Mixed Reality (MR) technologies are increasingly adopted by enterprises to enhance remote collaboration, enabling users to share real-time views of their physical environments through head-mounted displays (HMDs). While MR spatial sharing offers significant benefits, it introduces complex security and privacy risks, particularly in balancing employee collaboration needs with enterprise data protection requirements across office and personal spaces. This paper investigates these challenges through formative interviews with employees and expert consultations with professionals in cybersecurity, IoT, technology risk, and corporate legal domains. We present a conceptual framework for secure MR spatial sharing in enterprise contexts and identify critical concerns and requirements for system design. Based on our findings, we offer actionable recommendations to guide the development of secure and privacy-preserving MR spatial sharing solutions for future enterprise deployments.
Frontier large language models (LLMs) excel as autonomous agents in many domains, yet they remain untested in complex enterprise systems where hidden workflows create cascading effects across interconnected databases. Existing enterprise benchmarks evaluate surface-level agentic task completion similar to general consumer benchmarks, ignoring true challenges in enterprises, such as limited observability, large database state, and hidden workflows with cascading side effects. We introduce World of Workflows (WoW), a realistic ServiceNow-based environment incorporating 4,000+ business rules and 55 active workflows embedded in the system, alongside WoW-bench, a benchmark of 234 tasks evaluating constrained agentic task completion and enterprise dynamics modeling capabilities. We reveal two major takeaways: (1) Frontier LLMs suffer from dynamics blindness, consistently failing to predict the invisible, cascading side effects of their actions, which leads to silent constraint violations, and (2) reliability in opaque systems requires grounded world modeling, where agents must mentally simulate hidden state transitions to bridge the observability gap when high-fidelity feedback is unavailable. For reliable and useful enterprise agents, WoW motivates a new paradigm to explicitly learn system dynamics. We release our GitHub for setting up and evaluating WoW.
Achmad Barlian, Dinda Maulina Pangestu, Hilka Agustina Maryamah
et al.
This study explores how urban cooperatives contribute to people-centered economic development through the framework of Local Economic Development (LED). Using a qualitative approach within a post-positivist paradigm, it examines the case of Koperasi Merah Putih in Jakarta. The findings indicate that cooperative performance is shaped by governance, member participation, institutional backing, and local socio-economic conditions. Strong governance and active member engagement are linked to greater social equity and economic gains. However, bureaucratic barriers and limited policy coherence remain key challenges. The study highlights the need for context-specific strategies and collaborative governance to improve cooperative outcomes. It contributes to the discourse on cooperative-driven development by showing how participatory approaches can foster inclusive growth. Policy recommendations include targeted support, improved stakeholder coordination, and adaptive governance to strengthen urban cooperatives.
Economics as a science, Management of special enterprises
This article tries to examine the financial performance of the informal enterprises in the clusters and factors determining their financial performance. It is based on primary data collected through a customised sample survey in four districts of Assam, namely Dhubri, Nalbari, Lakhimpur and Majuli. Three indicators of financial performance of the enterprises were taken, namely gross value added, income accruing to the entrepreneur’s household from the enterprise and profit. It was found that the financial performance of the sample enterprises was not satisfactory. Most of the enterprises were providing subsistence income to the entrepreneurs. Although only a few of the enterprises were earning profit, those were providing employment opportunities to the owners and their family members. In other words, the enterprises were the sources of their livelihood. Further, the financial performance of the enterprises was not linked to their access to credit and level of education. As these enterprises were the sources of livelihood of the sample entrepreneurs, policies should be there for providing social security to those entrepreneurs’ households.
Blockchain-based decentralised lending is a rapidly growing and evolving alternative to traditional lending, but it poses new risks. To mitigate these risks, lending protocols have integrated automated risk management tools into their smart contracts. However, the effectiveness of the latest risk management features introduced in the most recent versions of these lending protocols is understudied. To close this gap, we use a panel regression fixed effects model to empirically analyse the cross-version (v2 and v3) and cross-chain (L1 and L2) effectiveness of liquidation mechanisms, measured through TVL and total revenue as proxies for performance of the two most popular lending protocols, Aave and Compound, during the period Jan 2021 to Dec 2024. Our analysis reveals that liquidation events in v3 of both protocols lead to an increase in total value locked and total revenue, with stronger impact on the L2 blockchain compared to L1. In contrast, liquidations in v2 have an insignificant impact, which indicates that the most recent v3 protocols have better risk management than the earlier v2 protocols. We also show that L1 blockchains are the preferred choice among large investors for their robust liquidity and ecosystem depth, while L2 blockchains are more popular among retail investors for their lower fees and faster execution.
Agents are rapidly advancing in automating digital work, but enterprises face a harder challenge: moving beyond prototypes to deployed systems that deliver measurable business value. This path is complicated by fragmented frameworks, slow development, and the absence of standardized evaluation practices. Generalist agents have emerged as a promising direction, excelling on academic benchmarks and offering flexibility across task types, applications, and modalities. Yet, evidence of their use in production enterprise settings remains limited. This paper reports IBM's experience developing and piloting the Computer Using Generalist Agent (CUGA), which has been open-sourced for the community (https://github.com/cuga-project/cuga-agent). CUGA adopts a hierarchical planner--executor architecture with strong analytical foundations, achieving state-of-the-art performance on AppWorld and WebArena. Beyond benchmarks, it was evaluated in a pilot within the Business-Process-Outsourcing talent acquisition domain, addressing enterprise requirements for scalability, auditability, safety, and governance. To support assessment, we introduce BPO-TA, a 26-task benchmark spanning 13 analytics endpoints. In preliminary evaluations, CUGA approached the accuracy of specialized agents while indicating potential for reducing development time and cost. Our contribution is twofold: presenting early evidence of generalist agents operating at enterprise scale, and distilling technical and organizational lessons from this initial pilot. We outline requirements and next steps for advancing research-grade architectures like CUGA into robust, enterprise-ready systems.
Manh Chien Vu, Thang Le Dinh, Manh Chien Vu
et al.
The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) offers transformative potential for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), particularly in enhancing financial decision-making processes. However, SMEs often face significant barriers to implementing AI technologies, including limited resources, technical expertise, and data management capabilities. This paper presents a conceptual model for the adoption of AI in financial decision-making for SMEs. The proposed model addresses key challenges faced by SMEs, including limited resources, technical expertise, and data management capabilities. The model is structured into layers: data sources, data processing and integration, AI model deployment, decision support and automation, and validation and risk management. By implementing AI incrementally, SMEs can optimize financial forecasting, budgeting, investment strategies, and risk management. This paper highlights the importance of data quality and continuous model validation, providing a practical roadmap for SMEs to integrate AI into their financial operations. The study concludes with implications for SMEs adopting AI-driven financial processes and suggests areas for future research in AI applications for SME finance.
Roman Lohosha, Svitlana Lutkovska, Oksana Pidvalna
et al.
Purpose. The paper aims to present the concept and methodology for identifying ecologically and economically consistent parameters of production processes in vegetable growing.
Methodology / approach. The research methodology assumes that crop production efficiency can be assessed by the carbon balance, where such a balance can have a specific economic expression as one of the efficiency criteria. The above is proposed to be carried out on the basis of the authors’ approach to assessing ecologically and economically consistent parameters of production processes in vegetable growing by the dynamics and balance of soil organic matter (humus).
Results. The paper presents the results of the study of environmental problems of modern vegetable production, which provided the basis for a new interpretation of productivity, costs, efficiency, and balance of the industry. This interpretation was carried out on the basis of actual material on the industry operation in Ukraine as a whole and on the example of individual enterprises of the Vinnytsia region. On this basis, a complex – ecological and economic – criterion of production efficiency was proposed, as well as possible ways to solve the problem of environmental risks through the formation of a special type of management. One of the results was the empirical reflection of the processes of using and reproducing fertility as a capital-forming factor of long-term investment action in industry models.
Originality / scientific novelty. For the first time, a description of the dynamics of Ukrainian vegetable production over the last 35 years was carried out as a separate, original model based on the following variables: productivity, manufacturability (costs and payback of fertilisers), weighted average indicators of annual mineralisation and humification, as well as the general balance of reproducing soil fertility in the production process. This model allows for the assessment of industry environmental risks and the justification of recommendations on the possibility of their minimisation. For the first time, the parameters of the positive impact of the transition to a market model of vegetable production were described using the criterion of soil fertility reproduction.
Practical value / implications. Assessment, modelling, and forecasting of ecologically and economically consistent parameters of production processes in vegetable growing, in addition to scientific interest, is considered as a direct tool for maximising the efficiency of the vegetable market as a whole. In particular, the proposed approach is the basis for substantiating the structure (ratio of crops) and parameters (fertilisation, productivity, costs, efficiency) of vegetable production within the defined limitations of environmental management.
In the face of increasingly severe environmental protection pressures, enterprises need to balance the relationship between economic pressure and environmental responsibility. As an ex-post environmental policy, environmental auditing may beKey regulatory role in realizing this balance, which comprehensively supervises the production, operation and emission performance of enterprises, aims to assess and ensure the effective implementation of ecological protection measures, and becomes a special way of “post-event accountability” in the process of corporate environmental management. Based on the panel data of A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2021, the article analyzes the impact of environmental auditing on corporate ESG performance and its internal mechanism using a multi-period double-difference model.The results of the study show that: firstly, environmental auditing can help enterprises improve their ESG performance and make the environmental governance method of “post-event accountability” practicable; Secondly, environmental auditing has a positive impact on corporate ESG through inhibition, regulation and supervision effects, i.e., it can inhibit corporate “greenwashing” behavior and enhance the authenticity of environmental information disclosure; regulate corporate management and reduce the frequency of violations; strengthen public supervision duties and prompt the media to pay more attention to corporate environmental performance; and lastly, environmental auditing has a more obvious effect on the enhancement of ESG performance of state-owned enterprises and small-scale enterprises. The findings of this paper enrich the green governance effect of eco-auditing and expand the research on the impact of corporate ESG performance.
This paper adduces a novel definition of regulatory enterprise information governance as a strategic framework that acts through control mechanisms designed to assure accountability in managing decision rights over information and data assets in organizations. This new pragmatic definition takes the perspectives of both the practitioner and of the scholar. It builds upon earlier definitions to take a novel and more clearly regulatory approach and to synthesize a new definition for such governance; to build out a view of it as a scalable regulatory framework for large or complex organizations that sees governance from this new perspective as a business architecture or target operating model in this increasingly critical domain. The paper supports and enables scholarly consideration and further research. It looks at definitions of information and data; of strategy in relation to information and data; of data management; of enterprise architecture; of governance, and governance as a type of strategic endeavor, and of the nature of strategic and tactical policies and standards that form the basis for such governance.
The article focuses on the study of current challenges and peculiarities of ensuring economic security of enterprises in times of crisis. Different approaches to understanding the concept of economic security and its components are analyzed. It is determined that the key element is financial security, which requires special attention in the context of martial law. The influence of external threats on the activities of enterprises is investigated and the basic principles of financial security management are systematized. Innovative approaches to the transformation of business processes, including digitalization, data management and supply chain optimization, are considered. The main components of the financial security mechanism are highlighted: information and organizational, functional and analytical, control and monitoring.
Purpose: Promoting an active lifestyle integrated into everyday routines cannot be just a dream for the Iranian population. Developing model to promote an active lifestyle for people of different age groups can help them create healthy habits for life that will continue into adulthood and lead a long, happy and healthy life. Methods: Accordingly, the aim of this study was to develop a model to promote an active lifestyle for the Iranian Population. Constructivist grounded theory as a popular method was used in this study. Deep and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 experts in sports sciences, medical sciences and development sciences in Iran who participated in this study. The study participants were selected using both snowball sampling and purposive sampling. In this study, the data were coded and analyzed based on z constructivist grounded theory (Charmaz, 2006). Results: The results demonstrated that a behavior change should be created in people who did not believe in sport and physical activity and also the principles of the behavior change were presented. Moreover, formal education organizations can redevelop their vision and mission to promote an active lifestyle for the Iranian population and provide short, medium and long-term planning for different ecosystems in Iran. Additionally, individual qualifications that can lead to the institutionalization of physical activity contributing to the health control were provided. Conclusion: If this model is guided correctly, it will lead to promoting an active lifestyle for the Iranian population.
Recently, digital transformation has caught much attention of both academics and practitioners. With the advent of digital technologies, small-and-medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have obtained the capacity to initiate digital transformation initiatives in a similar fashion to large-sized organizations. The innate characteristics of digital technologies also favor SMEs in promoting initiation of digital transformation. However, the process digital transformation in SMEs remains a black box and the existing findings of digital transformation in SMEs are limited and remain fragmented. Considering the important contribution SMEs can offer to nations and economies; it is timely and relevant to conduct a profound analysis on digital transformation in SMEs. By conducting a thorough review of existing related literature in management, information systems, and business disciplines, this book chapter aims to understand both internal and external enablers of the digital transformation in SMEs.
Tri Ismu Pujiyanto, Helkim Sarino Laode Manika, Rita Dewi
Background: Professional Nursing Practice Model Training (Model Praktik Keperawatan Profesional; MPKP) is one of the efforts to improve the quality of service in hospitals in nursing services to minimize errors or omissions that can occur. The training carried out is expected to be able to improve the implementation of pillar IV NCDS in hospitals.
Aims: This study aimed to determine the effect of MPKP training with the application of pillar IV NCDS at the General Hospital of the Evangelical Masehi Church Bolaang Mongondow Monompia Kotamobagu.
Methods: This research is a quantitative research type with a pre-experimental research design one group pre-test post-test design. This research was conducted in August 2022 as many as 52 nurse respondents working at the Monompia GMIBM Hospital Kotamobagu.
Results: From the survey, it shows that the intervention will increase the number of nurses implementing the Pillar IV Nursing Care Delivery System (Pillar IV NCDs) including the assessment element (from 76.9% to 90.4%), nursing diagnosis (from 36.5% to 75.0%), planning (from 51.9% to 88.5%), action or measurement (from 84.6% and 92.3%), evaluation (from 46.2% to 90.4%), and nursing care notes (78.8% and 98.1%). There are differences in the implementation of pillar IV NCDS before and after being given MPKP training (p-value: <0.001). it is known that education level and the work experience of the nurses will significantly determine the success of the training, respectively with p value of <0.001 and 0.004.
Conclusion: From the survey, we may note how the Professional Nursing Practice Model Training (MPKP) affecting the number of nursing implementing the Pillar IV NCDs. Data from the results can be used as recommendation to the hospitals’ human resources department in designing their program in order to increase the nurses’ competences.
With industrialisation, radical alterations in the life of many rapidly developing countries are visible. Lack of well-designed and appropriate safety measures leads to serious adverse health consequences to the workforce found in MSMEs. Workplace injuries are a leading cause of substantial disabilities globally. According to the International Labour Organization, 270 million workplace accidents occur annually. The factors that emerged to significantly influence personal protective equipment (PPE) use included acceptability, availability, attractive and not using PPE despite being trained and aware of the hazard. There was no significant relationship between lack of co-worker/supervisor influence to use of PPE and social demographics. It is recommended that employers and other stakeholder intensify their roles on PPE policy guidelines, training and awareness campaigns, compliance surveillance on PPE use by all workers in these industries as well as ensure a safe working environment. Employers should ensure that PPE are available, accessible, well-fitting and comfortable to wear and that they are used appropriately and consistently by the workers at all times. PPE is any material, device, equipment or clothing used or worn by workers to protect them from exposure or contact with any harmful material or energy which may cause injury, disease or even death. The study assessed the utilisation of PPE among workers in small-scale industries in Chennai city. The study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive design. Purposive sampling technique was used to select Chennai city. Simple random sampling was used to select 10 industries that were included in the study. Random sampling technique was also used to select a sample of 250 workers from the selected industries.
Knowledge management systems (KMS) are in high demand for industrial researchers, chemical or research enterprises, or evidence-based decision making. However, existing systems have limitations in categorizing and organizing paper insights or relationships. Traditional databases are usually disjoint with logging systems, which limit its utility in generating concise, collated overviews. In this work, we briefly survey existing approaches of this problem space and propose a unified framework that utilizes relational databases to log hierarchical information to facilitate the research and writing process, or generate useful knowledge from references or insights from connected concepts. Our framework of bidirectional knowledge management system (BKMS) enables novel functionalities encompassing improved hierarchical note-taking, AI-assisted brainstorming, and multi-directional relationships. Potential applications include managing inventories and changes for manufacture or research enterprises, or generating analytic reports with evidence-based decision making.
Yield farming represents an immensely popular asset management activity in decentralized finance (DeFi). It involves supplying, borrowing, or staking crypto assets to earn an income in forms of transaction fees, interest, or participation rewards at different DeFi marketplaces. In this systematic survey, we present yield farming protocols as an aggregation-layer constituent of the wider DeFi ecosystem that interact with primitive-layer protocols such as decentralized exchanges (DEXs) and protocols for loanable funds (PLFs). We examine the yield farming mechanism by first studying the operations encoded in the yield farming smart contracts, and then performing stylized, parameterized simulations on various yield farming strategies. We conduct a thorough literature review on related work, and establish a framework for yield farming protocols that takes into account pool structure, accepted token types, and implemented strategies. Using our framework, we characterize major yield aggregators in the market including Yearn Finance, Beefy, and Badger DAO. Moreover, we discuss anecdotal attacks against yield aggregators and generalize a number of risks associated with yield farming.
Marlon Dumas, Fabiana Fournier, Lior Limonad
et al.
AI-Augmented Business Process Management Systems (ABPMSs) are an emerging class of process-aware information systems, empowered by trustworthy AI technology. An ABPMS enhances the execution of business processes with the aim of making these processes more adaptable, proactive, explainable, and context-sensitive. This manifesto presents a vision for ABPMSs and discusses research challenges that need to be surmounted to realize this vision. To this end, we define the concept of ABPMS, we outline the lifecycle of processes within an ABPMS, we discuss core characteristics of an ABPMS, and we derive a set of challenges to realize systems with these characteristics.
The demands of rapid technological development in the industrial era 4.0 and also the covid-19 pandemic that happened in Indonesia encourage Education and Training Institutions to continue to move dynamically. To deal with this, Balai Diklat Keagamaan Surabaya needs to produce quality human resources through the use of optimal information technology, namely the Learning Management System (LMS). Based on these reviews, this study aims to describe how the Learning Management System (LMS) is used in Protocol Technical Distance Training and to find out how far this learning is able to improve the competence of training participants, both knowledge competence, skill competence, and attitude competence. This research was conducted on 54 participants of Protocol Technical Distance Training. The results of the study, most of the data were obtained through online media and observations, showed that there was an increase of 21.19% between the initial and final scores of knowledge competencies (from a mean of 56.07 to 77.26). From the aspect of skills, it can be seen from the completion of the assignment of participants in each training course that the scores are above completeness. From the aspect of attitude competence, it can be seen that the disciplinary aspect of the participants in participating in the training and in terms of completing tasks is always done on time. These results indicate that the use of the Learning Management System of the Surabaya Religious Education and Training Center can improve the competency of the Protocol Technical Distance Training participants.
Economics as a science, Management of special enterprises
Introduction. This article deals with foreign workers and specialists in the ‘Vodokanalizatsiya’ trust in Leningrad. The trust was involved in the design, construction and operation of water supply and sewerage – the most important systems for the modernization of urban space. Obviously, the attitude towards foreigners could have its own specifics in relation to other enterprises, since the trust did not belong to the most important industrial branches. So, in particular, the so-called Secret Section with a number of secret departments or the Special Bureau, a kind of branch of the OGPU-NKVD, are gradually beginning to play an increasingly important role in the management of this enterprise. Methods and materials. The article is based on materials from the Central State Archives of St. Petersburg, ‘Vodokanalizatsiya’ trust, and one of the secret departments. Analysis. Through the Special Bureau in the late 1920s – 1930s new principles of interaction with employees were introduced. The Special Bureau paid special attention to the so-called “former people”, representatives of non-titular peoples of the USSR and, of course, foreigners. All this took place under conditions of an acute shortage of skilled labour in Leningrad. Results. Thus, the interests of the economic development of the state came into conflict with other interests, which in literature are designated to be “ideological” and are rarely analysed in detail. In the course of this analysis, it was possible to establish that the foreigners were not too closely associated with ideology. On the contrary, education of labour discipline and counteraction to sabotage, as well as domestic and foreign political events, came to the fore. The secret branch of the trust did exercise control over the work of its employees and, if necessary, could directly contact the police or the OGPU-NKVD. Apparently, there were no obvious problems with foreigners at the enterprise, however, there was noticeable observation of a preventive nature. Thus, the role of the OGPU-NKVD in the development of Soviet industry in the 1930s is studied using the example of the ‘Vodokanalizatsiya’ trust.
History of Russia. Soviet Union. Former Soviet Republics, International relations