Comparative Algorithmic Governance of Public Health Instruments across India, EU, US and LMICs
Sahibpreet Singh
The study investigates the juridico-technological architecture of international public health instruments, focusing on their implementation across India, the European Union, the United States and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. It addresses a research lacuna: the insufficient harmonisation between normative health law and algorithmic public health infrastructures in resource-constrained jurisdictions. The principal objective is to assess how artificial intelligence augments implementation of instruments grounded in IHR 2005 and the WHO FCTC while identifying doctrinal and infrastructural bottlenecks. Using comparative doctrinal analysis and legal-normative mapping, the study triangulates legislative instruments, WHO monitoring frameworks, AI systems including BlueDot, Aarogya Setu and EIOS, and compliance metrics. Preliminary results show that AI has improved early detection, surveillance precision and responsiveness in high-capacity jurisdictions, whereas LMICs face infrastructural deficits, data privacy gaps and fragmented legal scaffolding. The findings highlight the relevance of the EU Artificial Intelligence Act and GDPR as regulatory prototypes for health-oriented algorithmic governance and contrast them with embryonic AI integration and limited internet penetration in many LMICs. The study argues for embedding AI within a rights-compliant, supranationally coordinated regulatory framework to secure equitable health outcomes and stronger compliance. It proposes a model for algorithmic treaty-making inspired by FCTC architecture and calls for WHO-led compliance mechanisms modelled on the WTO Dispute Settlement Body to enhance pandemic preparedness, surveillance equity and transnational governance resilience.
Scaling Law Analysis in Federated Learning: How to Select the Optimal Model Size?
Xuanyu Chen, Nan Yang, Shuai Wang
et al.
The recent success of large language models (LLMs) has sparked a growing interest in training large-scale models. As the model size continues to scale, concerns are growing about the depletion of high-quality, well-curated training data. This has led practitioners to explore training approaches like Federated Learning (FL), which can leverage the abundant data on edge devices while maintaining privacy. However, the decentralization of training datasets in FL introduces challenges to scaling large models, a topic that remains under-explored. This paper fills this gap and provides qualitative insights on generalizing the previous model scaling experience to federated learning scenarios. Specifically, we derive a PAC-Bayes (Probably Approximately Correct Bayesian) upper bound for the generalization error of models trained with stochastic algorithms in federated settings and quantify the impact of distributed training data on the optimal model size by finding the analytic solution of model size that minimizes this bound. Our theoretical results demonstrate that the optimal model size has a negative power law relationship with the number of clients if the total training compute is unchanged. Besides, we also find that switching to FL with the same training compute will inevitably reduce the upper bound of generalization performance that the model can achieve through training, and that estimating the optimal model size in federated scenarios should depend on the average training compute across clients. Furthermore, we also empirically validate the correctness of our results with extensive training runs on different models, network settings, and datasets.
Towards a Critical Pragmatic Philosophy of Sustainable Mathematics Education
Dennis Müller
This paper proposes critical pragmatism as a philosophy of sustainable mathematics education to bridge the gap between critical theory and the existing patchwork implementations. Combining existential sustainability as a holistic concept with pragmatic frameworks from the ethics in mathematics education literature creates a foundation enabling critical reflection and pragmatic implementation. We outline how their synthesis naturally leads to a three-stage implementation strategy: cultivating an ethical classroom culture, engaging with ethnomathematics, and tackling complex sustainability problems. Our critical pragmatic approach attempts to build a new philosophical perspective to equip teachers and students with the mathematical competencies, critical perspectives, and ethical grounding necessary to navigate and contribute to a sustainable future and to provide new analytic pathways.
Sports Business Administration and New Age Technology: Role of AI
Sahibpreet Singh, Pawan Kumar
This chapter explores the complexities of sports governance, taxation, dispute resolution, and the impact of digital transformation within the sports sector. This study identifies a critical research gap regarding the integration of innovative technologies to enhance governance and talent identification in sports law. The objective is to evaluate how data-driven approaches and AI can optimize recruitment processes; also ensuring compliance with existing regulations. A comprehensive analysis of current governance structures and taxation policies,(ie Income Tax Act and GST Act), reveals preliminary results indicating that reform is necessary to support sustainable growth in the sports economy. Key findings demonstrate that AI enhances player evaluation by minimizing biases and expanding access to diverse talent pools. While the Court of Arbitration for Sport provides an efficient mechanism for dispute resolution. The implications emphasize the need for regulatory reforms that align taxation policies with international best practices, promoting transparency and accountability in sports organizations. This research contributes valuable insights into the evolving dynamics of sports management, aiming to foster innovation and integrity in the industry.
Zeroth law of black hole thermodynamics for higher derivative Proca theories
Parthajit Biswas, Alokananda Kar, Anowar Shaikh
We prove the constancy of surface gravity across a Killing horizon (not necessarily of bifurcate type) in arbitrary higher curvature theories of gravity coupled to Proca fields $-$ vector fields lacking $U(1)$ gauge invariance $-$ thus generalizing the zeroth law to this broader class of theories. This is achieved within the framework of effective field theory, where higher curvature contributions are treated perturbatively around the leading two derivative theory. The result holds to arbitrary order in the effective field theory expansion. The proof is based on boost-weight arguments; implementing these arguments in the presence of a Proca field introduces subtleties beyond those encountered in the pure-gravity case, which we address here.
Sem direitos e sem perspectivas: O sofrimento da categoria frente à precarização do trabalho docente
Márcia Castilho de Sales
O texto é uma análise reflexiva sobre os direitos humanos e o trabalho docente. Ele tem como objetivo destacar na configuração atual do mundo do trabalho os problemas que mais afetam a categoria de educadores. Para trazer luzes sobre temas relacionados ao contexto docente, tais como: teletrabalho, o trabalho em plataformas digitais, a uberização da educação, a intensificação do trabalho docente e os ataques da extrema-direita na educação, foram resgatadas pesquisas desenvolvidas na academia para fomentar reflexões analíticas profundas sobre os direitos humanos e a categoria do trabalho docente. O texto finaliza com a necessidade de apoiarmos o educador nos seus direitos trabalhistas, reconfigurando o ambiente de trabalho para um espaço mais saudável que prime pelo trabalho coletivo, além da valorização da carreira do magistério e da escola pública de qualidade.
Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law
Portales de contacto y su responsabilidad frente al consumidor en Colombia
Frank David Guillermo Manga
En el proceso de la transformación digital en los modelos de negocios actuales, es indispensable reconocer el rol de los portales de contacto en las relaciones de consumo y su responsabilidad frente a los consumidores colombianos. Lo anterior, se desarrollará con base a la jurisprudencia y conceptos de la Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio. A la luz de la normatividad vigente, se identificará la presunta solidaridad con proveedores de los productos ofrecidos. Considerando que dichos portales se han catalogado como simples intermediarios cuando en realidad tienen una participación determinante junto a los proveedores en la adquisición de productos, lo cual puede ser fuente de arbitrariedades en contra los consumidores. La presente investigación pretende realizar una línea jurisprudencial que refleje el análisis de sentencias proferidas por la SIC desde el año 2019 hasta la fecha; útil para determinar el cumplimiento de los portales de contacto con los deberes establecidos en el Estatuto del Consumidor, específicamente en su artículo 53 y cuál ha sido su tratamiento jurisprudencial.
Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence, Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law
Las políticas de integración cívica. Contenidos, herramientas y dimensión de género
Sandra Gil Araujo
En este artículo recupero las conceptualizaciones de Javier de Lucas en torno a la integración cívica publicadas en la primera década de siglo XXI, para luego, a partir de la revisión de documentos y literatura especializada, desgranar los contenidos y herramientas que sustentan las políticas de integración cívica en los países europeos desde inicios el 2000, con especial atención a la dimensión de género. A partir de esta revisión sostengo que, en lugar de desvincular la ciudadanía de la nacionalidad, reconocer a las personas migrantes como ciudadanas y promover su participación en la esfera pública y política como propicia el pensamiento de Javier de Lucas, las políticas de integración cívica culturalizan, generizan y sexualizan la ciudadanía y operan como herramientas de control migratorio dentro y fuera del territorio nacional.
Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law
Los derechos humanos: dignidad y diferencia
José Antonio López García
El presente trabajo trata sobre el concepto de dignidad como valor básico de los derechos humanos. Para ello, se divide en tres apartados; el primero relativo al valor jurídico-moral que se le otorga a la dignidad de todo ser humano, debido principalmente a la debilidad de los poderes y garantías del derecho internacional humanitario para la protección de los derechos humanos; en el segundo apartado, se traza un bosquejo del “valor de verdad” de la dignidad humana entendida como un “ideal regulativo”; en el tercer apartado, por último, se exponen algunos de los argumentos escépticos o diferentes de los dialógicos o convencionales que mantienen la idea regulativa de la dignidad, con la intención de abrir el debate actual sobre la dignidad, los derechos humanos y su eficacia internacional.
Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law
АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ИНСТИТУТА ТРАНСГРАНИЧНОГО БАНКРОТСТВА
E.Y. Kovalenko, M.V. Litskas
В современных условиях правовое регулирование вопросов трансграничной несостоятельностисубъектов международного частного права приобретает особое значение в связи с усложнением экономической и внешнеполитической ситуации во всём мире. В таких условиях особое значение приобретают актуальные проблемы защиты прав и законных интересов кредиторов. В статье рассматриваются актуальные вопросы института трансграничного банкротства и задачи усовершенствованияпроцедур несостоятельности, осложнённых иностранным элементом. Авторы выделили следующие,наиболее важные и интересные, проблемные вопросы: 1) проблему «банкротного туризма» (и близко связанные с ней вопросы взаимного признания судебных решений и процессуального эстоппеля); 2) проблему привлечения контролирующих должника лиц к субсидиарной ответственностии 3) проблемные аспекты коллизионного регулирования оспаривания и признания недействительными сделок должника. Особое внимание авторами обращается на сложность и неоднозначные подходы к выбору применимого права и соответствующих привязок в подобных ситуациях. В результатеизучения российского и зарубежного опыта примененния норм международного частного права в судебной практике по делам, возникающим в сфере трансграничного банкротства, авторами был сформулирован вывод о том, что отечественные правовые основы правового регулирования отношенийв сфере трансграничного банкротства нуждаются в дальнейших изменениях, прежде всего на уровне восприятия универсальных или региональных соглашений, подобных Регламенту ЕС 20.05.2015N 2015/848 (Recast), в рамках которых урегулированы многие спорные вопросы, возникающиепри выборе применимого права в вопросах трансграничной несостоятельности (банкротства). Российскому законодателю также следует обратить пристальное внимание на проблемы трансграничнойнесостоятельности в нынешних санкционных условиях, предусмотреть механизмы приоритетной защиты прав отечественных участников хозяйственного оборота, при этом не исключая положительный зарубежный опыт правового регулирования в данной области.
Comparative law. International uniform law, Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law
Los videojuegos y sus condiciones normativas de las lootboxes y los DLC: estado sobre la protección al consumidor en Colombia
Daniel Lopera Díaz, Andrés Felipe Roncancio Bedoya, Cristian Camilo Carrillo Benítez
Históricamente, los videojuegos han presentado una clara evolución a nivel global, esto debido a la implementación de nuevas tecnologías, ello, no solo se remonta al área de desarrollo de estos (los videojuegos), también desde la perspectiva de mercadeo, así como social y jurídica. Por lo que, entre una de sus mayores muestras de desarrollo de mercadeo, es la aplicación de las denominadas LootBoxes o “cajas misteriosas”, por ello, es menester no solo entender a que refiere este concepto. También, hacía aquello que, a consecuencia de este se deriva, como la vulneración al consumidor, al ser considerados juegos de azar por parte de distintos Estados. Por ende, es necesario, identificar aquellas garantías presentes por parte de las compañías desarrolladoras con los consumidores, y como los distintos Estados, son participes en que se entreguen plenas garantías al consumidor.
Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence, Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law
Deformations and cohomology theory of Rota-Baxter $3$-Lie algebras of arbitrary weights
Shuangjian Guo, Yufei Qin, Kai Wang
et al.
A cohomology theory of weighted Rota-Baxter $3$-Lie algebras is introduced. Formal deformations, abelian extensions, skeletal weighted Rota-Baxter $3$-Lie 2-algebras and crossed modules of weighted Rota-Baxter 3-Lie algebras are interpreted by using lower degree cohomology groups.
How Haag-tied is QFT, really?
Chris Mitsch, Marian Gilton, David Freeborn
Haag's theorem cries out for explanation and critical assessment: it sounds the alarm that something is (perhaps) not right in one of the standard way of constructing interacting fields to be used in generating predictions for scattering experiments. Viewpoints as to the precise nature of the problem, the appropriate solution, and subsequently-called-for developments in areas of physics, mathematics, and philosophy differ widely. In this paper, we develop and deploy a conceptual framework for critically assessing these disparate responses to Haag's theorem. Doing so reveals the driving force of more general questions as to the nature and purpose of foundational work in physics.
en
physics.hist-ph, hep-th
El derecho a vivir bien desde el sistema jurídico comunitario y su implicancia en el traslado de la ciudad de Cerro de Pasco, producto de los trabajos mineros a tajo abierto
Eda Denise Palacios Cárdenas
El artículo resume el estudio realizado sobre la importancia de entender el vivir bien, tan conocido por nuestros pueblos ancestrales, como una forma de vida con y para la naturaleza y cómo su comprensión puede cimentar la planificación que permita el traslado de la población de Cerro de Pasco, ciudad nacida como minera, producto de sus inmensas vetas argentífiras y de qué forma este «milagro» natural se ha convertido en su propia destrucción. Durante más de un siglo se viene escribiendo sobre la urgencia de alojar a la población en un medio ambiente lejano a los trabajos mineros; sin embargo, la existencia de leyes no ha permitido concretar el ansiado sueño de vivir con dignidad, pues no importa que la salud de todos sus pobladores se menoscabe en la misma proporción en que se extraen los minerales. Asimismo, junto con la afectación al derecho a la salud, se afectan otros como el del patrimonio cultural, el medio ambiente, el desarrollo y la paz.
Public law, Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law
String theory, Einstein, and the identity of physics: Theory assessment in absence of the empirical
Jeroen van Dongen
String theorists are certain that they are practicing physicists. Yet, some of their recent critics deny this. This paper argues that this conflict is really about who holds authority in making rational judgment in theoretical physics. At bottom, the conflict centers on the question: who is a proper physicist? To illustrate and understand the differing opinions about proper practice and identity, we discuss different appreciations of epistemic virtues and explanation among string theorists and their critics, and how these have been sourced in accounts of Einstein's biography. Just as Einstein is claimed by both sides, historiography offers examples of both successful and unsuccessful non-empirical science. History of science also teaches that times of conflict are often times of innovation, in which novel scholarly identities may come into being. At the same time, since the contributions of Thomas Kuhn historians have developed a critical attitude towards formal attempts and methodological recipes for epistemic demarcation and justification of scientific practice. These are now, however, being considered in the debate on non-empirical physics.
en
physics.hist-ph, gr-qc
Beyond method: The diatribe between Feyerabend and Popper over the foundations of quantum mechanics
Flavio Del Santo
Karl Popper and Paul Feyerabend have been among the most influential philosophers of science of the twentieth century. Extensive studies have been dedicated to the development of their controversial relationship, which saw Feyerabend turning from a student and supporter of Popper to one of his harshest critics. Yet, it is not as well known that the rift between Popper and Feyerabend generated mainly in the context of their studies on the foundation of quantum mechanics, which has been the main subject of their discussions for about two decades. This paper reconstructs in detail their diatribe over the foundations of quantum mechanics, emphasizing also the major role that their personal relationship played in their distancing.
en
physics.hist-ph, quant-ph
El orden público ante la libertad religiosa. Reflexiones sobre un debate
Patrice Rolland, Trad. de Emilia Bea Pérez
Una práctica religiosa -el uso del velo integral- abrió un debate importante sobre los límites del orden público en relación con la libertad religiosa. En Francia, a raíz del Étude del Consejo de Estado adoptado en 2010, se hicieron varias distinciones: entre una concepción material e inmaterial del orden público, entre una concepción clásica y una concepción renovada y, en el plano político, entre una concepción liberal y una concepción republicana. El vínculo del orden público respecto a la libertad religiosa no es exáctamente igual al que mantiene con el resto de libertades, ya que la historia política los ha unido en una reflexión sobre los orígenes del Estado moderno. La búsqueda y justificación de los límites de la libertad religiosa conduce a un cuestionamiento más general del modelo político y social de la comunidad humana. Dicho de otra forma, este debate sobre el contenido del orden público se basa en si a las religiones, más allá del respeto al orden público en sentido estricto, se les puede exigir respetar el orden moral de una sociedad secularizada.
Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law
Venda Sexy: Memorias no oficiales de un centro de detención
Claudia Arellano Hermosilla
El siguiente artículo reflexiona en torno a las memorias y relatos de mujeres que fueron sobrevivientes del Centro de Detención y Tortura la Venda Sexy, de la Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional (DINA), durante la dictadura militar en Chile. Este recinto en particular agudizó la represión, volcada a la violencia política sexual. Dentro de estas condiciones, en extremo represivas, existieron instancias de resistencia y sororidad entre las mujeres, lo que les permitió doblegar esa herida histórica, hacia un proceso de agenciamiento, trasladada a la lucha feminista actual.
Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law
Reevaluating Politicized Identity & Notions of an American Political Community in the Legal & Political Process
Astrada Jd, L. Marvin
Corruption: Two Centuries Research (Through the Pages of the Book: Lut S. S. Corruption: Bibliographic Reference Book (1810-2018). Moscow: Kontrakt, 2019. 528 p.)
S. Malikov, Y. Gracheva
The work presents the book by S. S. Lut "Corruption: a Bibliographic Reference Book (1810-2018)" (Moscow: Kontrakt, 2019). The peer-reviewed bibliographic collection contains over 13 thousand publications for more than two centuries. When forming the bibliography, the author proceeded from the definition of corruption, which is contained in the Federal Law of December 25, 2008 No. 273-FZ "On Combating Corruption". The work under review presents compendiums that in one way or another touch upon the problems of corruption and combating corruption crimes. In particular, research is given in mathematics, political science, history, sociology, economic theory, psychology, philosophy, philology and geography, i.e. works on sciences that at first glance are very far from jurisprudence. All the material is structured based on two main criteria: classification by type of work and distribution by temporal aspect. The first chapter brings together monographs, textbooks and teaching aids, separate sections of which are devoted to the problems of corruption, while the works are presented in chronological order as they are published. The second chapter contains a list of monographs and textbooks, fully or mostly devoted to the characteristics and counteraction to corruption. The third chapter integrates relevant scientific articles. The fourth chapter covers dissertations and abstracts. Of particular interest to the reader is a critical analysis of legislative acts, in one way or another, aimed at combating corruption. The analytical article broadly presents international legal acts dedicated to the problem of corruption and the development of measures to prevent it.