Hasil untuk "Journalism. The periodical press, etc."

Р.Ш. Нуриден, М.Т. Мукашева, А.М. Тілепберген et al.

Бұл мақалада АҚШ-тың халықаралық «Азаттық» радиосы тарапынан Қытайдағы қазақ қаламгерлерінің шығармашылығына арналған радиохабарлардың мазмұны, мақсаттық бағыттылығы және мәдени-коммуникативтік маңызы жан-жақты талданады. ХХ ғасырдың екінші жартысында эфирге шыққан аталған бағдарламалар түрлі саяси, техникалық және ақпараттық кедергілерге байланысты Қазақстан аумағына толық таралмағанымен, олардың бірқатары сақталып, бүгінгі күнге дейін құнды рухани мұра ретінде жетіп отыр. «Азаттық» радиосының «Қазақ редакциясын» басқарған Хасен Оралтайдың бастамасымен жинақталған мұрағаттық қор қазіргі таңда ҚР Ұлттық академиялық кітапханасында сақталып, зерттеушілерге қолжетімді маңызды дереккөзге айналды. Осы материалдар негізінде 2023 жылы радионың 70 жылдығы мен Хасен Оралтайдың 90 жылдығына орай «Азаттық радиосынан сөйлеп тұрмыз» атты іргелі еңбек жарық көрді. Мақаланың негізгі мақсаты — Қытайдағы қазақ қаламгерлерінің шығармашылық мұрасын таныту мен оның халықаралық деңгейде насихатталуына «Азаттық» радиосының қосқан үлесін айқындау. Зерттеу барысында мәтіндік талдау, тарихи-салыстырмалы әдіс, дереккөздерге жүйелі шолу және нақты мысалдарды талдау тәсілдері қолданылды. Радиохабарлардағы ақпараттық деректер Қытайдағы қазақ қаламгерлерінің мерзімді баспасөздегі еңбектерімен салыстырыла қарастырылып, олардың өзара байланысы, ұқсастықтары мен айырмашылықтары айқындалды. Зерттеу нәтижелері «Азаттық» радиосының Қытайдағы қазақ әдеби қауымының шығармаларын анықтау, сақтау және кең аудиторияға таратуда ерекше тарихи-мәдени рөл атқарғанын көрсетеді. Сонымен қатар, радиохабарлардың ұлттық мәдениетті жаңғырту, тарихи жадты сақтау және Қазақстан мен Қытайдағы қазақ диаспоралары арасындағы рухани-мәдени байланысты нығайту бағытында маңызды коммуникативтік құрал болғаны дәлелденді. Мақалада аталған радиомұраның қазақ әдебиеті тарихын толықтырудағы, қаламгерлердің шығармашылық келбетін ашудағы ғылыми әлеуеті де тұжырымдалып көрсетіледі.

Victor Wilfredo Bohorquez-Lopez, Ana Elizabeth Gómez-Burns, Sofía C. Estremadoyro-Bejarano et al.

Propósito. El objetivo principal del estudio es analizar las publicaciones sobre transmedia y narrativa en la base de datos Scopus, identificando la evolución de los términos por año, para proponer una clasificación según las grandes temáticas encontradas. Metodología. Aplicamos un algoritmo de aprendizaje automático no supervisado, denominado modelado de temas, para identificar las principales temáticas tratadas. Luego aplicamos la codificación abierta y axial de la teoría fundamentada para identificar conceptos importantes, agregarlos y proponer temas de orden superior que puedan servir para clasificar el conocimiento generado sobre transmedia y narrativa. Resultados y conclusiones. Se revelan cinco temáticas investigadas, mostradas en un modelo evolutivo: Convergencia entre plataformas: juegos, televisión y películas; Intermedialidad, autoría y universos semióticos; Análisis semiótico y multimodalidad en narrativas transmedia; Interpretaciones políticas y culturales en el periodismo transmedia; y Explorando la narrativa transmedia en el entorno digital. Además, la narrativa multimodal se destaca como un campo de investigación crucial para comprender las nuevas formas en que los usuarios interactúan con contenidos transmedia a través de diversas plataformas y formatos, resaltando la necesidad de nuevos perfiles profesionales y de nuevas estrategias de comunicación para lograr entender los efectos de la narrativa transmedia, aprovechando el potencial de la multimodalidad en la era digital, sin descuidar la historia que se quiere contar y el impacto en el usuario a través de una monitorización adecuada. Aporte original. Combina métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos para identificar cinco grandes temáticas y su evolución temporal, proponiendo una base conceptual sólida para futuras investigaciones y aplicaciones profesionales.

Yue Jin, Seongku Hong, Hyunju Kang

This study examines how major newspapers in South Korea and China portrayed national crisis management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative content analysis with qualitative interpretation, this study systematically analyzes news frames and editorial tones across various phases. The qualitative analysis further clarifies the quantitative results. Editorials from The Chosun Daily, Hankyoreh, People’s Daily, and Ming Pao covering the period from 1 January 2020, to 31 March 2023, were reviewed. The research categorizes the pandemic into three distinct phases: the global spread of COVID-19, vaccine rollout, and living with the virus. It applies three news frames: crisis response, international relations, and responsibility attribution. In the initial phase, most newspapers focused on the crisis response frame, highlighting national mobilization and social solidarity. Notably, The Chosun Daily emphasized the international relations frame with the strongest critical tone. The crisis response frame continued to dominate in the second phase, accompanied by an increasingly critical tone. In the final phase, as the pandemic began to stabilize, the international relations frame significantly declined due to fewer global differences in pandemic responses. The results suggest that the media’s portrayal is influenced by political orientation and approaches to crisis management perspectives.

Thibaud Plantegenet, Mihai Arghir, Mohamed-Amine Hassini et al.

The present work presents the experimental analyses of a rigid (short) and a flexible (long) rotor subject to thermal unbalance effects. The rotors are supported by a ball bearing and by a cylindrical journal bearing. The differential heating generated in the journal bearing is responsible for the thermal unbalance. The results obtained with the short rotor at 7 krpm showed an increase in the synchronous amplitudes but slight phase changes before stabilization. The pronounced hysteresis of the synchronous amplitudes obtained during coast-down proved that the amplitude increase is due to the thermal unbalance. The results obtained for the long rotor at 6.6 krpm showed the same stabilized response when start-up was performed in 180___s. However, an instability leading to journal bearing contact was triggered when the start-up time was decreased to 80___s. The presented experimental results are the synchronous amplitudes and phases, the mean temperatures, and the maximum temperature differences of the journal and of the bearing and the phase lags between the high spot and the hot spot.

Chiaki Miura, Ichiro Sakata

Preprints have been considered primarily as a supplement to journal-based systems for the rapid dissemination of relevant scientific knowledge and have historically been supported by studies indicating that preprints and published reports have comparable authorship, references, and quality. However, as preprints increasingly serve as an independent medium for scholarly communication rather than precursors to the version of record, it remains uncertain how preprint usage is shaping scientific discourse. Our research revealed that the preprint citations exhibit significantly higher inequality than journal citations, consistently among categories. This trend persisted even when controlling for age and the mean citation count of the journal matched to each of the preprint categories. We also found that the citation inequality in preprints is not solely driven by a few highly cited papers or those with no impact, but rather reflects a broader systemic effect. Whether the preprint is subsequently published in a journal or not does not significantly affect the citation inequality. Further analyses of the structural factors show that preferential attachment does not significantly contribute to citation inequality in preprints, whereas author prestige plays a substantial role. Notably, the gap in citation inequality between the preprint category and the journal is more pronounced in fields where preprints are more established, such as mathematics, physics, and high-energy physics. This highlights a potential vulnerability in preprint ecosystems where reputation-driven citation may hinder scientific diversity.

Seokho Jin, Manseo Kim, Sungho Byun et al.

Reflective journaling often lacks personalization and fails to engage Generation Alpha and Z, who prefer visually immersive and fast-paced interactions over traditional text-heavy methods. Visual storytelling enhances emotional recall and offers an engaging way to process personal expe- riences. Designed with these digital-native generations in mind, this paper introduces Persode, a journaling system that integrates personalized onboarding, memory-aware conversational agents, and automated visual storytelling. Persode captures user demographics and stylistic preferences through a tailored onboarding process, ensuring outputs resonate with individual identities. Using a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) framework, it prioritizes emotionally significant memories to provide meaningful, context-rich interactions. Additionally, Persode dynamically transforms user experiences into visually engaging narratives by generating prompts for advanced text-to-image models, adapting characters, backgrounds, and styles to user preferences. By addressing the need for personalization, visual engagement, and responsiveness, Persode bridges the gap between traditional journaling and the evolving preferences of Gen Alpha and Z.

A.A. Nurshaikhova, M.O. Negizbayeva, E.I. Dudinova

Современное кинопроизводство, в том числе документальное кино, ищет альтернативные источники решения финансовых вопросов. Документалистика активно развивается, молодое поколение смотрит фильмы на смарт девайсах, растет спрос на производство новых проектов. Краудфандинг набирает большие обороты в сфере финансирования документальных фильмов. В западных странах краудфандинг показал значительные успехи, на их примере казахстанские режиссеры применяют новые алгоритмы реализации проектов. Исходя из классического представления о краудфандинге как финансировании проектов посредством использования интернет-пространства для привлечения небольших взносов от большого количества людей, автор ставит цель – обозначить краудфандинг как альтернативный способ финансирования документальных фильмов и поддержку независимого кинопроизводства. В статье также исследуется феномен краудфандинга как модели перспективного финансового обеспечения реализации проектов независимой документалистики и продвижения творчества сценаристов. На основе анализа основных проблем и перспектив успешных краудфандинговых кампаний Казахстана и Турции, авторы описали потенциал краудфандинга как средства финансирования и распространения независимых медиапроектов. Также был проведён анализ практики функционирования краудфандинговых платформ нескольких стран. Даны представления о развивающемся ландшафте документального кино и потенциале краудфандинга для поддержки независимого кинопроизводства. Авторы также отметили ценность краудфандинга для женщин-режиссеров тех стран, где затруднительно получить доступ к финансированию проектов. Краудфандинг становится популярным способом финансирования документальных фильмов, предоставляя альтернативу традиционным источникам, таким как гранты, спонсорство и инвестиции. Данное исследование в области документалистики и краудфандинга может оказаться полезным для студентов факультетов журналистики и практиков медиа и киноиндустрии.

Suzamara Bastos, Carlos Lopezosa, Anna Tous Rovirosa

Las técnicas SEO son conocidas en el ámbito académico, pero su evolución en los medios en línea para elaborar noticias sigue en crecimiento, especialmente en su relación con la IA y el monitoreo de noticias. Este trabajo presenta los resultados de una revisión sistemática del framework PRISMA-SCR, con el objetivo de identificar la evolución del SEO en el periodismo en los últimos cinco años, los desafíos éticos y de calidad de información asociados a la optimización para buscadores, y la interacción entre SEO, IA y monitoreo de noticias. Los resultados muestran preocupación por cómo la búsqueda de visibilidad web puede superponerse a los principios éticos del periodismo, reducir la diversidad de contenido y propagar la desinformación, creando "burbujas de filtros", revelando así un vacío en este ámbito. Dada la escasez de investigaciones profundas, este estudio destaca la relevancia de debatir la estrecha interrelación entre SEO, IA y monitoreo de noticias.

Jan Kermer, Urbano Reviglio, Tijana Blagojev

The Local Media for Democracy (LM4D) project is the first project that explores news deserts in Europe comprehensively. Its final report highlighted challenges and opportunities for local and community media and identified the level of risk of news deserts in the 27 European Union (EU) Member States. As a pilot project, however, its results are still preliminary and open to evaluation, and, thus, they require further discussion and corroboration. Drawing from these results, and applying a multidisciplinary approach, we extrapolated research directions for the study of news deserts in the EU. By cross-analyzing data from the LM4D dataset with other datasets, we provide a preliminary analysis of three promising lines of research: (1) the relationship between public service media quality and news deserts, (2) news deserts and the spread of disinformation, and (3) social media usage and news desertification. We conclude by pointing out the limitations of this preliminary analysis and opportunities for further research on news deserts in the EU.

Laura Saarenmaa, Pasi Valtonen

Laskeva kotimainen kysyntä on lisännyt lihateollisuuden intoa panostaa Aasian maihin suuntautuvaan vientikauppaan. Lihaviennin taloudellisesta kannattavuudesta ja eettisestä kestävyydestä on kuitenkin esitetty julkisuudessa epäilyksiä. Tässä kirjoituksessa käymme läpi argumentteja, joilla kotimaisen lihan kaukomaille suuntautuvaa vientikauppaa alan eri toimijoiden taholta perustellaan. Analyysin kohteena on aiheeseen syventyvä, Helsingin Sanomissa huhtikuussa 2022 julkaistu haastatteluartikkeli. Analyysimme osoittaa, että artikkeli koostuu useista keskenään ristiriitaisista ja sisällöllisesti epäselvistä lausumista. Analyysimme perusteella lihan vientiä perustelevat argumentit eivät ole erityisen vakuuttavia, eivätkä artikkelissa haastatellut toimijat onnistu vastaamaan tyhjentävästi kysymykseen viennin taloudellisesta kannattavuudesta. Sen sijaan esiin nousee useita jatkokysymyksen paikkoja ja uusia epäilyksiä lihaviennin tosiasiallisesta mielekkyydestä liiketoimintana.

Vitalii Zakharov, Uliana Levko

The article discusses the specifics of students’ work on portrait stories in practical and laboratory classes in TV journalism. The study of the peculiarities of creating materials in the stated genre is considered in the context of European integration processes within the media and education. The authors relied on theoretical research by scholars who focused on analyzing portrait interviews and television stories. The purpose of the study was to outline the technologies for creating one’s own media product in the context of European values, including respect for human dignity, freedom, as well as democracy. The scientific problem is considered in two dimensions. Firstly, future TV journalists themselves are guided by the values outlined above. Secondly, the characters in the TV stories «work» to strengthen and implement values by reflecting on topics from their personal and public lives. One of the authors’ tasks was to demonstrate a two-sided media production approach. Another task is to highlight the technologies of creating a portrait story in view of the challenges that require adaptation and reconsideration of the experience of the Ukrainian school of TV journalism. An important point in mastering the topic is to analyze the achievements of media professionals since the 1990s. A critical analysis of samples of portrait interviews and TV stories from different periods helps to comprehend the evolution of the genres. However, the value framework of media content during this period has been humanism. Therefore, it is primarily about direct articulation and focus on the values that unite the European community. Implementing the educational potential of television, students find and show heroes with whom the viewer already shares values or discovers new horizons in their worldview. The cooperation of students and teachers in its multi-stage nature covers the entire process of creating a portrait TV story, which is outlined in the article.

Nur Efşan Norşenli

Sinema toplumların geçmişle ilişkilerinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Kolektif belleğe ait hatırlatılmak istenilen anılar için kullanılan araçlardan biri de sinemadır. Geçmişin, şimdinin ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda seçilen anlatısı, sinema ile bugünün izleyicine aktarılır. Geçmiş, şimdi ve gelecek arasında belirli bir amaç doğrultusunda çerçevelenmiş devamlılık ilişkisi bugüne getirilen anılarla kurulur. Toplumlar, bu devamlılık ilişkisi üzerinden kimliklerini inşa ederler. Unutulmuş ya da unutulmaya yüz tutmuş olaylar ve öyküler sinemanın görselliğe dayalı, canlandırma teknikleri ile kolektif bir hatırlatmayı tesis eder. Bu bağlamda sinema görsel, işitsel imkânlarla hatırlamayı ve belleğin ihtiyaçlar çerçevesinde yeniden kurulmasını sağlar. Sinema, geçmişin yeniden bir yorumu olarak unutmaya karşı mücadele aracı haline gelir. Bu kapsamda çalışmanın amacı; kitle iletişiminin en temel araçlarından sinemanın hatırlatıcı misyonunu açıklamaktır. Çalışmanın kapsamını Çağan Irmak’ın yönettiği ve 2008 yılında sinema izleyicisi ile buluşan Ulak filmi oluşturmaktadır. Film, kolektif hatırlama ve kolektif unutma kavramları kapsamında incelenecektir. Filmin temel anlatısının masal üzerine kurulması nedeniyle çalışma, sözlü ve yazılı kültürün hatırlama ve unutma özellikleri ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Çalışmada hatırlama ve unutma diyalektiği çerçevesinde; filmin mekânı, zamanı, karakterleri ve kolektif hatırlama unsurları betimleyici analiz ile çözümlenip değerlendirilmiştir.

Maider Eizmendi-Iraola, Simón Peña-Fernández

Como agentes de innovación y de generación de conocimiento, las universidades aprovechan su elevado capital simbólico para extender a las redes sociales la labor divulgadora que ya realizaban a través de los medios de comunicación. Por su parte, la comunicación científica se ha caracterizado por una brecha de género en la que las mujeres, a pesar de las iniciativas para promover su presencia en el ámbito de la ciencia, logran una visibilidad reducida que repercute en su imagen social. Esta investigación analiza con una perspectiva de género los contenidos publicados en Twitter y Facebook por parte de tres centros universitarios de referencia, con el objetivo de conocer qué tipo de contenidos publican, las áreas científicas a las que pertenecen y el enganche que generan. Los resultados indican, por una parte, que la divulgación científica constituye una parte relevante de la actividad comunicativa que las universidades desarrollan a través de sus cuentas en las redes sociales. Por otro lado, los datos también apuntan a una presencia de las mujeres cuantitativamente menor y cualitativamente más subordinada, en particular en las áreas CTIM.  

Pauline Renaud

EN. The current iteration of the information disorder has created several challenges for news organisations, not least exacerbated pressure to identify, rapidly, false and fabricated content, which has found new impetus through social media. In the current context, the imperative is also, for many journalists, to maintain their authority as truth providers. However, when journalists, themselves, contribute to the dissemination of false information, adhering to that imperative is compromised. Prior research (Bennett et al., 1985) has shown that the media may attempt to repair problematic news stories that fail to conform to expectations of fairness, accuracy, and quality by reaffirming the boundaries of what is acceptable journalistic practice. This paper examines the case of French news outlets falsely reporting the arrest of Xavier Dupont de Ligonnès, a man suspected of murdering his family in April 2011. The analysis of metajournalistic discourse, or discourse about journalism, in news articles about the aftermath of the false scoop demonstrates that the French media repaired this news story through three main narrative strategies: minimisation, externalisation, and circumscription. By either mitigating their responsibility vis-à-vis this false story, distancing themselves from it, or presenting it as an isolated incident, news organisations normalise this example of journalistic misinformation as an unfortunate case of deviant professional practice in an otherwise mostly sound paradigm. However, limited reflection on greater implications for journalism and on how to prevent such shortcomings in future hint at the fact that the question of accountability is yet to form an intrinsic part of journalists’ professional identity in France. *** FR. Le désordre informationnel confronte les médias à de nombreux défis, y compris la nécessité d’identifier, rapidement, les contenus faux et falsifiés qui ne cessent de circuler, notamment sur les réseaux sociaux. Dans le contexte actuel, l’impératif est aussi pour les journalistes de maintenir leur autorité en tant que pourvoyeurs de vérités. Cependant, lorsque les journalistes contribuent, eux-mêmes, à la diffusion de fausses informations, adhérer à cet impératif se trouve compromis. Des travaux de recherche (Bennett et al., 1985) ont montré que les médias, à travers leurs discours, tentent de réparer des articles ou reportages qui ne répondent pas aux attentes d'équité, d'exactitude et/ou de qualité en réaffirmant les contours de ce que constitue une pratique journalistique acceptable. Cet article examine le cas de journaux français ayant annoncé, à tort, l'arrestation de Xavier Dupont de Ligonnès, un homme soupçonné du meurtre de sa famille en avril 2011. L'analyse du discours métajournalistique, ou discours sur le journalisme, dans des articles de presse sur les conséquences de ce faux scoop démontre que les médias français ont réparé leur pratique professionnelle au moyen de trois narratives : la minimisation, l’externalisation et la délimitation. En atténuant leur responsabilité vis-à-vis de cette fausse histoire, en s’en distanciant, ou en la présentant comme un incident rare, la plupart des organes de presse ont normalisé cette fausse information comme un cas isolé de pratique déviante dans un paradigme journalistique par ailleurs plutôt sain. Cependant, la quasi-absence de discussion sur les implications pour le journalisme et sur la manière de prévenir de telles erreurs à l’avenir suggère que la question de la régulation des médias est encore à l’état d’ébauche dans les réflexions collectives des journalistes en France. *** PT. O caos informativo impõe uma série de desafios aos meios de comunicação social, especialmente no que diz respeito à necessidade de se identificar, com rapidez, os conteúdos falsos e desinformação que circulam constantemente, sobretudo nas redes sociais. No contexto atual, é também imperativo que os jornalistas mantenham a sua autoridade como fornecedores da verdade. No entanto, quando os próprios jornalistas contribuem para a disseminação de informações falsas, o cumprimento deste imperativo fica comprometido. Estudos demonstraram que os meios de comunicação social, através dos seus discursos, tentam corrigir narrativas ou histórias que não correspondem às expectativas da imparcialidade, exatidão e/ou qualidade, reafirmando os contornos daquilo que se espera de uma prática jornalística aceitável (Bennett et al., 1985). Este artigo examina o caso dos jornais franceses que anunciaram falsamente a detenção de Xavier Dupont de Ligonnès, um homem suspeito de ter assassinado a sua família na França, em abril de 2011. Uma análise do discurso meta-jornalístico, ou do discurso sobre o jornalismo, nas notícias sobre as consequências deste caso, mostra que os media franceses repararam a sua prática profissional através de três estratégias narrativas: minimização, externalização e delimitação. Ao minimizar a sua responsabilidade em relação a esta história falsa, distanciando-se dela, ou apresentando-a como um incidente isolado, os veículos de comunicação normalizam este exemplo de desinformação jornalística como um caso infeliz de prática profissional desviante num paradigma que, de resto, é maioritariamente consolidado. No entanto, a ausência de um debate sobre as implicações dessa prática no jornalismo e a forma de evitar tais erros no futuro sugere que a discussão sobre a responsabilização dos media ainda não faz parte da identidade profissional dos jornalistas na França. *** ES. Los medios de comunicación se enfrentan a numerosos retos frente al caos informativo : entre ellos, la necesidad de identificar en seguida los contenidos falsos y falsificados que circulan constantemente, sobre todo en las redes sociales. En el contexto actual, también es imperativo que los periodistas mantengan su autoridad como proveedores de la verdad. Sin embargo, cuando los propios periodistas contribuyen a la difusión de información falsa, el cumplimiento de este imperativo se ve comprometido. Estudios han demostrado que los medios de comunicación, a través de sus discursos, intentan reparar los artículos o reportajes que no cumplen las expectativas de imparcialidad, exactitud y/o calidad reafirmando los contornos de lo que constituye una práctica periodística aceptable (Bennett et al., 1985). Este artículo examina el caso de los periódicos franceses que anunciaron falsamente la detención de Xavier Dupont de Ligonnès, un hombre sospechoso de asesinar a su familia en Francia en abril de 2011. Un análisis del discurso metaperiodístico, o discurso sobre el periodismo, en los artículos de prensa sobre las consecuencias de esta falsa primicia muestra que los medios franceses repararon su práctica profesional mediante tres narrativas: minimización, externalización y delimitación. Al minimizar su responsabilidad en la falsa noticia, distanciarse de ella o presentarla como un incidente excepcional, la mayoría de los medios de comunicación normalizaron esta falsa información como un caso aislado de práctica desviada en un paradigma periodístico por lo demás bastante sano. Sin embargo, la práctica ausencia de debate sobre las implicaciones para el periodismo y la forma de evitar errores de este tipo en el futuro sugiere que la cuestión de la regulación de los medios de comunicación está todavía incipiente en el pensamiento colectivo de los periodistas en Francia. ***

Ori Press, Steffen Schneider, Matthias Kümmerer et al.

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) allows to update pre-trained models to changing data distributions at deployment time. While early work tested these algorithms for individual fixed distribution shifts, recent work proposed and applied methods for continual adaptation over long timescales. To examine the reported progress in the field, we propose the Continually Changing Corruptions (CCC) benchmark to measure asymptotic performance of TTA techniques. We find that eventually all but one state-of-the-art methods collapse and perform worse than a non-adapting model, including models specifically proposed to be robust to performance collapse. In addition, we introduce a simple baseline, "RDumb", that periodically resets the model to its pretrained state. RDumb performs better or on par with the previously proposed state-of-the-art in all considered benchmarks. Our results show that previous TTA approaches are neither effective at regularizing adaptation to avoid collapse nor able to outperform a simplistic resetting strategy.

Chenyue Jiao, Kai Li, Zhichao Fang

As part of the data-driven paradigm and open science movement, the data paper is becoming a popular way for researchers to publish their research data, based on academic norms that cross knowledge domains. Data journals have also been created to host this new academic genre. The growing number of data papers and journals has made them an important large-scale data source for understanding how research data is published and reused in our research system. One barrier to this research agenda is a lack of knowledge as to how data journals and their publications are indexed in the scholarly databases used for quantitative analysis. To address this gap, this study examines how a list of 18 exclusively data journals (i.e., journals that primarily accept data papers) are indexed in four popular scholarly databases: the Web of Science, Scopus, Dimensions, and OpenAlex. We investigate how comprehensively these databases cover the selected data journals and, in particular, how they present the document type information of data papers. We find that the coverage of data papers, as well as their document type information, is highly inconsistent across databases, which creates major challenges for future efforts to study them quantitatively. As a result, we argue that efforts should be made by data journals and databases to improve the quality of metadata for this emerging genre.

Pauljan Truyens, Ike Picone

Despite several studies showing discrepancies between audience expectations of journalism and journalists’ professional norms, what remains largely unknown is the audience view on the adherence of journalism to these seemingly essential professional norms. Recent research mainly focused on analysing audience expectations within the context of specific cases. Moreover, these studies rarely take into consideration characteristics that might shape people’s views on journalism such as political ideology. This article seeks to complement these studies by exploring the impact that a user’s news consumption might have on their expectations of journalism. Utilizing data from an online survey among a representative sample of the Flemish audience, we analyse views on adherence to the main professional norms by the Flemish media, and subsequently relate these to news consumption. To grasp the cross- and multi-medial news consumer, we use a news repertoire approach. Flemish news repertoires differ significantly in views on several professional journalistic norms. By linking these distinct news repertoires to their views on professional norms of journalism, we first question how essential these professional norms put forward by journalists really are. Secondly, we discuss if expectations of journalism result in divergent news consumption strategies or vice versa, laying the groundwork for further exploring audience views on professional journalistic norms.

Anton Bakhtin, David Wu, Adam Lerer et al.

Prior AI successes in complex games have largely focused on settings with at most hundreds of actions at each decision point. In contrast, Diplomacy is a game with more than 10^20 possible actions per turn. Previous attempts to address games with large branching factors, such as Diplomacy, StarCraft, and Dota, used human data to bootstrap the policy or used handcrafted reward shaping. In this paper, we describe an algorithm for action exploration and equilibrium approximation in games with combinatorial action spaces. This algorithm simultaneously performs value iteration while learning a policy proposal network. A double oracle step is used to explore additional actions to add to the policy proposals. At each state, the target state value and policy for the model training are computed via an equilibrium search procedure. Using this algorithm, we train an agent, DORA, completely from scratch for a popular two-player variant of Diplomacy and show that it achieves superhuman performance. Additionally, we extend our methods to full-scale no-press Diplomacy and for the first time train an agent from scratch with no human data. We present evidence that this agent plays a strategy that is incompatible with human-data bootstrapped agents. This presents the first strong evidence of multiple equilibria in Diplomacy and suggests that self play alone may be insufficient for achieving superhuman performance in Diplomacy.

Vít Macháček

This study measures the tendency to publish in international scientific journals. For each of nearly 35 thousands Scopus-indexed journals, we derive seven globalization indicators based on the composition of authors by country of origin and other characteristics. These are subsequently scaled up to the level of 174 countries and 27 disciplines between 2005 and 2017. The results indicate that advanced countries maintain high globalization of scientific communication that is not varying across disciplines. Social sciences and health sciences are less globalized than physical and life sciences. Countries of the former Soviet bloc score far lower on the globalization measures, especially in social sciences or health sciences. Russia remains among the least globalized during the whole period, with no upward trend. Contrary, China has profoundly globalized its science system, gradually moving from the lowest globalization figures to the world average. The paper concludes with reflections on measurement issues and policy implications.

Eric Goles, Ivan Slapničar, Marco A. Lardies

Real-world examples of periods of periodical organisms range from cicadas whose life-cycles are larger prime numbers, like 13 or 17, to bamboos whose periods are large multiples of small primes, like 40 or even 120. The periodicity is caused by interaction of species, be it a predator-prey relationship, symbiosis, commensialism, or competition exclusion principle. We propose a simple mathematical model which explains and models all those principles, including listed extremel cases. This, rather universal, qualitative model is based on the concept of a local fitness function, where a randomly chosen new period is selected if the value of the global fitness function of the species increases. Arithmetically speaking, the different observed interactions are related to only four principles: given a couple of integer periods either (1) their greatest common divisor is one, (2) one of the periods is prime, (3) both periods are equal, or (4) one period is an integer multiple of the other.