The microstructures in various regions comprise dendrite structure in Hastelloy C-276 and C-22 superalloys. The Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) analysis revealed a discrepancy in elemental composition between C-276 and C-22 materials. Additionally, the average grain size in the top, middle, and bottom portions of C-22 are <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$67.8~\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$78.6~\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$87.6~\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m while C-276 has <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$72.5~\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$80.2~\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$96.8~\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m, respectively. Compared to the build direction, the travel direction has a higher mean microhardness. Hastelloy C-22 achieves a maximum hardness of 320 HV, while Hastelloy C-276 has a hardness of 286 HV. The highest recorded tensile strength for Hastelloy C-22 was <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$772~\pm ~5.1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MPa, whereas Hastelloy C-276 displayed a tensile strength of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$758~\pm ~4.1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MPa in the upper regions along the travel direction. According to the stress distribution, the as-fabricated specimens of Hastelloy C-276 and C-22 are mostly impacted by tensile residual stress. Research on Hastelloy C series alloy comparisons and single pulsed GMAW-based WAAM technologies is limited and progressing. The comparative results of this research will be significant in the chemical-based, nuclear energy, maritime, and manufacturing industries.

Erzsébet Egyed-Faluvégi, Attila Levente Gergely, József Kántor

Plastic spur gears have gained significant attention in the last couple of decades in all industries where rotational motion is involved. Plastic gears have the advantages of light weight, shock absorption, low operation noise levels, and functioning without lubrication. However, the manufacturing precision of gears and gear tooth profiles has a significant effect on the lifetime of the gears. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 3D printing (Fused Deposition Modeling) parameters on the precision of the tooth profile. To study the effect of layer thickness, printing speed, and infill parameters, the Box–Behnken experimental design was utilized. The results show that the mean profile deviation was 0.067 ± 0.02 mm, and the printing speed had a statistically significant effect on the precision of the tooth profile. Plastic 3D printing provides more design freedom; therefore, it is a promising technology for low production volumes and special geometry gear manufacturing.

Ji Hwan Park, Chang Bong Ban, Jong Hwan Kim et al.

External stores on low-speed rotorcraft are subjected to various external forces depending on the aircraft's operating conditions. While there are different types of external forces, this paper focuses on flight loads as defined by US defense specifications. Flight loads consist of static and dynamic loads. Static loads on aircraft external stores include inertial loads resulting from aircraft maneuvers and aerodynamic loads caused by the downward flow of the main wing. To define the inertial load, the inertial load factor on external stores was calculated, while the minimum analysis case for aerodynamic load was derived from trim analysis of rotorcraft blades. The critical design load diagram was developed by combining these factors, and ANSYS was utilized to analyze the structural robustness under static loads. Based on the characteristics of the main wing, a finite element analysis was conducted using a vibration profile tailored to the actual operating environment and an impact profile suitable for the impact conditions. Structural robustness was further assessed through actual tests. This analysis provides essential data for airworthiness certification, allowing for the safe installation of external stores on low-speed rotorcraft.

Claudie‐Maude Canuel, Evelyne Thiffault, Nelson Thiffault

ABSTRACT Many jurisdictions within the boreal and temperate biomes have adopted targets to increase the contribution of forest bioenergy for climate change mitigation. Using residual forest biomass as feedstock is considered, but the carbon emission reductions associated with this practice remain controversial. Our study evaluated how intensifying wood procurement for bioenergy production, alongside supplying fiber for conventional wood industries, can support low‐carbon forest management. We used six sites established in eastern Canada as a case study. We compared the carbon balance of four harvesting scenarios with increasing wood procurement intensity (from procuring sawtimber only to procuring sawtimber, pulpwood and biomass) to three scenarios of unharvested forests, two of which experienced natural disturbances. We modeled carbon fluxes over a 100‐year simulation period, considering biogenic and fossil emissions from aboveground forest ecosystems, harvested wood products, and wood supply and manufacturing. We assessed the mitigation potential of procuring biomass to produce bioenergy in the form of stemwood, treetops (including branches) or pulpwood. We found that forest harvesting, regardless of the wood procurement intensity, offered limited carbon benefits compared to the referenced undisturbed mature stands in most cases. However, increasing wood procurement can reduce the carbon footprint of wood supply chains, with pulpwood identified as a key feedstock. Compared with harvesting roundwood for conventional industries only, procuring biomass for bioenergy is likely to increase carbon emissions unless it substitutes high‐emission energy sources on markets or enhances the next‐rotation stand yield, which seems achievable in the context we studied. Bioenergy displacement factors should range from 0.072 to 0.701 tonne of carbon emission reduction per tonne of carbon in the bioenergy product, depending on stand characteristics, biomass feedstock, and cutting cycle length. Our findings provide a foundation for assessing the GHG reduction potential of harvesting activities at a broader scale, considering varying feedstock recovery intensities.